Firefox Voice: An Open and Extensible Voice Assistant Built Upon the Web
Open accessAbstract
Voice assistants are fundamentally changing the way we access information. However, voice assistants still leverage little about the web beyond simple search results. We introduce Firefox Voice, a novel voice assistant built on the open web ecosystem with an aim to expand access to information available via voice. Firefox Voice is a browser extension that enables users to use their voice to perform actions such as setting timers, navigating the web, and reading a webpage’s content aloud. Through an iterative development process and use by over 12,000 active users, we find that users see voice as a way to accomplish certain browsing tasks efficiently, but struggle with discovering functionality and frequently discontinue use. We conclude by describing how Firefox Voice enables the development of novel, open web-powered voice-driven experiences.
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Talk2Care is intentionally designed to not provide health advice due to the concern about AI reliability in healthcare.
“Talk2Care is intentionally designed to not provide health advice due to the concern about AI reliability in healthcare [24,55,82].”
From Talk2Care: An LLM-based Voice Assistant for Communication between Healthcare Providers and Older Adults (2024) · cites this paper as [24]
Section 2.1 discusses general voice-assistant limitations, including speech-recognition errors, while Section 3.3.1 discusses privacy concerns. Neither addresses Talk2Care, its decision not to provide health advice, or AI reliability in healthcare; searches for those topics found no relevant passage. Page numbers were not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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Dang, H., Lafreniere, B., Grossman, T., Todi, K., & Li, M. (2025) · ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) · doi:10.1145/3708359.3712164 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Supporting Natural Language Interaction with the Web
Báez, M., Cappiello, C., Cutrupi, C. M., Matera, M., Possaghi, I., Pucci, E., Spadone, G., & Pasquale, A. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-09917-5_26 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Chan, S., Li, J., Yao, B., Mahmood, A., Huang, C., Jimison, H. B., Mynatt, E. D., & Wang, D. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3757442 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The Voice of Endo: Leveraging Speech for an Intelligent System That Can Forecast Illness Flare-ups
Pichon, A., Blumberg, J. R., Mamykina, L., & Elhadad, N. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714040 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Generating voice user interfaces from web sites
Ripa, G., Torre, M., Urbieta, M., Rossi, G. H., Fernández, A., Tacuri, A., & Firmenich, S. (2023) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2023.2272192 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Conversational Web Browsing: Where Do Existing DesignGuidelines Fall Short?
Piro, L., Verma, H., & Matera, M. (2025) · Biannual Conference of the Italian SIGCHI Chapter (CHItaly) · doi:10.1145/3750069.3750161 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Esposito, A., Lanzilotti, R., Matera, M., Piccinno, A., Piro, L., Pucci, E., & Ragone, G. (2026) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2659951 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Didactic Resources for the Visually Impaired: A Systematic Review of the Literature
de Lemos, D. M., Bärwaldt, R., & Rocha, C. R. (2023) · IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) · doi:10.1109/fie58773.2023.10343413 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Prospects for Voice-Activated Robotic Assistants
Andreev, D. (2024) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-37978-9_32 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Voice Controlled Operations and Navigations for e-Commerce
Kalangutkar, A., Yadav, R., Hadapad, P. S., Naik, V. V., Menezes, V., & Sawant, S. (2023) · International Conference on Networks, Multimedia and Information Technology (NMITCON) · doi:10.1109/nmitcon58196.2023.10276232 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Survey on Personalized Voice Assistant
Srikrishnan, S., Pushparaj, A., Suresh, A., Nair, A. K., George, T., & Sharika, T. R. (2024) · IEEE Recent Advances in Intelligent Computational Systems · doi:10.1109/raics61201.2024.10690100 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kembellec, G. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2111.05039
International Conference on Recent and Future Trends in Smart Electronics System and Manufacturing
Kotecha, K. V., Shah, P., Kshirsagar, U., Nandan, D., & Kantipudi, M. V. V. P. (2023) · doi:10.13052/rp-9788770229852
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Leveraging LLMs for Voice-Based form Filling on the Web: The ConWeb Approach
Piro, L., Fede, G. D., Pucci, E., Tolomeo, S., & Matera, M. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-97207-2_29
Serverless Visual Voice Assistant Widget for Website Integration
Gumerov, R., & Isaev, R. (2026) · International Conference on Electronics, Computer and Computation · doi:10.1109/icecco67619.2026.11488758
Voice User Interfaces at the Intersection of Speech Recognition, NLP and HCI: A Systematic Review
Upama, S. S., & Siddiqua, M. (2026) · IEEE International Conference on Quantum Photonics, Artificial Intelligence & Networking (QPAIN) · doi:10.1109/qpain69676.2026.11546434
Piro, L., Candello, H. C. D. S. P., Matera, M., & Murad, C. (2026) · ACM Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (CUI) · doi:10.1145/3816046.3816323
Human-Like and Male? How AI Assistant Design Relates to Trust and Monetary Reward at Work in VR
Cuber, I., Alakmeh, T., Hausfeld, M. M., Zelderen, A. P. A. V., Jenny, M., Menges, J. I., & Fritz, T. (2026) · Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3829807.3829910
- Authors
- Cambre, J., Williams, A. C., Razi, A., Bicking, I., Wallin, A., Tsai, J., Kulkarni, C., & Kaye, J.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
- University of Central Florida (US)
- Emerging Technologies Mozilla, United States
- Mozilla, United States
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2021-05-06
- Pages
- 1-18
- OpenAlex
- W3160029355
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 3.12
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- University of California, Santa Cruz
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Speech and dialogue systems
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Mobile and Web Applications
- Keywords
- voice assistants, browser extension, web accessibility, voice user interface, web browsing, text-to-speech, open web, user experience, product discontinuation, Firefox
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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