Diffusion-Based Visual Art Creation: A Survey and New Perspectives
Open accessAbstract
The integration of generative AI in visual art has revolutionized not only how visual content is created but also how AI interacts with and reflects the underlying domain knowledge. This survey explores the emerging realm of diffusion-based visual art creation, examining its development from both artistic and technical perspectives. We structure the survey into three phases: data feature and framework identification, detailed analyses using a structured coding process, and open-ended prospective outlooks. Our findings reveal how artistic requirements are transformed into technical challenges and highlight the design and application of diffusion-based methods within visual art creation. We also provide insights into future directions from technical and synergistic perspectives, suggesting that the confluence of generative AI and art has shifted the creative paradigm and opened up new possibilities. By summarizing the development and trends of this emerging interdisciplinary area, we aim to shed light on the mechanisms through which AI systems emulate and, possibly, enhance human capacities in artistic perception and creativity.
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The cross-disciplinary application of AIGC tools showed particularly strong results in collaborative learning environments, with a 37% increase in interdisciplinary project outcomes compared to traditional approaches.
“The cross-disciplinary application of AIGC tools showed particularly strong results in collaborative learning environments, with a 37% increase in interdisciplinary project outcomes compared to traditional approaches40.”
From Integrating AI-generated content tools in higher education: a comparative analysis of interdisciplinary learning outcomes (2025) · cites this paper as [40]
Section 3.1.3 mentions a review of AIGC in education, and Section 3.2.3 discusses integrating art into science education. Neither reports results for AIGC tools in collaborative learning or a 37% increase in interdisciplinary project outcomes. Searches for “37%” and interdisciplinary project outcomes found no matching result in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOur 17.2% improvement with AIGC tools suggests superior efficacy compared to conventional learning management systems and multimedia tools, though the gap narrows when comparing to adaptive learning platforms (15% improvement).
“Our 17.2% improvement with AIGC tools suggests superior efficacy compared to conventional learning management systems and multimedia tools, though the gap narrows when comparing to adaptive learning platforms (15% improvement)40.”
From Integrating AI-generated content tools in higher education: a comparative analysis of interdisciplinary learning outcomes (2025) · cites this paper as [40]
Section 3.1.3 mentions a review of AIGC in education but gives no learning-outcome comparisons. Searches for 17.2%, 15%, learning management systems, multimedia tools, and adaptive learning platforms found no passage supporting the attributed comparison; the cited paper focuses on visual art creation. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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Self-citationPainterly Image Harmonization using Diffusion Model
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An Overview of Diffusion Models: Applications, Guided Generation, Statistical Rates and OptimizationPreprint
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Diffusion Based Augmentation for Captioning and Retrieval in Cultural Heritage
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From Expanded Cinema to Extended Reality: How AI Can Expand and Extend Cinematic Experiences
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Self-citationTransformation vs Tradition: Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) for Arts and HumanitiesPreprint
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The ArtBench Dataset: Benchmarking Generative Models with ArtworksPreprint
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Automatic Controllable Colorization via Imagination
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Self-citationAI-Generated Content (AIGC) for Various Data Modalities: A SurveyPreprint
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A diffusion probabilistic model for traditional Chinese landscape painting super-resolution
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CoARF: Controllable 3D Artistic Style Transfer for Radiance Fields
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Ordered Attention for Coherent Visual Storytelling
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Editing Motion Graphics Video via Motion Vectorization and Transformation
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Future Ink: The Collision of AI and Chinese Calligraphy
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MagicScroll: Enhancing Immersive Storytelling with Controllable Scroll Image Generation
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RenAIssance: A Survey into AI Text-to-Image Generation in the Era of Large ModelPreprint
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Self-citationA Survey of Diffusion Based Image Generation Models: Issues and Their SolutionsPreprint
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Self-citationCreativeSeg: Semantic Segmentation of Creative Sketches
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Naturality: A Natural Reflection of Chinese Calligraphy
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Self-citationInteractive3D: Create What You Want by Interactive 3D Generation
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Self-citationU-VAP: User-specified Visual Appearance Personalization via Decoupled Self Augmentation
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StyleAdapter: A Unified Stylized Image Generation ModelPreprint
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RealmDreamer: Text-Driven 3D Scene Generation with Inpainting and Depth DiffusionPreprint
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DiffStyler: Controllable Dual Diffusion for Text-Driven Image StylizationPreprint
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Overview of Artificial Intelligence Painting Development and Some Related Model Application
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ZipLoRA: Any Subject in Any Style by Effectively Merging LoRAsPreprint
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Portrait Diffusion: Training-free Face Stylization with Chain-of-PaintingPreprint
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Mastering Text-to-Image Diffusion: Recaptioning, Planning, and Generating with Multimodal LLMsPreprint
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ARtVista: Gateway To Empower Anyone Into Artist
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Ink Harmony: An AI- and VR-enhanced System for Calligraphy Education
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Self-citationCreative Text-to-Image Generation: Suggestions for a Benchmark
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Real-Time 3D Artistic Rendering System
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Everyone Can Be Picasso? A Computational Framework into the Myth of Human versus AI PaintingPreprint
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Simonstown: An AI-facilitated Interactive Story of Love, Life, and Pandemic
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Self-citationEvaluating Text-to-Visual Generation with Image-to-Text GenerationPreprint
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Ciallo: GPU-Accelerated Rendering of Vector Brush Strokes
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Replication in Visual Diffusion Models: A Survey and Outlook
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Visual Anagrams: Generating Multi-View Optical Illusions with Diffusion ModelsPreprint
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Brain-Conditional Multimodal Synthesis: A Survey and TaxonomyPreprint
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EmoGen: Emotional Image Content Generation with Text-to-Image Diffusion ModelsPreprint
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Dynamic Typography: Bringing Text to Life via Video Diffusion Prior
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ID-Aligner: Enhancing Identity-Preserving Text-to-Image Generation with Reward Feedback LearningPreprint
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SonicDiffusion: Audio-Driven Image Generation and Editing with Pretrained Diffusion ModelsPreprint
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Wired Perspectives: Multi-View Wire Art Embraces Generative AIPreprint
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Layout-to-Image Generation with Localized Descriptions using ControlNet with Cross-Attention ControlPreprint
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Transparent Image Layer Diffusion using Latent TransparencyPreprint
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U-VAP: User-specified Visual Appearance Personalization via Decoupled Self AugmentationPreprint
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Strictly-ID-Preserved and Controllable Accessory Advertising Image GenerationPreprint
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Automatic Controllable Colorization via ImaginationPreprint
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CoARF: Controllable 3D Artistic Style Transfer for Radiance FieldsPreprint
Zhang, D., Fernandez-Labrador, C., & Schroers, C. (2024) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2404.14967 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
GLoD: Composing Global Contexts and Local Details in Image GenerationPreprint
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Interactive3D: Create What You Want by Interactive 3D GenerationPreprint
Dong, S., Ding, L., Huang, Z., et al. (2024) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2404.16510 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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- Hong-Xing Yu, Haoyi Duan, Junhwa Hur, Kyle Sargent, Michael Rubinstein, William T. Freeman, Forrester Cole, Deqing Sun, Noah Snavely, Jiajun Wu, et al. 2023. WonderJourney: Going from anywhere to everywhere. arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.03884 (2023). · arXiv
- Chenshuang Zhang, Chaoning Zhang, Mengchun Zhang, and In So Kweon. 2023. Text-to-image diffusion model in generative AI: A survey. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.07909 (2023). · arXiv
- Han Zhang, Ian Goodfellow, Dimitris Metaxas, and Augustus Odena. 2019. Self-attention generative adversarial networks. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning. 7354-7363.
- Yinhan Zhang, Yue Ma, Bingyuan Wang, Qifeng Chen, and Zeyu Wang. 2025. MagicColor: Multi-instance sketch colorization. arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.16948 (2025). · arXiv
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Yan, Z., & Qianjun, T. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-10941-y · Cited by 21 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wang, B., Chen, Q., & Wang, Z.
- Affiliations
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HK)
- Venue
- ACM Computing Surveys
- Published
- 2025-05-07
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1-37
- ISSN
- 0360-0300 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7341
- OpenAlex
- W4409182016
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 175
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 18
- FWCI
- 14.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- ACM Computing Surveys (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Guangzhou Basic Research (2024A04J4229)
- Guangzhou Education Bureau (2024312075)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design › Digital Media and Visual Art
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Visual Arts and Performing Arts › Art, Technology, and Culture
- Keywords
- diffusion models, generative AI, visual art creation, AI-generated art, creative process, artistic perception, computational creativity, image generation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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