The DOI matches its Crossref record; 225 of the 225 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Health Benefits
Open accessAbstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) include α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3 ω-3), stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4 ω-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 ω-3), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 22:5 ω-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 ω-3). In the past few decades, many epidemiological studies have been conducted on the myriad health benefits of omega-3 PUFAs. In this review, we summarized the structural features, properties, dietary sources, metabolism, and bioavailability of omega-3 PUFAs and their effects on cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, depression, visual and neurological development, and maternal and child health. Even though many health benefits of omega-3 PUFAs have been reported in the literature, there are also some controversies about their efficacy and certain benefits to human health.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Both species are rich sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including γ-linolenic acid (18:3 ω-6), arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4 ω-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 ω-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 ω-3), and their protein content can reach 600–710 g/kg of dry biomass (Shahidi and Ambigaipalan, 2018; Sinetova et al., 2024).”
From Microalgae biotechnology and its role in sustainable and healthy food design (2025) · cites this paper as Shahidi and Ambigaipalan, 2018
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Both species are rich sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including γ-linolenic acid (18:3 ω-6), arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4 ω-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 ω-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 ω-3), and their protein content can reach 600–710 g/kg of dry biomass (Shahidi and Ambigaipalan, 2018; Sinetova et al., 2024).”
From Microalgae biotechnology and its role in sustainable and healthy food design (2025) · cites this paper as Shahidi and Ambigaipalan, 2018
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Miletzki, B., & Gleiter, C. H. (2005) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-005-1024-7 · Cited by 9,401
The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids
Simopoulos, A. P. (2002) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/s0753-3322(02)00253-6 · Cited by 4,286
Fish Consumption, Fish Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Cardiovascular Disease
Kris-Etherton, P. M., Harris, W. S., & Appel, L. J. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000038493.65177.94 · Cited by 3,707
Burr, M. L., Gilbert, J. F., Holliday, R. M., Elwood, P. C., Fehily, A. M., Rogers, S., Sweetnam, P. M., & Deadman, N. M. (1989) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90828-3 · Cited by 2,610
Executive Summary: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2016 Update
Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., Das, S. R., de Ferranti, S. D., Després, J., Fullerton, H. J., et al. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000366 · Cited by 2,563
Yokoyama, M., Origasa, H., Matsuzaki, M., Matsuzawa, Y., Saito, Y., Ishikawa, Y., Oikawa, S., Sasaki, J., Hishida, H., Itakura, H., et al. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60527-3 · Cited by 2,516
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease
Mozaffarian, D., & Wu, J. H. Y. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.063 · Cited by 1,771
GISSI-HF investigators (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61239-8 · Cited by 1,350
Importance of n−3 fatty acids in health and disease
Connor, W. E. (2000) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.1.171s · Cited by 1,348
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- Beckermann B, 1990, Arzneimittel-Forschung, 40, 700
- Bimbo AP, 1990, Fish Oils in Nutrition, 141
- Dietit. Can., 2013, Food Sources of Omega-3 Fats
- Hansen JB, 1993, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 47, 497
- Hartweg J, 2008, Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 1, CD003205
- MacLean CH, 2004, Evid. Rep. Technol. Assess. (Summ.), 89, 1
- Moorthy B, 2017, FASEB J, 31, 1067
- Mozurkewich EL, 2013, Am. J. Obstetr. Gynecol., 208, 313
- Park MK, 2017, FASEB J, 31, 168
- Senanayake SPJN, 2006, Nutraceutical and Speciality Lipids and their Co-Products, 251
- Wakil A, 2010, Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 19, 499
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Inflammation and nutrition: friend or foe?
Stumpf, F., Keller, B., Gressies, C., & Schuetz, P. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15051159 · Cited by 213
Microalgae as Sources of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Biotechnological Aspects
Barta, D. G., Coman, V., & Vodnar, D. C. (2021) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2021.102410 · Cited by 178
Gaitán, J. M., Moon, H. Y., Stremlau, M., Dubal, D. B., Cook, D. B., Okonkwo, O. C., & van Praag, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.660181 · Cited by 160
Advances in bioconversion of spent tea leaves to value-added products
Negi, T., Kumar, Y., Sirohi, R., Singh, S., Tarafdar, A., Pareek, S., Kumar Awasthi, M., & Alok Sagar, N. (2022) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126409 · Cited by 95
A review on machine learning approaches for microalgae cultivation systems
Syed, T., Krujatz, F., Ihadjadene, Y., Mühlstädt, G., Hamedi, H., Mädler, J., & Urbas, L. (2024) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108248 · Cited by 92
Metadata
- Authors
- Shahidi, F., & Ambigaipalan, P.
- Affiliations
- Memorial University of Newfoundland (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Shahidi, Fereidoon
- Venue
- Annual Review of Food Science and Technology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2018-03-25
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 345-381
- ISSN
- 1941-1421 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-1413
- OpenAlex
- W2768855358
- Cited by
- 1,390
- References
- 225
- Citations by year
- 2026: 152 · 2025: 230 · 2024: 230 · 2023: 224 · 2022: 209 · 2021: 176 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 16
- FWCI
- 10.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Food Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Keywords
- omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, food sources, fatty acid metabolism, bioavailability, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, depression, visual development, brain development, maternal and child health
- MeSH terms
- Biological Availability, Fish Oils, Food, Humans, Preventive Medicine, Molecular Structure, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Functional Food, Aquatic Organisms
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
