Cited by 2,040Innovative Human-Technology InteractionUsability and User Interface DesignInteractive and Immersive Displays

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Affordance, conventions, and design

Norman, Donald A.·1999·Interactions

DOI 10.1145/301153.301168

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

I was quietly lurking in the background of a CHI-Web discussion, when I lost all reason: I just couldn’t take it anymore. “I put an affordance there, ” a participant would say, “I wonder if the object affords clicking … “ Affordances this, affordances that. And no data, just opinion. Yikes! What had I unleashed upon the world? “No! ” I screamed, and out came this article. I don’t know if it changed anyone’s minds, but it brought the CHI-Web discussion to a halt (not what good list managers want to happen). But then, Steven Pemberton asked me to submit it here. Hope it doesn’t stop the discussion again. Mind you, this is not the exact piece I dashed off to CHI-Web: it has been polished and refined: the requirements of print are more demanding than those of e-mail discussions.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1145/301153.301168

Cites

6 of 6 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception
Bornstein, M. H., & Gibson, J. J. (1980) · The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism · doi:10.2307/429816 · Cited by 22,935
Untitled work
(1993) · Cited by 9,879
The Psychology of Everyday Things
Massaro, D. W., & Norman, D. A. (1990) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1423268 · Cited by 3,484
Self-citation
The Usability Engineering Lifecycle
NIELSEN, J. (1993) · Usability Engineering · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-052029-2.50007-3 · Cited by 2,657
Usability inspection methods
Nielsen, J. (1995) · Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '95 · doi:10.1145/223355.223730 · Cited by 2,620
Untitled work
(1977) · doi:10.4324/9781315740218-18

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 6 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Gibson J. J., 1979, Houghton Mifflin
Norman D. a., 1988, Basic Books

Sorted by citations

Items 701–800 of 1,001

Things to imagine with
Chu, S. L., & Quek, F. K. H. (2013) · ACM International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC) · doi:10.1145/2485760.2485793 · Cited by 13
Digital Story Retelling – Evaluation of a Story-reading Workshop Promoting Open-mindedness in the Community
Chan, C. (2019) · Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work · doi:10.1080/26408066.2019.1684410 · Cited by 13
Exploring the Learning Outcomes with Various Technologies - Proposing Design Principles for Virtual Reality Learning Environments
Holopainen, J., Lähtevänoja, A., Mattila, O., Södervik, I., Pöyry, E., & Parvinen, P. M. T. (2020) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2020.004 · Cited by 13
Modelling Domestic Water Use in Metropolitan Areas Using Socio-Cognitive Agents
Perelló-Moragues, A., Manel Poch, A., Saurı́, D., Popartan, L. A., & Pablo Noriega, A. (2021) · Water · doi:10.3390/w13081024 · Cited by 13
Researching Affordances
Kammer, A. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-024-1555-1_7 · Cited by 13
Understanding 3D food printing technology: An affordance approach
Ling, K. C. L., Yee, A. Z. H., Leo, C. H., & Chua, C. K. (2022) · Materials Today Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.08.564 · Cited by 13
A Kaleidoscope of Languages
Gao, G., & Fussell, S. R. (2017) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3025453.3025839 · Cited by 13
How structural and procedural features of managers' performance appraisals facilitate their politicization: A study of Canadian university deans’ reappointments
Lavigne, E. (2018) · European Management Journal · doi:10.1016/j.emj.2018.06.001 · Cited by 13
Streamer-Interface-Viewer Entanglement
Ye, Z. (2021) · MedieKultur Journal of media and communication research · doi:10.7146/mediekultur.v37i70.122402 · Cited by 13
Improved link analysis method for user interface design – modified link table and optimisation-based algorithm
Lin, C.-J., & Wu, C. (2009) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/01449290903233892 · Cited by 13
From Exploration to Proof Production
Hsieh, F.-J., Horng, W.-S., & Shy, H.-Y. (2012) · New ICMI studies series · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2129-6_12 · Cited by 13
Teacher-researchers Exploring Design-based Research to Develop Learning Designs in Higher Education Language Teaching
Bergroth-Koskinen, U.-M., & Seppälä, R. (2012) · Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä) · Cited by 13
Les études d’usages : entre normalisation et rhétorique
Boullier, D. (2002) · Annals of Telecommunications · doi:10.1007/bf02994633 · Cited by 13
Troublesome tools: How can Wikipedia editing enhance student teachers’ digital skills?
Brox, H. (2016) · Acta Didactica Norge · doi:10.5617/adno.2493 · Cited by 13
The usability attributes and evaluation measurements of mobile media AR (augmented reality)
Woon-Hyung, L., & Lee, H.-K. (2016) · Cogent Arts and Humanities · doi:10.1080/23311983.2016.1241171 · Cited by 16
How Is It for You? (A Case for Recognising User Motivation in the Design Process)
Walker, S., & Prytherch, D. (2008) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-85099-1_11 · Cited by 13
Balancing physical and digital properties in mixed objects
Coutrix, C., & Nigay, L. (2008) · Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI) · doi:10.1145/1385569.1385619 · Cited by 13
Future paths for GIS in K-12 education: A review of possibilities and constraints
Humble, N. (2023) · European Journal of Geography · doi:10.48088/ejg.n.hum.14.3.079.088 · Cited by 12
Learning within fiber-crafted algorithms: Posthumanist perspectives for capturing human-material collaboration
Keune, A. (2024) · International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning · doi:10.1007/s11412-023-09412-1 · Cited by 12
GPT-4’s capabilities in handling essay-based exams in Norwegian: an intrinsic case study from the early phase of intervention
Krumsvik, R. J. (2025) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1444544 · Cited by 12
A Theory of Clinic-EHR Affordance Actualization
Strong, D. M., Volkoff, O., Johnson, S. A., & Pelletier, L. (2009) · Cited by 12
Eliciting Affordances for Smart Objects in IoT Era
Matassa, A., & Simeoni, R. (2015) · Lecture notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19656-5_12 · Cited by 12
Prediction of action outcomes using an object model
Ugalde, F. R., Cheng, G., & Beetz, M. (2010) · IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) · doi:10.1109/iros.2010.5649552 · Cited by 12
Providing both physical and perceived affordances using physical games pieces on touch based tablets
Burnett, D., Coulton, P., & Lewis, A. (2012) · Australasian Conference On Interactive Entertainment · doi:10.1145/2336727.2336735 · Cited by 12
Effects of Cognitive Load on Affordance‐based Interactions
Grgic, J. E., Still, M. L., & Still, J. D. (2016) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.3298 · Cited by 12
Children’s use of everyday artifacts: Learning the hidden affordance of zipping
Rachwani, J., Kaplan, B. E., Tamis‐LeMonda, C. S., & Adolph, K. E. (2020) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.22049 · Cited by 12
From Smart-Only Cities Towards Humane and Cooperative Hybrid Cities
Streitz, N. (2021) · Technology|Architecture + Design · doi:10.1080/24751448.2021.1967050 · Cited by 12
WeChat and the Sharing of News in Networked China
Xu, V. W. (2022) · Digital Journalism · doi:10.1080/21670811.2022.2053335 · Cited by 14
A method for resolving organisation‐enterprise system misfits: An action research study in a pluralistic organisation
Morquin, D., Ologeanu‐Taddei, R., Paré, G., & Wagner, G. (2023) · Information Systems Journal · doi:10.1111/isj.12433 · Cited by 12
The Impact of Video Meeting Systems on Psychological User States: a State-of-the-Art Review
Seitz, J., Benke, I., Heinzl, A., & Maedche, A. (2023) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2023.103178 · Cited by 15
Le fil de la pensée tisserande
Naji, M. (2009) · Techniques & culture · doi:10.4000/tc.4826 · Cited by 17
Measuring the Perceived Functional Affordances of Collaborative Innovation Networks in Social Product Development
Abhari, K., Davidson, E., & Xiao, B. S. (2016) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.2016.119 · Cited by 12
Mobile-assisted ESP learning in technical education
Šimonová, I. (2015) · Journal of language and cultural education · doi:10.1515/jolace-2015-0016 · Cited by 12
Location-Based Games as Interfaces for Collecting User Data
Rauti, S., & Laato, S. (2020) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45691-7_59 · Cited by 12
Cultural Affordances and Social Media
Sun, Y., & Suthers, D. (2021) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2021.368 · Cited by 14
Using the physical properties of artefacts to manage through‐life knowledge flows in the built environment: an initial exploration
Rooke, C. N., Rooke, J. A., Koskela, L., & Tzortzopoulos, P. (2010) · Construction Management and Economics · doi:10.1080/01446193.2010.489925 · Cited by 12
Marginalia as message: affordances for reader-to-reader communication
Fajkovic, M., & Björneborn, L. (2014) · Journal of Documentation · doi:10.1108/jd-07-2013-0096 · Cited by 12
Mary Had A Little Scoretable* Or The Reactable* Goes Melodic
Jordà, S., & Alonso, M. (2006) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.1176854 · Cited by 12
Designing eBee
Carlsson, I., Choi, J., Pearce, C., & Smith, G. (2017) · International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games (FDG) · doi:10.1145/3102071.3102102 · Cited by 12
Modelling Devices for Natural Interaction
Dix, A. J., Ghazali, M., & Ramduny-Ellis, D. (2008) · Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.entcs.2008.03.105 · Cited by 12
Affordances - a Merleau-Pontian account
Dohn, N. B. (2006) · Proceedings of the International Conference on Networked Learning · doi:10.54337/nlc.v5.9436 · Cited by 12
Editorial Introduction
Yaneva, A. (2009) · The Journal of Modern Craft · doi:10.2752/174967809x12556950208826 · Cited by 12
Conceptual affordances: (How) should they inform conceptual engineering?
Marchiori, S. (2025) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-025-05161-w · Cited by 11
Governing Addictive Design Features in AI-Driven Platforms: Regulatory Challenges and Pathways for Protecting Adolescent Digital Wellbeing in China
Yao, Y., & Fei, Y. (2025) · Youth · doi:10.3390/youth5040122 · Cited by 11
Effects of social media affordances on knowledge contribution in online Q&A communities: a self-determination perspective
Zhou, Y., Zhu, L., Wu, C., Wang, H., Wang, Q., & Yuan, Q. (2023) · Industrial Management & Data Systems · doi:10.1108/imds-05-2022-0315 · Cited by 11
Self-disclosure in online social networks: The needs-affordances-features perspective
Xiao, Z., Gong, X., & Cheung, C. M. K. (2025) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2025.104102 · Cited by 12
Redefining Affordance via Computational Rationality
Liao, Y.-C., & Holz, C. (2025) · ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) · doi:10.1145/3708359.3712114 · Cited by 11
Gaming in Multicultural Classrooms: The Potential of Collaborative Digital Games to Foster Intercultural Interaction
Alencar, A. P., & Conde-Pumpido, T. D. L. H. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316422823.012 · Cited by 11
Examining the impact of contact reducing technology on food purchasing during the pandemic
Morosan, C. V. (2022) · Journal of Foodservice Business Research · doi:10.1080/15378020.2022.2057175 · Cited by 11
Machines in the Triangle: a Pragmatic Interactive Approach to Information
Schumann, N., & Du, Y. (2022) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-022-00516-4 · Cited by 11
Interaction Knowledge: Understanding the ‘Mechanics’ of Digital Tools
Renom, M. A., Caramiaux, B., & Beaudouin-Lafon, M. (2023) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3581246 · Cited by 17
A Review Study on the Impact of Online Collaborative Learning on EFL Students’ Writing Skills
Al-Yafaei, Y., & Mudhsh, B. A. (2023) · International Journal of Linguistics Studies · doi:10.32996/ijls.2023.3.3.2 · Cited by 11
Braille glove design toward interdisciplinary approach for visually impaired people: developing independent sensing design with MXene and embroidery
Kim, M., Shin, H., & Jekal, M. (2024) · Fashion and Textiles · doi:10.1186/s40691-024-00383-x · Cited by 12
Business writing on the go
Caron, A. H., Hwang, J. M., Brummans, B. H. J. M., & Caronia, L. (2013) · Corporate Communications An International Journal · doi:10.1108/13563281311294100 · Cited by 11
Affordance of Braille music as a mediational means: significance and limitations
Park, H.-Y., & Kim, M.-J. (2014) · British Journal of Music Education · doi:10.1017/s0265051714000138 · Cited by 11
Touch style
Gross, S., Bardzell, J., & Bardzell, S. (2013) · Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/2466627.2466653 · Cited by 11
Design Principles for Room-Scale Virtual Reality: A Design Experiment in Three Dimensions
Schjerlund, J., Hansen, M. R. P., & Jensen, J. G. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91800-6_1 · Cited by 11
Tablet computer-supported conversation between people with dementia and their carers: technology as interactional focus
Ferm, U., Ekström, A., Larsson, E., & Samuelsson, C. (2020) · Universal Access in the Information Society · doi:10.1007/s10209-020-00745-4 · Cited by 11
Medium-specific properties of urban screens
Fortin, C., DiPaola, S., Hennessy, K., Bizzocchi, J., & Neustaedter, C. (2013) · Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/2466627.2466629 · Cited by 11
Querying and navigating a database of images with the magical objects of the wizard Zurlino
Pittarello, F., & Stecca, R. (2010) · ACM International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC) · doi:10.1145/1810543.1810583 · Cited by 11
A synergistic view of autonomous cognitive systems
Minai, A. A., Perdoor, M. C., Byadarhaly, K. V., Vasa, S., & Iyer, L. (2010) · International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2010.5596356 · Cited by 11
Operating Manual-Based Usability Evaluation of Medical Devices: An Effective Patient Safety Screening Method
Turley, J. P., Johnson, T. R., Smith, D. P., Zhang, J., & Brixey, J. J. (2006) · The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety · doi:10.1016/s1553-7250(06)32027-2 · Cited by 11
Affordances from Number Lines in Fractions Instruction: Students’ Interpretation of Teacher’s Intentions
Patahuddin, S. M., Usman, H. B., & Ramful, A. (2017) · International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education · doi:10.1007/s10763-017-9800-z · Cited by 11
Approaches to Automatically Extract Affordances from Patents
Chiarello, F., Cirri, I., Melluso, N., Fantoni, G., Bonaccorsi, A. J., & Pavanello, T. (2019) · Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Engineering Design · doi:10.1017/dsi.2019.255 · Cited by 11
Affordance and Symmetry in User Interfaces
Cairns, P. A., & Thimbleby, H. W. (2008) · The Computer Journal · doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxm102 · Cited by 11
Augmenting the Affordance of Online Help Content
Silveira, M. S., Barbosa, S. D. J., & de Souza, C. S. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-0353-0_17 · Cited by 11
She has got a gig: affordances of on-demand work apps for marginalised women enduring time scarcity
Agarwal, A., Jha, A. K., & Jagasia, J. (2023) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2023.2223298 · Cited by 11
Task-technology fit of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) education technology for inquiry-based learning (IBL)
Ojetunde, S. M., Ramnarain, U. D., & Teo, T. P. (2024) · Educational Media International · doi:10.1080/09523987.2024.2441139 · Cited by 10
Locating the Ethics of ChatGPT—Ethical Issues as Affordances in AI Ecosystems
Stahl, B. C. (2025) · Information · doi:10.3390/info16020104 · Cited by 11
IT affordance, organizational learning, business networking and B2B performance: A multi-channel networks perspective
Yang, Y., Chung, H. F. L., Elms, J., & Fletcher, P. (2025) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2025.08.001 · Cited by 11
Affordance-based design evaluation: Bridging architectural intention and adaptive user behavior
Mohammadi, M., & Koutamanis, A. (2025) · Design Studies · doi:10.1016/j.destud.2025.101361 · Cited by 10
Developing a Model of Distributed Sensemaking: A Case Study of Military Analysis
Wheat, A., Attfield, S., & Fields, B. (2016) · Informatics · doi:10.3390/informatics3010001 · Cited by 11
Egocentric interaction for ambient intelligence
Surie, D. (2012) · Cited by 10
Ideation using the “Design with Intent” toolkit: A case study applying a design toolkit to support creativity in developing vehicle interfaces for fuel-efficient driving
Allison, C. K., & Stanton, N. A. (2020) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2019.103026 · Cited by 11
Casual Leisure in Rich-Prospect
Morse, C., Niess, J., Lallemand, C., Wieneke, L., & Koenig, V. (2021) · Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage · doi:10.1145/3437257 · Cited by 10
Applications of affordance and cognitive ergonomics in virtual design: A digital camera as an illustrative case
Chen, M., Fadel, G., & Mata, I. (2021) · Concurrent Engineering · doi:10.1177/1063293x211054132 · Cited by 10
The process of learning the designed actions of toys
Kaplan, B. E., Rachwani, J., Tamis‐LeMonda, C. S., & Adolph, K. E. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105442 · Cited by 10
E-portfolios as Digital Assessment Tools in Higher Education
Yang, M., Wang, T., & Lim, C. P. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17461-7_83 · Cited by 10
Communicative Functions of the Museum Lobby
Mortensen, C. H., Rudloff, M., & Vestergaard, V. (2014) · Curator The Museum Journal · doi:10.1111/cura.12072 · Cited by 10
Interface affordances and social practices in online communication systems
Fragoso, S., Rebs, R. R., & Barth, D. L. (2012) · International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI) · doi:10.1145/2254556.2254569 · Cited by 10
Affordances, stations audionumériques et créativité musicale
Strachan, R. (2012) · Réseaux · doi:10.3917/res.172.0120 · Cited by 10
The self-referral affordances of school-based social work support: a case study
Bolin, A., & Sorbring, E. (2017) · European Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1080/13691457.2016.1278521 · Cited by 10
Use of Affordances in Geospatial Ontologies
Sen, S. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-77915-5_9 · Cited by 10
Affordances of Virtual World Commerce: Instrument Development and Validation
Olapiriyakul, K., & Widmeyer, G. R. (2009) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · Cited by 10
Capturing Experience: An Autistic Approach to Designing Space
Baumers, S., & Heylighen, A. (2015) · The Design Journal · doi:10.1080/14606925.2015.1059599 · Cited by 10
When Teaching Practices Meet Tablets’ Affordances. Insights on the Materiality of Learning
Nouri, J., & Pargman, T. C. (2016) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45153-4_14 · Cited by 10
A Cross-organizational Ecology for Virtual Communities of Practice in Higher Education
Mavri, A., Ioannou, A., & Loizides, F. (2019) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2019.1664067 · Cited by 11
AN EYE-TRACKING SUPPORTED INVESTIGATION INTO THE ROLE OF FORMS OF REPRESENTATION ON DESIGN EVALUATIONS AND AFFORDANCES OF ORIGINAL PRODUCT FEATURES
Berni, A., Maccioni, L., & Borgianni, Y. (2020) · Proceedings of the Design Society DESIGN Conference · doi:10.1017/dsd.2020.296 · Cited by 10
Virtual Tourism in a Game Environment: Untangling Judged Affordances and Sense of Place
Tjøstheim, I., & Waterworth, J. A. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-50164-8_14 · Cited by 10
Designing sociable IT for public use
Kristoffersen, S., & Bratteberg, I. (2008) · ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) · doi:10.1145/1409635.1409669 · Cited by 10
Are we there yet? Teachers, schools and electronic networks
Carmichael, P., & Procter, R. (2006) · The Curriculum Journal · doi:10.1080/09585170600787969 · Cited by 10
Comparing Information Literacy Needs of Graduate Students in Selected Graduate Programs through the Technology Acceptance Model and Affordance Theory
Magliaro, J. (2010) · Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor) · Cited by 10
DAMPER
Bennett, P. D., Ward, N., O’Modhrain, S., & Rebelo, P. (2007) · New Interfaces for Musical Expression · doi:10.1145/1279740.1279797 · Cited by 10
Adaptability in new media
Virtanen, T. (2017) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2017.03.009 · Cited by 10
THE EFFECT OF PUBLIC FACADE CHARACTERISTICS ON CHANGING PEDESTRIAN BEHAVIORS
Kesici, N., & Erkan, N. (2023) · Journal of Architecture and Urbanism · doi:10.3846/jau.2023.17688 · Cited by 9
Memory Recall for Data Visualizations in Mixed Reality, Virtual Reality, 3D and 2D
Hurter, C., Rogowitz, B. E., Truong, G., Andry, T., Romat, H., Gardy, L., Amini, F., & Riche, N. H. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2023.3336588 · Cited by 13
Communicative AI and Techno-Semiotic Mediatization: Understanding the Communicative Role of the Machine
Bolin, G. (2024) · Human-Machine Communication · doi:10.30658/hmc.7.4 · Cited by 9
Artificial Intelligence in Journalism: A Narrative Review of Opportunities, Challenges, Ethical Tensions, and Human-Machine Collaboration
Abdulrauf, H., Lawal, A. A., Mba, A. N. U., Ademola, C., Yusuf, Z. B., Babatayo, S., & Ayinde, I. (2025) · American Journal of Arts and Human Science · doi:10.54536/ajahs.v4i4.5963 · Cited by 8
What Future? Which Technology? On the Problem of Describing Relevant Futures
Stahl, B. C. (2011) · IFIP International Federation for Information Processing/IFIP · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-21364-9_7 · Cited by 9
Final report on research gaps of space-based Arctic monitoring
Gabarró, C., Bertino, L., Bracher, A. U., Diehl, T., Dierking, W., Gambau, V. G., Hughes, N., Lavergne, T., Malnes, E., Scholze, M., et al. (2020) · DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) · doi:10.13039/501100000780

Authors: Norman, D. A.
Affiliations: Nielsen Norman Group
Corresponding author: Norman, Donald A.
ORCID: Norman, Donald A.
Venue: Interactions
Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Published: 1999-05
Volume: 6
Issue: 3
Pages: 38-43
ISSN: 1072-5520 (ISSN-L)
1558-3449
DOI: 10.1145/301153.301168
OpenAlex: W2091909921
Cited by: 2,040
References: 6
Citations by year: 2026: 122 · 2025: 137 · 2024: 116 · 2023: 88 · 2022: 182 · 2021: 130 · 2020: 101 · 2019: 101 · 2018: 122 · 2017: 110 · 2016: 104 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 84 · 2012: 63
FWCI: 20.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.acm.org/publications/policies/copyright_policy#Background (vor)
Locations: interactions (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Interactive and Immersive Displays
Keywords: affordances, design conventions, user interface design, usability, human-computer interaction

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Affordance, conventions, and design

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks