Cited by 148Neural dynamics and brain functionNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchMultisensory perception and integration

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Neocortical Layer 1: An Elegant Solution to Top-Down and Bottom-Up Integration

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Schuman, Benjamin, Dellal, Shlomo, Prönneke, Alvar, Machold, Robert, Rudy, Bernardo·2021·Annual Review of Neuroscience

DOI 10.1146/annurev-neuro-100520-012117PMC PMC9012327

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Abstract

Many of our daily activities, such as riding a bike to work or reading a book in a noisy cafe, and highly skilled activities, such as a professional playing a tennis match or a violin concerto, depend upon the ability of the brain to quickly make moment-to-moment adjustments to our behavior in response to the results of our actions. Particularly, they depend upon the ability of the neocortex to integrate the information provided by the sensory organs (bottom-up information) with internally generated signals such as expectations or attentional signals (top-down information). This integration occurs in pyramidal cells (PCs) and their long apical dendrite, which branches extensively into a dendritic tuft in layer 1 (L1). The outermost layer of the neocortex, L1 is highly conserved across cortical areas and species. Importantly, L1 is the predominant input layer for top-down information, relayed by a rich, dense mesh of long-range projections that provide signals to the tuft branches of the PCs. Here, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of the composition of L1 and review evidence that L1 processing contributes to functions such as sensory perception, cross-modal integration, controlling states of consciousness, attention, and learning.

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Foreword
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Authors: Schuman, B., Dellal, S., Prönneke, A., Machold, R., & Rudy, B.
Affiliations: New York University (US)
Corresponding author: Rudy, Bernardo
ORCID: Schuman, Benjamin
Machold, Robert
Rudy, Bernardo
Venue: Annual Review of Neuroscience
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2021-07-08
Volume: 44
Issue: 1
Pages: 221-252
ISSN: 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
1545-4126
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-100520-012117
PMC: PMC9012327
OpenAlex: W3138514668
Cited by: 148
References: 204
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8
FWCI: 3.62
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Annual Review of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH096331)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS107257, P01NS074972, R01NS110079, F31NS106793)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
Keywords: top-down processing, bottom-up processing, pyramidal neurons, apical dendrites, sensory perception, cross-modal integration, consciousness, attention, learning, cortical integration
MeSH terms: Dendrites, Learning, Pyramidal Cells, Neocortex

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Neocortical Layer 1: An Elegant Solution to Top-Down and Bottom-Up Integration

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