Cited by 185Cannabis and Cannabinoid ResearchFatty Acid Research and HealthForensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis

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Beyond THC and Endocannabinoids

Pacher, Pal, Kogan, Natalya M., Mechoulam, Raphael·2020·Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology

DOI 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021441

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Abstract

Research in the cannabinoid field, namely on phytocannabinoids, the endogenous cannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol and their metabolizing and synthetic enzymes, the cannabinoid receptors, and anandamide-like cannabinoid compounds, has expanded tremendously over the last few years. Numerous endocannabinoid-like compounds have been discovered. The Cannabis plant constituent cannabidiol (CBD) was found to exert beneficial effects in many preclinical disease models ranging from epilepsy, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and autoimmunity to neurodegenerative and kidney diseases and cancer. CBD was recently approved in the United States for the treatment of rare forms of childhood epilepsy. This has triggered the development of many CBD-based products for human use, often with overstated claims regarding their therapeutic effects. In this article, the recently published research on the chemistry and biological effects of plant cannabinoids (specifically CBD), endocannabinoids, certain long-chain fatty acid amides, and the variety of relevant receptors is critically reviewed.

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Authors: Pacher, P., Kogan, N. M., & Mechoulam, R.
Affiliations: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA;
Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
ORCID: Kogan, Natalya M.
Mechoulam, Raphael
Venue: Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2020-01-06
Volume: 60
Issue: 1
Pages: 637-659
ISSN: 0362-1642 (ISSN-L)
1545-4304
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021441
OpenAlex: W2978528228
Cited by: 175
References: 168
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 20
FWCI: 2.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
Keywords: cannabidiol, endocannabinoids, phytocannabinoids, anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, cannabinoid receptors, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, autoimmunity, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, cancer
MeSH terms: Animals, Arachidonic Acids, Cannabinoids, Glycerides, Humans, Dronabinol, Polyunsaturated Alkamides, Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists, Endocannabinoids

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