The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An improved illumination model for shaded display
Open accessAbstract
To accurately render a two-dimensional image of a three-dimensional scene, global illumination information that affects the intensity of each pixel of the image must be known at the time the intensity is calculated. In a simplified form, this information is stored in a tree of “rays” extending from the viewer to the first surface encountered and from there to other surfaces and to the light sources. A visible surface algorithm creates this tree for each pixel of the display and passes it to the shader. The shader then traverses the tree to determine the intensity of the light received by the viewer. Consideration of all of these factors allows the shader to accurately simulate true reflection, shadows, and refraction, as well as the effects simulated by conventional shaders. Anti-aliasing is included as an integral part of the visibility calculations. Surfaces displayed include curved as well as polygonal surfaces.
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Cites
Illumination for computer generated pictures
Phong, B. T. (1975) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/360825.360839 · Cited by 3,000
Recursively generated B-spline surfaces on arbitrary topological meshes
Catmull, E., & Clark, J. (1978) · Computer-Aided Design · doi:10.1016/0010-4485(78)90110-0 · Cited by 2,018
Models of light reflection for computer synthesized pictures
Blinn, J. F. (1977) · Proceedings of the 4th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques · doi:10.1145/563858.563893 · Cited by 975
Hierarchical geometric models for visible surface algorithms
Clark, J. H. (1976) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/360349.360354 · Cited by 778
Texture and reflection in computer generated images
Blinn, J. F., & Newell, M. E. (1976) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/360349.360353 · Cited by 772
A subdivision algorithm for computer display of curved surfaces.
Catmull, E. E. (1974) · Cited by 715
Simulation of wrinkled surfaces
Blinn, J. F. (1978) · Proceedings of the 5th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques · doi:10.1145/800248.507101 · Cited by 708
A survey of techniques for the display of continuous tone pictures on bilevel displays
Jarvis, J. F., Judice, C. N., & Ninke, W. H. (1976) · Computer Graphics and Image Processing · doi:10.1016/s0146-664x(76)80003-2 · Cited by 564
Goldstein, R. A., & Nagel, R. N. (1971) · SIMULATION · doi:10.1177/003754977101600104 · Cited by 145
Cited by
Solvent-Accessible Surfaces of Proteins and Nucleic Acids
Connolly, M. L. (1983) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6879170 · Cited by 2,745
Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fields
Barron, J. T., Mildenhall, B., Tancik, M., Hedman, P., Martin-Brualla, R., & Srinivasan, P. P. (2021) · 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv48922.2021.00580 · Cited by 1,921
Efficient ray tracing of volume data
Levoy, M. (1990) · ACM Transactions on Graphics · doi:10.1145/78964.78965 · Cited by 991
A Real-Time Visual Inspection System for Discrete Surface Defects of Rail Heads
Li, Q., & Ren, S. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement · doi:10.1109/tim.2012.2184959 · Cited by 299
An ambient light illumination model
Zhukov, S., Iones, A., & Kronin, G. (1998) · Eurographics · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6453-2_5 · Cited by 259
Metadata
- Authors
- Whitted, T.
- Venue
- Communications of the ACM
- Published
- 1980-06
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 343-349
- ISSN
- 0001-0782 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7317
- OpenAlex
- W1982661771
- Cited by
- 1,768
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 28.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
