Affordance, conventions, and design

The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception

Bornstein, M. H., & Gibson, J. J. (1980) · The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism · doi:10.2307/429816 · Cited by 22,935

Untitled work

(1993) · Cited by 9,879

The Psychology of Everyday Things

Massaro, D. W., & Norman, D. A. (1990) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1423268 · Cited by 3,484

The Usability Engineering Lifecycle

NIELSEN, J. (1993) · Usability Engineering · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-052029-2.50007-3 · Cited by 2,657

Usability inspection methods

Nielsen, J. (1995) · Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '95 · doi:10.1145/223355.223730 · Cited by 2,620

Untitled work

(1977) · doi:10.4324/9781315740218-18

Semiotic engineering contributions for designing online help systems

Silveira, M. S., de Souza, C. S., & Barbosa, S. D. J. (2001) · ACM International Conference on Systems Documentation (SIGDOC) · doi:10.1145/501516.501523 · Cited by 23

Digital Occupational Health Systems: What Do Employees Think about it?

Yassaee, M., & Mettler, T. (2017) · Information Systems Frontiers · doi:10.1007/s10796-017-9795-6 · Cited by 26

Personal ICT Ensembles and Ubiquitous Information Systems Environments: Key Issues and Research Implications

Scheepers, R., & Middleton, C. A. (2013) · Communications of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1cais.03322 · Cited by 23

Multimedia Learning and Social Work Education

Ballantyne, N. (2008) · Social Work Education · doi:10.1080/02615470802201655 · Cited by 23

Analysing interaction problems with cyclic interaction theory: Low-level interaction walkthrough

Ryu, H. B., & Monk, A. F. (2004) · Cited by 23

Conversational interfaces for task-oriented spoken dialogues: design aspects influencing interaction quality

Niculescu, A. I. (2011) · doi:10.3990/1.9789075296006 · Cited by 23

Review of Learning in ICT-enabled Networks and CommunitiesPreprint

Ala-Mutka, K. (2009) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.2791/29644 · Cited by 23

Relational Religion

Tandberg, H. N. (2019) · Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht eBooks · doi:10.13109/9783666564741 · Cited by 22

Affordances of Item Formats and Their Effects on Test‐Taker Cognition under Uncertainty

Moon, J. A., Keehner, M., & Katz, I. R. (2018) · Educational Measurement Issues and Practice · doi:10.1111/emip.12229 · Cited by 22

Gratification matters? An explorative study of antecedents and consequence in livestream shopping

Zhang, J., Xu, Y., Dong, L., & Long, Q. (2023) · Industrial Management & Data Systems · doi:10.1108/imds-08-2022-0513 · Cited by 24

Adoption and Appropriation: A Design Process from HCI Research at a Brazilian Neurological Hospital

Anacleto, J. C., & Fels, S. (2013) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40480-1_22 · Cited by 22

Recent Developments in Technology-Enhanced Learning: A Critical Assessment

Steffens, K., Bannan, B., Dalgarno, B., Pina, A. R. B., González, V. E., & Cela-Ranilla, J. M. (2015) · RUSC Universities and Knowledge Society Journal · doi:10.7238/rusc.v12i2.2453 · Cited by 25

An ecological model of developing researcher competence: the case of software technology in doctoral research

Stelma, J. (2010) · Instructional Science · doi:10.1007/s11251-010-9132-7 · Cited by 22

The impact of human–robot multimodal communication on mental workload, usability preference, and expectations of robot behavior

Abich, J., & Barber, D. J. (2017) · Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces · doi:10.1007/s12193-016-0237-4 · Cited by 22

Affordance and Intuitive Interface Design for Elder Users with Dementia

Chen, L.-H., & Liu, Y. (2017) · Procedia CIRP · doi:10.1016/j.procir.2017.02.015 · Cited by 22

fiReproxies: A computational model providing insight into heat-affected archaeological lithic assemblages

Sorensen, A. C., & Scherjon, F. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0196777 · Cited by 22

Comparing Gamepad and Naturally-mapped Controller Effects on Perceived Virtual Reality Experiences

Ali, M., & Cardona-Rivera, R. E. (2020) · ACM Symposium on Applied Perception · doi:10.1145/3385955.3407923 · Cited by 22

The Psycho-criminology of Burial Sites: Developing the Winthropping Method for Locating Clandestine Burial Sites

Keatley, D. A., O’Donnell, C., Chapman, B., & Clarke, D. D. (2021) · Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology · doi:10.1007/s11896-021-09457-8 · Cited by 22

Beyond Digital Divide

Selwyn, N., & Facer, K. (2010) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-60566-699-0.ch001 · Cited by 23

Developing an Online Learning Community: A Strategy for Improving Lecturer and Student Learning Experiences

Khoo, E. (2010) · Research Commons (University of Waikato) · Cited by 22

Asking generative artificial intelligence the right questions improves writing performance

Cheng, Y., Fan, Y., Li, X., Chen, G., Gašević, D., & Swiecki, Z. (2025) · Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100374 · Cited by 21

Examining generative AI user disclosure intention: an ELM perspective

Zhou, T., & Wu, X. (2024) · Universal Access in the Information Society · doi:10.1007/s10209-024-01130-1 · Cited by 21

Impact of digital technology affordance on organizational resilience: An ambidextrous innovation perspective using a mixed-methods approach

Sun, Y., Mou, S., Zhu, M., & Jeyaraj, A. (2025) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115450 · Cited by 25

An analysis of teacher-defined activities with mobile technologies: predecessor and successor tool use in the classroom

Mifsud, L., Mørch, A. I., & Lieberg, S. (2012) · Learning Media and Technology · doi:10.1080/17439884.2012.655746 · Cited by 21

Pragmatic Design-Based Research – Designing as a Shared Activity of Teachers and Researches

Juuti, K., Lavonen, J., & Meisalo, V. P. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7808-5_3 · Cited by 21

From Transactions to Interactions: Social Considerations for Digital Money

Ferreira, J., & Perry, M. (2018) · Palgrave studies in digital business & enabling technologies · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-02330-0_8 · Cited by 21

Me and My Robot Smiled at One Another: The Process of Socially Enacted Communicative Affordance in Human-Machine Communication

Rodríguez-Hidalgo, C. (2020) · Human-Machine Communication · doi:10.30658/hmc.1.4 · Cited by 21

Amateur porn in Filipino Twitter alter community: affordances, commodification, ghettoization, and gay masculinity

Cao, R. J. D. (2021) · Media International Australia · doi:10.1177/1329878x211002845 · Cited by 26

Wildlife Affordances of Urban Infrastructure: A Framework to Understand Human-Wildlife Space Use

Niesner, C. A., Blakey, R. V., Blumstein, D. T., & Abelson, E. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Conservation Science · doi:10.3389/fcosc.2021.774137 · Cited by 21

Mediating learning with learning analytics technology: guidelines for practice

Farrell, T., Alani, H., & Mikroyannidis, A. (2022) · Teaching in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/13562517.2022.2067745 · Cited by 21

Evaluating Affordance-Based Opportunities: A Conjoint Experiment of Corporate Venture Capital Managers’ Decision-Making

Ademi, P., Schuhmacher, M. C., & Zacharakis, A. L. (2022) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/10422587221134788 · Cited by 21

Effects of narratives and information valence in digital headlines on user responses

Feng, G. C. (2024) · Asian Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/01292986.2024.2317308 · Cited by 22

Knowledge management technology-in-practice: a social constructionist analysis of the introduction and use of knowledge management systems

Venters, W. (2010) · Knowledge Management Research & Practice · doi:10.1057/kmrp.2010.8 · Cited by 21

Expertise in the Wired Wild West

White, J. I., & Palen, L. A. (2015) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/2675133.2675167 · Cited by 21

Approaching a Player Model of Game Story Comprehension Through Affordance in Interactive Narrative

Young, R. M., & Cardona-Rivera, R. E. (2011) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment · doi:10.1609/aiide.v7i2.12466 · Cited by 21

Paper Practices in Institutional Talk: How Financial Advisors Impress their Clients

Dolata, M., & Schwabe, G. (2017) · Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1007/s10606-017-9279-8 · Cited by 21

A Review of the Applications of Affordance Theory in mHealth App Research

Alshawmar, M. (2021) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2021.437 · Cited by 22

Playing with Constraints: Stylistic Variation with a Simple Electronic Instrument

Gurevich, M., Marquez-Borbon, A., & Stapleton, P. (2012) · Computer Music Journal · doi:10.1162/comj_a_00103 · Cited by 21

Using 3D Printing to Enhance Understanding and Engagement with Young Audiences: Lessons from Workshops in a Museum

Turner, H., Resch, G., Southwick, D., McEwen, R. N., Dubé, A. K., & Record, I. (2017) · Curator The Museum Journal · doi:10.1111/cura.12224 · Cited by 21

Human–Computer Interaction

Jung, Y., & Lee, K. M. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118783764.wbieme0140 · Cited by 21

Investigation of Relationships Between Embodiment Perceptions and Perceived Social Presence in Human–Robot Interactions

Sasser, J. A., McConnell, D. S., & Smither, J. A.-A. (2024) · International Journal of Social Robotics · doi:10.1007/s12369-024-01138-w · Cited by 22

Affordances of Shape-Changing Interfaces

Petersen, M. G., Rasmussen, M. K., & Trettvik, J. (2020) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3357236.3395521 · Cited by 20

Time counts? A two-wave panel study investigating the effects of WeChat affordances on social capital and well-being

Zhang, L., & Jung, E. H. (2022) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmac030 · Cited by 20

Exploring the relationship between afforded learning tasks and learning benefits in 3D virtual learning environments

Dalgarno, B., & Lee, M. J. W. (2012) · ASCILITE Publications · doi:10.14742/apubs.2012.1581 · Cited by 20

The Complexity of the Affordance–Ability Relationship When Second-Grade Children Interact with Mathematics Virtual Manipulative Apps

Tucker, S. I., Moyer‐Packenham, P. S., Westenskow, A., & Jordan, K. E. (2016) · Technology Knowledge and Learning · doi:10.1007/s10758-016-9276-x · Cited by 20

GIS mapping and analysis of behaviour in small urban public spaces

Ghavampour, E., Aguila, M. D., & Vale, B. (2017) · Area · doi:10.1111/area.12323 · Cited by 20

User Evaluation of Hand Gestures for Designing an Intelligent In-Vehicle Interface

Fariman, H. J., Alyamani, H. J., Kavakli, M., Dey, A., & Billinghurst, M. (2017) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59144-5_7 · Cited by 20

Going Digital in Ethnography: Navigating the Ethical Tensions and Productive Possibilities

Lester, J. N. (2020) · Culture Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies · doi:10.1177/1532708620936995 · Cited by 25

An exploration of motives and behavior across Facebook and Twitter

Spiliotopoulos, T., & Oakley, I. (2020) · Journal of Systems and Information Technology · doi:10.1108/jsit-12-2019-0258 · Cited by 20

Four ways of (mis-)conceiving embodiment in tool use

Osiurak, F., & Federico, G. (2020) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-020-02960-1 · Cited by 22

A communication overload scale for use with mobile instant messaging in work management

Bahri, S., Fauzi, A., & Ahmad, N. S. (2020) · Digital Business · doi:10.1016/j.digbus.2021.100003 · Cited by 20

Physical shortcuts for media remote controls

Ferscha, A., Vogl, S., Emsenhuber, B., & Wally, B. (2008) · Intelligent Technologies for Interactive Entertainment · doi:10.5555/1363200.1363212 · Cited by 20

Affordance-based agent model for road traffic simulation

Ksontini, F., Mandiau, R., Guessoum, Z., & Espié, S. (2014) · Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems · doi:10.1007/s10458-014-9269-x · Cited by 20

Designing Intuitive Interactions: Exploring Performance and Reflection Measures

Still, J. D., Still, M. L., & Grgic, J. E. (2014) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1093/iwc/iwu046 · Cited by 20

Educational interaction in distance learning.

Casarotti, M., Filipponi, L., Pieti, L., & Sartori, R. (2002) · Cited by 20

Social Agriculture: Examining the Affordances of Social Media for Agricultural Practices

Schoemaker, E., Talhouk, R., Kamanu, C., McDonaugh, E., McDonaugh, C., Casey, E., Wills, A., Richardson, F., & Donner, J. (2022) · ACM SIGCAS/SIGCHI Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies (COMPASS) · doi:10.1145/3530190.3534806 · Cited by 19

Weaving Fire into Form

Ullmer, B., Shaer, O., Mazalek, A., & Hummels, C. (2022) · ACM eBooks · doi:10.1145/3544564 · Cited by 19

Examining the longitudinal relationship between visibility and persistence on stress and technology-assisted supplemental work

van Zoonen, W., Sivunen, A. E., & Treem, J. W. (2022) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1093/hcr/hqac023 · Cited by 19

A Virtual Reality Scene Taxonomy: Identifying and Designing Accessible Scene-Viewing Techniques

Franz, R. L., Junuzovic, S., & Mott, M. E. (2023) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/3635142 · Cited by 22

Affordances and constraints of integrating esports into higher education from the perspectives of students and teachers: An ecological systems approach

Zhong, Y., Guo, K., & Chu, S. K. W. (2024) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-12482-9 · Cited by 24

Playful and Gameful Design for the Internet of Things

Coulton, P. (2015) · Gaming media and social effects · doi:10.1007/978-981-287-546-4_7 · Cited by 19

Fail Early, Fail Often: Towards Coherent Feedback Loops in Design Science Research Evaluation

Abraham, R., Aier, S., & Winter, R. (2014) · Alexandria (UniSG) (University of St.Gallen) · Cited by 19

Conversation, negotiation, and the word as deed: Linguistic interaction in a dual language program

DePalma, R. (2005) · Linguistics and Education · doi:10.1016/j.linged.2005.11.002 · Cited by 19

Live-action Communication Design: A Technical How-To Video Case Study

Eriksson, P. E., & Eriksson, Y. (2018) · Technical Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/10572252.2018.1528388 · Cited by 19

Troublesome Objects: Unpacking Ocular-Centrism in Urban Environments by Studying Blind Navigation Using Video Ethnography and Ethnomethodology

Due, B. L., & Lange, S. B. (2018) · Sociological Research Online · doi:10.1177/1360780418811963 · Cited by 19

From re-viewers to me-viewers: The #Bookstagram review sphere on Instagram and the uses of the perceived platform and genre affordances

Jaakkola, M. (2019) · Interactions Studies in Communication & Culture · doi:10.1386/iscc.10.1-2.91_1 · Cited by 19

The Psychosocial Reality of Digital Travel

Tjøstheim, I., & Waterworth, J. A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-91272-7 · Cited by 19

Evaluating findability of open educational resources from the perspective of users with disabilities: a preliminary approach

Navarrete, R., & Luján‐Mora, S. (2015) · International Conference on eDemocracy & eGovernment · doi:10.1109/icedeg.2015.7114457 · Cited by 19

Collaborative Affordances of Hybrid Patient Record Technologies in Medical Work

Houben, S., Frost, M. M., & Bardram, J. E. (2015) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/2675133.2675164 · Cited by 19

The role of action readiness in motivated behavior.

Suri, G., Sheppes, G., & Gross, J. J. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000114 · Cited by 20

A review-based conceptual analysis of auditory signs and their design

Mustonen, M.-S. (2008) · Cited by 19

Being in the Sky

Letondal, C., Vinot, J.-L., Pauchet, S., Boussiron, C., Rey, S., Becquet, V., & Lavenir, C. (2018) · International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction (TEI) · doi:10.1145/3173225.3173229 · Cited by 19

Representational unification in cognitive science: Is embodied cognition a unifying perspective?

Miłkowski, M., & Nowakowski, P. R. (2019) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-019-02445-w · Cited by 19

Network of Spaces and Interaction-Related Behaviors in Adult Intensive Care Units

Rashid, M., Boyle, D., & Crosser, M. (2014) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs4040487 · Cited by 19

Mobile Devices as Props in Daily Role Playing

Strom, G. (2002) · Personal and Ubiquitous Computing · doi:10.1007/s007790200032 · Cited by 19

Adjacent Possible

Björneborn, L. (2020) · The Palgrave Encyclopedia of the Possible · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-98390-5_100-1 · Cited by 18

Influencing robot influence

Ham, J. R. C. (2021) · Interaction Studies Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems · doi:10.1075/is.00012.ham · Cited by 19

Making Games

Werning, S. (2021) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/12421.001.0001 · Cited by 18

The sensitive nature of facial recognition: Tensions between the Swedish police and regulatory authorities1

Eneman, M., Ljungberg, J., Raviola, E., & Rolandsson, B. (2022) · Information Polity · doi:10.3233/ip-211538 · Cited by 18

Artificial intelligence in nurse education – a new sparring partner?

Krumsvik, R. J. (2024) · Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy · doi:10.18261/njdl.19.3.5 · Cited by 18

Using Design Critique as Research to Link Sustainability and Interactive Technologies

Blevis, E., Lim, Y.-K., Roedl, D., & Stolterman, E. (2007) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73257-0_3 · Cited by 18

How Useful is Braille Music?: A Critical Review

Park, H.-Y. (2015) · International Journal of Disability Development and Education · doi:10.1080/1034912x.2015.1020921 · Cited by 18

Choice Architecture and Design with Intent

Lockton, D., Harrison, D. J., & Stanton, N. A. (2009) · Electronic workshops in computing · doi:10.14236/ewic/ndm2009.59 · Cited by 18

Abilities and affordances: factors influencing successful child–tablet communication

Dubé, A. K., & McEwen, R. N. (2016) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-016-9493-y · Cited by 18

Building Artistic Computer Colleagues with an Enactive Model of Creativity

Davis, N. M., Popova, Y. B., Sysoev, I., Hsiao, C.-P., Zhang, D., & Magerko, B. S. (2014) · ICCC · Cited by 18

Saved by Design? The Case of Legal Protection by Design

Hildebrandt, M. (2017) · NanoEthics · doi:10.1007/s11569-017-0299-0 · Cited by 18

Representations as mediation between purposes as junior secondary science students learn about the human body

Olander, C., Wickman, P., Tytler, R., & Ingerman, Å. (2017) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500693.2017.1407464 · Cited by 18

Disaggregating a Mathematics Teacher’s Pedagogical Design Capacity

Leshota, M., & Adler, J. (2018) · ICME-13 monographs · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73253-4_5 · Cited by 18

Exploring Affordances Of Facebook As A Social Media Platform In Political Campaigning

Jensen, T. B., & Dyrby, S. (2013) · CBS Research Portal (Copenhagen Business School) · Cited by 18

Perspectives and issues of the creation for weblog‐based electronic portfolios in teacher education

Chuang, H. (2007) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2007.00748.x · Cited by 18

Material Significance of Tangibles for Young Children

Seo, J. H., Arita, J., Chu, S. L., Quek, F. K. H., & Aldriedge, S. (2015) · International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction (TEI) · doi:10.1145/2677199.2680583 · Cited by 18

Sensing device for measuring infants’ grasping actions

Maestro, M. D., Cecchi, F., Serio, S. M., Laschi, C., & Dario, P. (2010) · Sensors and Actuators A Physical · doi:10.1016/j.sna.2010.08.016 · Cited by 18

A Framework for the Evaluation of CASE Tool Learnability in Educational Environments

Senapathi, M. (2005) · Journal of Information Technology Education Research · doi:10.28945/265 · Cited by 18

‘Models of’ and ‘Models for’: On the Relation between Mechanistic Models and Experimental Strategies in Molecular Biology

Ratti, E. (2018) · The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1093/bjps/axy018 · Cited by 18

Understanding of computers and procrastination: A philosophical approach

Breems, N. S., & Basden, A. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.024 · Cited by 18

Toward Trustworthy Adjustable Autonomy in KAoS

Bradshaw, J. M., Jung, H., Kulkarni, S., Johnson, M., Feltovich, P. J., Allen, J. F., Bunch, L., Chambers, N., Galescu, L., Jeffers, R., et al. (2005) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/11532095_2 · Cited by 18

Emerging trends in global E-retailing: exploring the dark side of scan and go in-store technologies in consumer shopping journeys

Naeem, M. (2025) · International Marketing Review · doi:10.1108/imr-06-2023-0110 · Cited by 17

As you like it: Understanding the relationship between packing design and accessibility

Yoxall, A., Gonzalez-Sanchez, V. E., Best, J., Rodriguez‐Falcon, E., & Rowson, J. (2019) · Packaging Technology and Science · doi:10.1002/pts.2466 · Cited by 17

Creating and Testing a Sensory Well–Being Hub for Adolescents with Developmental Disabilities

Park, G., Nanda, U., Adams, L., Essary, J., & Hoelting, M. (2020) · Journal of Interior Design · doi:10.1111/joid.12164 · Cited by 17

The Hidden Language of Vibrators: A Politico-Ontological Reading

Hua, D. M., Jones, R., Bardzell, J., & Bardzell, S. (2022) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3532106.3533448 · Cited by 17

Donald A. Norman (1999), 'Affordance, Conventions, and Design', Interactions, 6, pp. 38-42.

Savirimuthu, J. (2016) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315243566-38

Conceptualizing design affordances from a cognitive perspective

Still, J. D. (2009) · doi:10.31274/etd-180810-2729 · Cited by 2

Affordances: Clarifying and Evolving a Concept

McGrenere, J., & Ho, W. H. (2000) · Graphics Interface · doi:10.20380/gi2000.24 · Cited by 491

Affordances, conventions, and metaphors in web design

Beliaev, A. (2014) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.3872.5840

Affordance based interaction design and its implications in systems design

신동민, 김남훈, & 류호경 (2012) · Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology)