Double-Stranded RNA Sensors and Modulators in Innate Immunity

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Modulation of microRNA processing and expression through RNA editing by ADAR deaminases

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The role of PACT in the RNA silencing pathway

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LGP2 is a positive regulator of RIG-I– and MDA5-mediated antiviral responses

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Redirection of Silencing Targets by Adenosine-to-Inosine Editing of miRNAs

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Structural Basis for the Activation of Innate Immune Pattern-Recognition Receptor RIG-I by Viral RNA

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Small self-RNA generated by RNase L amplifies antiviral innate immunity

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The RNA-Editing Enzyme ADAR1 Controls Innate Immune Responses to RNA

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Mitochondrial double-stranded RNA triggers antiviral signalling in humans

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Dynamic landscape and regulation of RNA editing in mammals

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DICER1 deficit induces Alu RNA toxicity in age-related macular degeneration

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DHX9 suppresses RNA processing defects originating from the Alu invasion of the human genome

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Gain-of-function mutations in IFIH1 cause a spectrum of human disease phenotypes associated with upregulated type I interferon signaling

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DICER1 loss and Alu RNA induce age-related macular degeneration via the NLRP3 inflammasome and MyD88

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Human ADAR1 Prevents Endogenous RNA from Triggering Translational Shutdown

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A third member of the RNA-specific adenosine deaminase gene family, ADAR3, contains both single- and double-stranded RNA binding domains

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Isoforms of RNA-Editing Enzyme ADAR1 Independently Control Nucleic Acid Sensor MDA5-Driven Autoimmunity and Multi-organ Development

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Liver Disintegration in the Mouse Embryo Caused by Deficiency in the RNA-editing Enzyme ADAR1

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ADAR1 is essential for the maintenance of hematopoiesis and suppression of interferon signaling

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PACT, a protein activator of the interferon‐induced protein kinase, PKR

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Exosome RNA Unshielding Couples Stromal Activation to Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling in Cancer

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Breaching Self-Tolerance to Alu Duplex RNA Underlies MDA5-Mediated Inflammation

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Structural basis of RNA recognition and activation by innate immune receptor RIG-I

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The RNA Sensor RIG-I Dually Functions as an Innate Sensor and Direct Antiviral Factor for Hepatitis B Virus

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Antiviral RNA Interference in Mammalian Cells

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Ubiquitin-Induced Oligomerization of the RNA Sensors RIG-I and MDA5 Activates Antiviral Innate Immune Response

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Loss of DExD/H Box RNA Helicase LGP2 Manifests Disparate Antiviral Responses

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DDX1, DDX21, and DHX36 Helicases Form a Complex with the Adaptor Molecule TRIF to Sense dsRNA in Dendritic Cells

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Structure of the Human cGAS–DNA Complex Reveals Enhanced Control of Immune Surveillance

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Cytosolic Viral Sensor RIG-I Is a 5'-Triphosphate–Dependent Translocase on Double-Stranded RNA

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Nlrp9b inflammasome restricts rotavirus infection in intestinal epithelial cells

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Mechanistic Link between PKR Dimerization, Autophosphorylation, and eIF2α Substrate Recognition

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RNA Interference Functions as an Antiviral Immunity Mechanism in Mammals

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NF-κB Activation by Double-Stranded-RNA-Activated Protein Kinase (PKR) Is Mediated through NF-κB-Inducing Kinase and IκB Kinase

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Critical Role of an Antiviral Stress Granule Containing RIG-I and PKR in Viral Detection and Innate Immunity

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ADAR1 Forms a Complex with Dicer to Promote MicroRNA Processing and RNA-Induced Gene Silencing

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Structural basis for ubiquitin-mediated antiviral signal activation by RIG-I

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Cooperative assembly and dynamic disassembly of MDA5 filaments for viral dsRNA recognition

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Nlrp6 regulates intestinal antiviral innate immunity

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Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing and human disease

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Dicer-TRBP Complex Formation Ensures Accurate Mammalian MicroRNA Biogenesis

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DDX60, a DEXD/H Box Helicase, Is a Novel Antiviral Factor Promoting RIG-I-Like Receptor-Mediated Signaling

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Activation of RNase L is dependent on OAS3 expression during infection with diverse human viruses

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hiCLIP reveals the in vivo atlas of mRNA secondary structures recognized by Staufen 1

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Antiviral Activity of Human OASL Protein Is Mediated by Enhancing Signaling of the RIG-I RNA Sensor

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Autoimmune Disorders Associated with Gain of Function of the Intracellular Sensor MDA5

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The Innate Immune Sensor LGP2 Activates Antiviral Signaling by Regulating MDA5-RNA Interaction and Filament Assembly

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Viral unmasking of cellular 5S rRNA pseudogene transcripts induces RIG-I-mediated immunity

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RNA recognition by double-stranded RNA binding domains: a matter of shape and sequence

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MDA5 Detects the Double-Stranded RNA Replicative Form in Picornavirus-Infected Cells

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Structure of Human DROSHA

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Molecular Imprinting as a Signal-Activation Mechanism of the Viral RNA Sensor RIG-I

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PKR Senses Nuclear and Mitochondrial Signals by Interacting with Endogenous Double-Stranded RNAs

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How RIG-I like receptors activate MAVS

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The Solution Structure of the ADAR2 dsRBM-RNA Complex Reveals a Sequence-Specific Readout of the Minor Groove

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Human TRBP and PACT Directly Interact with Each Other and Associate with Dicer to Facilitate the Production of Small Interfering RNA

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RIG-I Forms Signaling-Competent Filaments in an ATP-Dependent, Ubiquitin-Independent Manner

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Structures of human ADAR2 bound to dsRNA reveal base-flipping mechanism and basis for site selectivity

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Rewriting the transcriptome: adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing by ADARs

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TAR RNA-binding protein is an inhibitor of the interferon-induced protein kinase PKR.

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Cryo-EM Structure of Human Dicer and Its Complexes with a Pre-miRNA Substrate

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DEAD-box helicases as integrators of RNA, nucleotide and protein binding

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Activation of the IκBα kinase (IKK) complex by double-stranded RNA-binding defective and catalytic inactive mutants of the interferon-inducible protein kinase PKR

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Emerging roles of DROSHA beyond primary microRNA processing

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Activation of Protein Kinase PKR Requires Dimerization-induced cis-Phosphorylation within the Activation Loop

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Establishing the role of ATP for the function of the RIG-I innate immune sensor

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‘Black sheep’ that don’t leave the double-stranded RNA-binding domain fold

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Helicase proteins DHX29 and RIG-I cosense cytosolic nucleic acids in the human airway system

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The interaction between the helicase DHX33 and IPS-1 as a novel pathway to sense double-stranded RNA and RNA viruses in myeloid dendritic cells

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How do ADARs bind RNA? New protein‐RNA structures illuminate substrate recognition by the RNA editing ADARs

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DDX58 and Classic Singleton-Merten Syndrome

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Altered Activation of Protein Kinase PKR and Enhanced Apoptosis in Dystonia Cells Carrying a Mutation in PKR Activator Protein PACT

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Detection of double-stranded RNA-protein interactions by methylene blue-mediated photo-crosslinking.

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The nucleocapsid proteins of mouse hepatitis virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus share the same IFN-β antagonizing mechanism: attenuation of PACT-mediated RIG-I/MDA5 activation

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Molecular Framework for the Activation of RNA-dependent Protein Kinase

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Filament assemblies in foreign nucleic acid sensors

Sohn, J., & Hur, S. (2016) · Current Opinion in Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2016.01.011 · Cited by 55

Increased interaction between PACT molecules in response to stress signals is required for PKR activation

Singh, M., & Patel, R. C. (2012) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.24152 · Cited by 53

Specific Recognition of HIV TAR RNA by the dsRNA Binding Domains (dsRBD1–dsRBD2) of PKR

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DDX3 directly regulates TRAF3 ubiquitination and acts as a scaffold to co-ordinate assembly of signalling complexes downstream from MAVS

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PACT- and RIG-I-Dependent Activation of Type I Interferon Production by a Defective Interfering RNA Derived from Measles Virus Vaccine

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PACT Facilitates RNA-Induced Activation of MDA5 by Promoting MDA5 Oligomerization

Lui, P., Wong, L.-Y. R., Ho, T., Au, S. W. N., Chan, C., Kok, K., & Jin, D. (2017) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1601493 · Cited by 52

RNA sensor LGP2 inhibits TRAF ubiquitin ligase to negatively regulate innate immune signaling

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Analysis of High-Affinity Binding of Protein Kinase R to Double-Stranded RNA

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LGP2 virus sensor regulates gene expression network mediated by TRBP-bound microRNAs

Takahashi, T., Nakano, Y., Onomoto, K., Murakami, F., Komori, C., Suzuki, Y., Yoneyama, M., & Ui‐Tei, K. (2018) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gky575 · Cited by 51

Dissecting the roles of TRBP and PACT in double‐stranded RNA recognition and processing of noncoding RNAs

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Stress-induced TRBP phosphorylation enhances its interaction with PKR to regulate cellular survival

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DHX29 functions as an RNA co-sensor for MDA5-mediated EMCV-specific antiviral immunity

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RNase L downmodulation of the RNA-binding protein, HuR, and cellular growth

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Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19

Blanco-Melo, D., Nilsson-Payant, B. E., Liu, W.-C., Uhl, S., Hoagland, D., Møller, R., Jordan, T. X., Oishi, K., Panis, M., Sachs, D., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.026 · Cited by 4,222

Mitochondrial control of inflammation

Marchi, S., Guilbaud, E., Tait, S. W. G., Yamazaki, T., & Galluzzi, L. (2023) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-022-00760-x · Cited by 1,027

Lipid nanoparticles enhance the efficacy of mRNA and protein subunit vaccines by inducing robust T follicular helper cell and humoral responses

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Immune response, inflammation, and the clinical spectrum of COVID-19

García, L. F. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01441 · Cited by 739

Untitled work

Lee (2019) · doi:10.1038/s12276-019-0299-y · Cited by 635

Toward unraveling molecular grammars for dsRNA-binding proteins: substrate recognition to binding mechanisms

Jeon, J., & Kim, Y. (2025) · BMB Reports · doi:10.5483/bmbrep.2025-0067 · Cited by 1

Sensores de ARN de cadena doble en la inmunidad innata

García Japón, B. (2021) · idUS (Universidad de Sevilla)

Sensing of double-stranded RNA in human cells: molecular mechanisms and cellular consequences

Cieslicka, J., Pianka, K., Drążkowska, K., & Sikorski, P. J. (2026) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20250259 · Cited by 2

Multi-level regulation of cellular recognition of viral dsRNA

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dsRNA Sensing During Viral Infection: Lessons from Plants, Worms, Insects, and Mammals

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