Beyond THC and Endocannabinoids

Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite in Health and Disease

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Isolation and Structure of a Brain Constituent That Binds to the Cannabinoid Receptor

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Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids

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Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors

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2-Arachidonoylgylcerol: A Possible Endogenous Cannabinoid Receptor Ligand in Brain

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Molecular characterization of an enzyme that degrades neuromodulatory fatty-acid amides

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The Endocannabinoid System as an Emerging Target of Pharmacotherapy

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Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology.

Meakin, J. W. (1971) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1971.00310230151026 · Cited by 1,959

Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome

Devinsky, O., Cross, J. H., Laux, L., Marsh, E., Miller, I., Nabbout, R., Scheffer, I. E., Thiele, E. A., & Wright, S. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1611618 · Cited by 1,711

The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor

Ryberg, E., Larsson, N., Sjögren, S., Hjorth, S., Hermansson, N., Leonova, J., Elebring, T., Nilsson, K., Drmota, T., & Greasley, P. J. (2007) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707460 · Cited by 1,568

Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects.

Russo, E. B. (2011) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01238.x · Cited by 1,535

Brain monoglyceride lipase participating in endocannabinoid inactivation

Dinh, T. P., Carpenter, D., Leslie, F. M., Freund, T. F., Katona, I., Sensi, S. L., Kathuria, S., & Piomelli, D. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.152334899 · Cited by 1,373

Damage to the insula disrupts addiction to cigarette smoking

Naqvi, N. H., Rudrauf, D., Damasio, H., & Bechara, A. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1135926 · Cited by 1,245

Oleylethanolamide regulates feeding and body weight through activation of the nuclear receptor PPAR-α

Fu, J., Gaetani, S., Oveisi, F., Verme, J., Serrano, A., de Fonseca, F. D., Rosengarth, A., Luecke, H., Giacomo, B. D., Tarzia, G., et al. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01921 · Cited by 1,113

Cannabidiol is a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB 1 receptor

Laprairie, R. B., Bagher, A. M., Kelly, M. E. M., & Denovan‐Wright, E. M. (2015) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.13250 · Cited by 1,039

Cannabidiol in patients with seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (GWPCARE4): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial

Thiele, E. A., Marsh, E. D., French, J. A., Mazurkiewicz-Beldzinska, M., Benbadis, S. R., Joshi, C., Lyons, P. D., Taylor, A., Roberts, C., Sommerville, K., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30136-3 · Cited by 905

Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial

Devinsky, O., Marsh, E., Friedman, D., Thiele, E., Laux, L., Sullivan, J., Miller, I., Flamini, R., Wilfong, A., Filloux, F., et al. (2016) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00379-8 · Cited by 900

The Nuclear Receptor Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α Mediates the Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Palmitoylethanolamide

Lo Verme, J., Fu, J., Astarita, G., La Rana, G., Russo, R., Calignano, A., & Piomelli, D. (2005) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.104.006353 · Cited by 882

Non-psychotropic plant cannabinoids: new therapeutic opportunities from an ancient herb

Izzo, A. A., Borrelli, F., Capasso, R., Marzo, V. D., & Mechoulam, R. (2009) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2009.07.006 · Cited by 879

Cannabidiol and (−)Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol are neuroprotective antioxidants

Hampson, A. J., Grimaldi, M., Axelrod, J., & Wink, D. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.14.8268 · Cited by 850

2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether, an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid CB 1 receptor

Hanuš, L., Abu‐Lafi, S., Fride, E., Breuer, A., Vogel, Z., Shalev, D. E., Kustanovich, I. M., & Mechoulam, R. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.061029898 · Cited by 761

Deorphanization of a G protein-coupled receptor for oleoylethanolamide and its use in the discovery of small-molecule hypophagic agents

Overton, H. A., Babbs, A. J., Doel, S. M., Fyfe, M. C. T., Gardner, L. S., Griffin, G., Jackson, H. C., Procter, M. J., Rasamison, C. M., Tang‐Christensen, M., et al. (2006) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.02.004 · Cited by 670

The nonpsychoactive cannabis constituent cannabidiol is an oral anti-arthritic therapeutic in murine collagen-induced arthritis

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An entourage effect: inactive endogenous fatty acid glycerol esters enhance 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol cannabinoid activity

Ben‐Shabat, S., Fride, E., Sheskin, T., Tamiri, T., Rhee, M. H., Vogel, Z., Bisogno, T., PETROCELLIS, L. D., Marzo, V. D., & Mechoulam, R. (1998) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00392-6 · Cited by 650

Cannabinoid-induced mesenteric vasodilation through an endothelial site distinct from CB1 or CB2 receptors

Járai, Z., Wagner, J. A., Varga, K., Lake, K. D., Compton, D. M., Martin, B. R., Zimmer, A. M., Bonner, T. I., Buckley, N. E., Mezey, É., et al. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.24.14136 · Cited by 597

Phytochemistry of Cannabis sativa L.

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Cannabinoids mediate analgesia largely via peripheral type 1 cannabinoid receptors in nociceptors

Agarwal, N., Pacher, P., Tegeder, I., Amaya, F., Constantin, C. E., Brenner, G. J., Rubino, T., Michalski, C. W., Marsicano, G., Monory, K., et al. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1916 · Cited by 571

Chronic Administration of Cannabidiol to Healthy Volunteers and Epileptic Patients

Cunha, J. M., Carlini, E. A., Pereira, A. E., Ramos, O. L., Pimentel, C., Gagliardi, R. J., Sanvito, W. L., Lander, N., & Mechoulam, R. (2008) · Pharmacology · doi:10.1159/000137430 · Cited by 570

Antitumor Activity of Plant Cannabinoids with Emphasis on the Effect of Cannabidiol on Human Breast Carcinoma

Ligresti, A., Moriello, A. S., Starowicz, K., Matias, I., Pisanti, S., PETROCELLIS, L. D., Laezza, C., Portella, G., Bifulco, M., & Marzo, V. D. (2006) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.106.105247 · Cited by 569

Systematic review: Efficacy and safety of medical marijuana in selected neurologic disorders [RETIRED]

Koppel, B. S., Brust, J. C. M., Fife, T. D., Bronstein, J. M., Youssof, S., Gronseth, G., & Gloss, D. S. (2014) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000000363 · Cited by 554

Cannabidiol Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, Fibrosis, and Inflammatory and Cell Death Signaling Pathways in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

Rajesh, M., Mukhopadhyay, P., Bátkai, S., Patel, V., Saito, K., Matsumoto, S., Kashiwaya, Y., Horváth, B., Mukhopadhyay, B., Becker, L. K., et al. (2010) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.07.033 · Cited by 513

From Phytocannabinoids to Cannabinoid Receptors and Endocannabinoids: Pleiotropic Physiological and Pathological Roles Through Complex Pharmacology

Ligresti, A., PETROCELLIS, L. D., & Marzo, V. D. (2016) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00002.2016 · Cited by 505

New approaches and challenges to targeting the endocannabinoid system

Marzo, V. D. (2018) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2018.115 · Cited by 502

Marihuana Chemistry

Mechoulam, R. (1970) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.168.3936.1159 · Cited by 501

Endocannabinoid signalling in reward and addiction

Parsons, L. H., & Hurd, Y. L. (2015) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn4004 · Cited by 488

Hashish—I

Mechoulam, R., & Shvo, Y. (1963) · Tetrahedron · doi:10.1016/0040-4020(63)85022-x · Cited by 486

Addiction as a stress surfeit disorder

Koob, G. F., Buck, C. L., Cohen, A., Edwards, S., Park, P. E., Schlosburg, J. E., Schmeichel, B., Vendruscolo, L. F., Wade, C. L., Whitfield, T. W., et al. (2014) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.05.024 · Cited by 483

GPR92 as a New G12/13- and Gq-coupled Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor That Increases cAMP, LPA5

Lee, C., Rivera, R. R., Gardell, S. E., Dubin, A. E., & Chun, J. J. M. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m603670200 · Cited by 471

Identification of GPR55 as a lysophosphatidylinositol receptor

Oka, S., Nakajima, K., Yamashita, A., Kishimoto, S., & Sugiura, T. (2007) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.08.078 · Cited by 460

Cardiovascular effects of marijuana and synthetic cannabinoids: the good, the bad, and the ugly

Pacher, P., Steffens, S., Haskó, G., Schindler, T. H., & Kunos, G. (2017) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2017.130 · Cited by 453

Is lipid signaling through cannabinoid 2 receptors part of a protective system?

Pacher, P., & Mechoulam, R. (2011) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2011.01.001 · Cited by 435

Nabiximols for Opioid-Treated Cancer Patients With Poorly-Controlled Chronic Pain: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Graded-Dose Trial

Portenoy, R. K., Ganae-Motan, E. D., Allende, S., Yanagihara, R., Shaiova, L., Weinstein, S., McQuade, R., Wright, S., & Fallon, M. T. (2012) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2012.01.003 · Cited by 420

Modulating the endocannabinoid system in human health and disease – successes and failures

Pacher, P., & Kunos, G. (2013) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.12260 · Cited by 418

GPR119 Is Essential for Oleoylethanolamide-Induced Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion From the Intestinal Enteroendocrine L-Cell

Lauffer, L. M., Iakoubov, R., & Brubaker, P. L. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db08-1237 · Cited by 405

Cannabis Pharmacology: The Usual Suspects and a Few Promising Leads

Russo, E. B., & Marcu, J. P. (2017) · Advances in pharmacology · doi:10.1016/bs.apha.2017.03.004 · Cited by 403

Evidence for novel cannabinoid receptors

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Early phytocannabinoid chemistry to endocannabinoids and beyond

Mechoulam, R., Hanuš, L. O., Pertwee, R., & Howlett, A. C. (2014) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3811 · Cited by 393

Biochemistry and pharmacology of endovanilloids

Starowicz, K., Nigam, S., & Marzo, V. D. (2007) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.01.005 · Cited by 381

Lysophosphatidylcholine enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion via an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor

Soga, T., Ohishi, T., Matsui, T., Saito, T., Matsumoto, M., Takasaki, J., Matsumoto, S., Kamohara, M., Hiyama, H., Yoshida, S., et al. (2004) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.120 · Cited by 366

Cannabidiol for neurodegenerative disorders: important new clinical applications for this phytocannabinoid?

Fernández‐Ruíz, J., Sagredo, O., Pazos, M. R., García, C., Pertwee, R. G., Mechoulam, R., & Martínez-Orgado, J. A. (2012) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04341.x · Cited by 364

Cannabinoid CB2 receptor ligand profiling reveals biased signalling and off-target activity

Soethoudt, M., Grether, U., Fingerle, J., Grim, T. W., Fezza, F., PETROCELLIS, L. D., Ullmer, C., Rothenhäusler, B., Perret, C., van Gils, N., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms13958 · Cited by 362

Two new unsaturated fatty acid ethanolamides in brain that bind to the cannabinoid receptor

Hanus, L. O., Gopher, A., Almog, S., & Mechoulam, R. (1993) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm00072a026 · Cited by 334

Oleoylethanolamide Stimulates Lipolysis by Activating the Nuclear Receptor Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor α (PPAR-α)

Guzmán, M., Lo Verme, J., Fu, J., Oveisi, F., Blázquez, C., & Piomelli, D. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m404087200 · Cited by 328

N-arachidonoyl glycine, an abundant endogenous lipid, potently drives directed cellular migration through GPR18, the putative abnormal cannabidiol receptor

McHugh, D., Hu, S. S., Rimmerman, N., Juknat, A., Vogel, Z., Walker, J. M., & Bradshaw, H. B. (2010) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-11-44 · Cited by 323

Fatty Acid-binding Proteins (FABPs) Are Intracellular Carriers for Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD)

Elmes, M. W., Kaczocha, M., Berger, W. T., Leung, K., Ralph, B. P., Wang, L., Sweeney, J., Miyauchi, J. T., Tsirka, S. E., Ojima, I., et al. (2015) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m114.618447 · Cited by 315

A Combined Preclinical Therapy of Cannabinoids and Temozolomide against Glioma

Torres, S., Lorente, M., Rodríguez-Fornés, F., Hernández‐Tiedra, S., Salazar‐Roa, M., García-Taboada, E., Barcia, J. A., Guzmán, M., & Velasco, G. (2011) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0688 · Cited by 309

The enigmatic pharmacology of GPR55

Ross, R. A. (2009) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2008.12.004 · Cited by 300

2-Oleoyl Glycerol Is a GPR119 Agonist and Signals GLP-1 Release in Humans

Hansen, K. B., ROSENKILDE, M. M., Knop, F. K., Wellner, N., Diep, T. A., Rehfeld, J. F., Andersen, U. B., Holst, J. J., & Hansen, H. S. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0647 · Cited by 298

A historical overview of chemical research on cannabinoids

Mechoulam, R., & Hanuš, L. (2000) · Chemistry and Physics of Lipids · doi:10.1016/s0009-3084(00)00184-5 · Cited by 291

Identification of N-arachidonylglycine as the endogenous ligand for orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR18

Kohno, M., Hasegawa, H., Inoue, A., Muraoka, M., Miyazaki, T., Oka, K., & Yasukawa, M. (2006) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.06.175 · Cited by 272

An Open-Label Extension Study to Investigate the Long-Term Safety and Tolerability of THC/CBD Oromucosal Spray and Oromucosal THC Spray in Patients With Terminal Cancer-Related Pain Refractory to Strong Opioid Analgesics

Johnson, J. R., Lossignol, D., Burnell-Nugent, M., & Fallon, M. (2012) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.07.014 · Cited by 270

A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Pilot Trial With Extension Using an Oral Mucosal Cannabinoid Extract for Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain

Lynch, M. E., Cesar-Rittenberg, P., & Hohmann, A. G. (2014) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.02.018 · Cited by 266

Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study

Jadoon, K. A., Ratcliffe, S. H., Barrett, D. A., Thomas, E. L., Stott, C. G., Bell, J. D., O’Sullivan, S. E., & Tan, G. D. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-0650 · Cited by 262

The Secreted Enzyme PM20D1 Regulates Lipidated Amino Acid Uncouplers of Mitochondria

Long, J. Z., Svensson, K. J., Bateman, L. A., Lin, H., Kamenecka, T., Lokurkar, I. A., Lou, J., Rao, R. R., Chang, M. R., Jedrychowski, M. P., et al. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.071 · Cited by 257

Activation of TRPV1 by the Satiety Factor Oleoylethanolamide

Ahern, G. P. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m305051200 · Cited by 256

Cannabidiol Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Decreasing Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Death

Pan, H., Mukhopadhyay, P., Rajesh, M., Patel, V., Mukhopadhyay, B., Gao, B., Haskó, G., & Pacher, P. (2008) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.108.147181 · Cited by 256

Cannabidiol, a non‐psychotropic component of cannabis, attenuates vomiting and nausea‐like behaviour via indirect agonism of 5‐HT1A somatodendritic autoreceptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus

Rock, E., Bolognini, D., Limebeer, C., Cascio, M., Anavi‐Goffer, S., Fletcher, P., Mechoulam, R., Pertwee, R., & Parker, L. (2012) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01621.x · Cited by 255

Advances in PHARMACOLOGY

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Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol andN‐arachidonyl glycine are full agonists at GPR18 receptors and induce migration in human endometrial HEC‐1B cells

McHugh, D., Page, J., Dunn, E., & Bradshaw, H. B. (2011) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01497.x · Cited by 251

The novel endocannabinoid receptor GPR55 is activated by atypical cannabinoids but does not mediate their vasodilator effects

Johns, D. G., Behm, D. J., Walker, D. J., Zhang, A., Shapland, E. M., Daniels, D. A., Riddick, M., Dowell, S. J., Staton, P. C., Green, P., et al. (2007) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707419 · Cited by 251

The Palmitoylethanolamide and Oleamide Enigmas: Are These Two Fatty Acid Amides Cannabimimetic?

Lambert, D. M., & Marzo, V. D. (1999) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867306666220401153732 · Cited by 244

Cannabinoid CB 1 and CB 2 Receptor Signaling and Bias

Ibsen, M. S., Connor, M. A., & Glass, M. (2017) · Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research · doi:10.1089/can.2016.0037 · Cited by 240

Results of a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of Nabiximols Oromucosal Spray as an Adjunctive Therapy in Advanced Cancer Patients with Chronic Uncontrolled Pain

Lichtman, A. H., Lux, E. A., McQuade, R. D., Rossetti, S., Sanchez, R., Sun, W., Wright, S., Kornyeyeva, E., & Fallon, M. (2017) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.09.001 · Cited by 235

Endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines: biological activities and metabolism

Tsuboi, K., Uyama, T., Okamoto, Y., & Ueda, N. (2018) · Inflammation and Regeneration · doi:10.1186/s41232-018-0086-5 · Cited by 231

Selective Ligands and Cellular Effectors of a G Protein-Coupled Endothelial Cannabinoid Receptor

Offertáler, L., Mo, F.-M., Bátkai, S., Liu, J., Begg, M., Razdan, R. K., Martin, B. R., Bukoski, R. D., & Kunos, G. (2003) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.63.3.699 · Cited by 227

Cannabidiol Prevents Cerebral Infarction Via a Serotonergic 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1A Receptor–Dependent Mechanism

Mishima, K., Hayakawa, K., Abe, K., Ikeda, T., Egashira, N., Iwasaki, K., & Fujiwara, M. (2005) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000163083.59201.34 · Cited by 225

Targeting CB2 receptors and the endocannabinoid system for the treatment of pain

Anand, P., Whiteside, G. T., Fowler, C. J., & Hohmann, A. G. (2008) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.12.003 · Cited by 220

Endocannabinoid mechanisms of pain modulation

Hohmann, A. G., & Suplita, R. L. (2006) · The AAPS Journal · doi:10.1208/aapsj080479 · Cited by 217

Palmitoylethanolamide inhibits the expression of fatty acid amide hydrolase and enhances the anti-proliferative effect of anandamide in human breast cancer cells

Marzo, V. D., Melck, D. J., Orlando, P., Bisogno, T., Zagoory, O., Bifulco, M., Vogel, Z., & PETROCELLIS, L. D. (2001) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3580249 · Cited by 217

THE IDENTIFICATION OF N-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)-PALMITAMIDE AS A NATURALLY OCCURRING ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT

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Cannabidiol attenuates high glucose-induced endothelial cell inflammatory response and barrier disruption

Rajesh, M., Mukhopadhyay, P., Bátkai, S., Haskó, G., Liaudet, L., Drel, V. R., Obrosova, I. G., & Pacher, P. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00236.2007 · Cited by 211

Enantiomeric cannabinoids: stereospecificity of psychotropic activity

Mechoulam, R., Feigenbaum, J. J., Lander, N., Segal, M., Järbe, T. U. C., Hiltunen, A. J., & Consroe, P. F. (1988) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf01959156 · Cited by 209

Cannabidiol protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating inflammatory signaling and response, oxidative/nitrative stress, and cell death

Mukhopadhyay, P., Rajesh, M., Horváth, B., Bátkai, S., Park, O., Tanchian, G., Gao, R. Y., Patel, V., Wink, D. A., Liaudet, L., et al. (2011) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.02.021 · Cited by 206

Cannabidiol in Humans—The Quest for Therapeutic Targets

Zhornitsky, S., & Potvin, S. (2012) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph5050529 · Cited by 205

Cannabidiol inhibits pathogenic T cells, decreases spinal microglial activation and ameliorates multiple sclerosis‐like disease in C57BL/6 mice

Kozela, E., Lev, N., Kaushansky, N., Eilam, R., Rimmerman, N., Levy, R., Ben‐Nun, A., Juknat, A., & Vogel, Z. (2011) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01379.x · Cited by 201

Cannabidiol, a safe and non-psychotropic ingredient of the marijuana plant Cannabis sativa, is protective in a murine model of colitis

Borrelli, F., Aviello, G., Romano, B., Orlando, P., Capasso, R., Maiello, F., Guadagno, F., Petrosino, S., Capasso, F., Marzo, V. D., et al. (2009) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-009-0512-x · Cited by 199

Endocannabinoid biosynthesis and inactivation, from simple to complex

Muccioli, G. G. (2010) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2010.03.007 · Cited by 192

N -arachidonoyl l -serine, an endocannabinoid-like brain constituent with vasodilatory properties

Milman, G., Maor, Y., Abu‐Lafi, S., Horowitz, M., Gallily, R., Bátkai, S., Mo, F.-M., Offertáler, L., Pacher, P., Kunos, G., et al. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0510676103 · Cited by 188

Metabolism of the Endocannabinoid Anandamide: Open Questions after 25 Years

Maccarrone, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2017.00166 · Cited by 180

Identification and Quantification of a New Family of Peptide Endocannabinoids (Pepcans) Showing Negative Allosteric Modulation at CB1 Receptors

Bauer, M., Chicca, A., Tamborrini, M., Eisen, D., Lerner, R., Lutz, B., Poetz, O., Pluschke, G., & Gertsch, J. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m112.382481 · Cited by 175

Cannabidiol Protects against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy by Modulating Mitochondrial Function and Biogenesis

Hao, E., Mukhopadhyay, P., Cao, Z., Erdélyi, K., Holovac, E., Liaudet, L., Lee, W.-S., Haskó, G., Mechoulam, R., & Pacher, P. (2015) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2119/molmed.2014.00261 · Cited by 175

Role of the endocannabinoid system in diabetes and diabetic complications

Gruden, G., Barutta, F., Kunos, G., & Pacher, P. (2015) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.13226 · Cited by 168

The expanding field of cannabimimetic and related lipid mediators

Bradshaw, H. B., & Walker, J. M. (2005) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706093 · Cited by 164

A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Pilot Study of Cannabidiol-rich Botanical Extract in the Symptomatic Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis

Irving, P. M., Iqbal, T. H., Nwokolo, C. U., Subramanian, S., Bloom, S. L., Prasad, N., Hart, A. L., Murray, C. D., Lindsay, J. O., Taylor, A. R., et al. (2018) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izy002 · Cited by 164

Novel endogenous peptide agonists of cannabinoid receptors

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Activation of GPR 18 by cannabinoid compounds: a tale of biased agonism

Console‐Bram, L., Brailoiu, E., Brailoiu, G. C., Sharir, H., & Abood, M. E. (2014) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.12746 · Cited by 157

Effects of homologues and analogues of palmitoylethanolamide upon the inactivation of the endocannabinoid anandamide

Jonsson, K., Vandevoorde, S., Lambert, D. M., Tiger, G., & Fowler, C. J. (2001) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704199 · Cited by 157

The Endocannabinoid System and Plant-Derived Cannabinoids in Diabetes and Diabetic Complications

Horváth, B., Mukhopadhyay, P., Haskó, G., & Pacher, P. (2011) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.11.003 · Cited by 152

Cannabidiol arrests onset of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice

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Biased Agonism and Biased Allosteric Modulation at the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor

Khajehali, E., Malone, D. T., Glass, M., Sexton, P. M., Christopoulos, A., & Leach, K. (2015) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.115.099192 · Cited by 146

Identification of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate and N-Arachidonylglycine as Endogenous Ligands for GPR92

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‘Entourage’ effects of N‐acyl ethanolamines at human vanilloid receptors. Comparison of effects upon anandamide‐induced vanilloid receptor activation and upon anandamide metabolism

Smart, D., Jonsson, K., Vandevoorde, S., Lambert, D. M., & Fowler, C. J. (2002) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704732 · Cited by 139

Cannabis Therapeutics and the Future of Neurology

Russo, E. B. (2018) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2018.00051 · Cited by 137

Inhibition of Human Neutrophil Chemotaxis by Endogenous Cannabinoids and Phytocannabinoids: Evidence for a Site Distinct from CB1 and CB2

McHugh, D., Tanner, C., Mechoulam, R., Pertwee, R. G., & Ross, R. A. (2007) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.107.041863 · Cited by 136

Cannabidiol, a nonpsychoactive Cannabis constituent, protects against myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury

Durst, R. Y., Danenberg, H. D., Gallily, R., Mechoulam, R., Meir, K., Grad, E., Beeri, R., Pugatsch, T., Tarsish, E., & Lotan, C. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00098.2007 · Cited by 134

The endocannabinoid anandamide is a precursor for the signaling lipid N-arachidonoyl glycine by two distinct pathways

Bradshaw, H. B., Rimmerman, N., Hu, S. S., Benton, V. M., Stuart, J. M., Masuda, K. R., Cravatt, B. F., O’Dell, D. K., & Walker, J. M. (2009) · BMC Biochemistry · doi:10.1186/1471-2091-10-14 · Cited by 124

Cannabidiol attenuates alcohol-induced liver steatosis, metabolic dysregulation, inflammation and neutrophil-mediated injury

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Cannabidiol Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model of Multiple Sclerosis Through Induction of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells

Elliott, D. M., Singh, N. P., Nagarkatti, M., & Nagarkatti, P. S. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01782 · Cited by 122

Identification of endogenous acyl amino acids based on a targeted lipidomics approach

Tan, B., O’Dell, D. K., Yu, Y. W., Monn, M. F., Hughes, V., BURSTEIN, S. H., & Walker, J. M. (2009) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m900198-jlr200 · Cited by 118

Lipidomics profile of a NAPE-PLD KO mouse provides evidence of a broader role of this enzyme in lipid metabolism in the brain

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Cardioprotective effect of cannabidiol in rats exposed to doxorubicin toxicity

Fouad, A. A., Albuali, W. H., Al-Mulhim, A. S., & Jresat, I. (2013) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.etap.2013.04.018 · Cited by 116

The cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) ameliorates insulin sensitivity in two mouse models of obesity

Wargent, E. T., Zaibi, M. S., Silvestri, C., Hislop, D. C., Stocker, C. J., Stott, C. G., Guy, G. W., Duncan, M., Marzo, V. D., & Cawthorne, M. A. (2013) · Nutrition and Diabetes · doi:10.1038/nutd.2013.9 · Cited by 113

Cannabidiol ameliorates cognitive and motor impairments in mice with bile duct ligation

Magen, I., Avraham, Y., Ackerman, Z., Vorobiev, L., Mechoulam, R., & Berry, E. M. (2009) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.04.021 · Cited by 111

Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Quinonoid Derivatives of Cannabinoids

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Cannabidiol prevents a post-ischemic injury progressively induced by cerebral ischemia via a high-mobility group box1-inhibiting mechanism

Hayakawa, K., Mishima, K., Irie, K., Hazekawa, M., Mishima, S., Fujioka, M., Orito, K., Egashira, N., Katsurabayashi, S., Takasaki, K., et al. (2008) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.06.040 · Cited by 105

Two non-psychoactive cannabinoids reduce intracellular lipid levels and inhibit hepatosteatosis

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Actions of two naturally occurring saturated N‐acyldopamines on transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels

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Endocannabinoid‐like N‐arachidonoyl serine is a novel pro‐angiogenic mediator

Zhang, X., Maor, Y., Jf, W., Kunos, G., & Groopman, J. (2010) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00841.x · Cited by 99

Ether‐linked analogue of 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (noladin ether) was not detected in the brains of various mammalian species

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Treatment with cannabidiol reverses oxidative stress parameters, cognitive impairment and mortality in rats submitted to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture

Cassol-Jr, O. J., Comim, C. M., Silva, B. R., Hermani, F. V., Constantino, L. S., Felisberto, F., Petronilho, F., Hallak, J. E. C., De Martinis, B. S., Zuardi, A. W., et al. (2010) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.06.023 · Cited by 94

Oleoyl serine, an endogenous N -acyl amide, modulates bone remodeling and mass

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Slowly Signaling G Protein–Biased CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist LY2828360 Suppresses Neuropathic Pain with Sustained Efficacy and Attenuates Morphine Tolerance and Dependence

Lin, X., Dhopeshwarkar, A., Huibregtse, M. E., Mackie, K., & Hohmann, A. G. (2017) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.117.109355 · Cited by 91

Repeated treatment with cannabidiol but not Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol has a neuroprotective effect without the development of tolerance

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Actions of N-arachidonyl-glycine in a rat neuropathic pain model

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Anxiolytic effect of cannabidiol derivatives in the elevated plus-maze

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Effect on cancer cell proliferation of palmitoylethanolamide, a fatty acid amide interacting with both the cannabinoid and vanilloid signalling systems

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The effect of five day dosing with THCV on THC-induced cognitive, psychological and physiological effects in healthy male human volunteers: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover pilot trial

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Energy Intake and Monounsaturated Fat in Relation to Bone Mineral Density among Women and Men in Greece

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Cannabidiol Limits T Cell-Mediated Chronic Autoimmune Myocarditis: Implications to Autoimmune Disorders and Organ Transplantation

Lee, W.-S., Erdélyi, K., Mátyás, C., Mukhopadhyay, P., Varga, Z. V., Liaudet, L., Haskó, G., Čiháková, D., Mechoulam, R., & Pacher, P. (2016) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2119/molmed.2016.00007 · Cited by 84

Cannabidiol for the Prevention of Graft-versus-Host-Disease after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Results of a Phase II Study

Yeshurun, M., Shpilberg, O., Herscovici, C., Shargian, L., Dreyer, J., Peck, A., Israeli, M., Levy-Assaraf, M., Gruenewald, T., Mechoulam, R., et al. (2015) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.05.018 · Cited by 83

Oleamide: A Fatty Acid Amide Signaling Molecule in the Cardiovascular System?

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Report of Objective Clinical Responses of Cancer Patients to Pharmaceutical-grade Synthetic Cannabidiol

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Cannabinoid therapy in epilepsy

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New players in the fatty acyl ethanolamide metabolism

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Biased Agonism of Three Different Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists in Mouse Brain Cortex

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N‐arachidonoyl glycine, an endogenous lipid that acts as a vasorelaxant via nitric oxide and large conductance calcium‐activated potassium channels

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Damage to the insula leads to decreased nicotine withdrawal during abstinence

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Role of the satiety factor oleoylethanolamide in alcoholism

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N-Acyl Amino Acids (Elmiric Acids): Endogenous Signaling Molecules with Therapeutic Potential

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Cannabidiolic acid methyl ester, a stable synthetic analogue of cannabidiolic acid, can produce 5‐HT1A receptor‐mediated suppression of nausea and anxiety in rats

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FABP1: A Novel Hepatic Endocannabinoid and Cannabinoid Binding Protein

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Oleoylethanolamide: A novel pharmaceutical agent in the management of obesity‐an updated review

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Resolution of inflammation by N‐arachidonoylglycine

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Oleoylethanolamide: The role of a bioactive lipid amide in modulating eating behaviour

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Biased signaling of lipids and allosteric actions of synthetic molecules for GPR119

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Hashish

Todd, A. R. (1946) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf02163886 · Cited by 53

Oleoylethanolamide Supplementation Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Obese People: A Clinical Trial

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Endothelium‐independent relaxation to cannabinoids in rat‐isolated mesenteric artery and role of Ca2+ influx

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N-Oleoyl-glycine reduces nicotine reward and withdrawal in mice

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Cannabidiol Rescues Acute Hepatic Toxicity and Seizure Induced by Cocaine

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Cannabidiol treatment ameliorates ischemia/reperfusion renal injury in rats

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N -arachidonoyl-L-serine (AraS) Possesses Proneurogenic Properties in Vitro and in Vivo after Traumatic Brain Injury

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Pharmacologic Effects of Cannabidiol on Acute Reperfused Myocardial Infarction in Rabbits

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Acute oral cannabidiolic acid methyl ester reduces depression-like behavior in two genetic animal models of depression

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Skeletal lipidomics: regulation of bone metabolism by fatty acid amide family

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Potential Control of Multiple Sclerosis by Cannabis and the Endocannabinoid System

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Enhancement of the hypotensive effects of intrathecally injected endocannabinoids by the entourage compound palmitoylethanolamide

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Where’s my entourage? The curious case of 2-oleoylglycerol, 2-linolenoylglycerol, and 2-palmitoylglycerol

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N-Oleoyl glycine, a lipoamino acid, stimulates adipogenesis associated with activation of CB1 receptor and Akt signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocyte

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Extracellular Loops 2 and 4 of GLYT2 Are Required for N-Arachidonylglycine Inhibition of Glycine Transport

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A novel peptide that improves metabolic parameters without adverse central nervous system effects

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Palmitoyl Serine: An Endogenous Neuroprotective Endocannabinoid-Like Entity After Traumatic Brain Injury

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Inhibition of N-acylethanolamine acid amidase reduces nicotine-induced dopamine activation and reward

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Cocaine-Induced Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking Provokes Changes in the Endocannabinoid and N-Acylethanolamine Levels in Rat Brain Structures

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The quest for endothelial atypical cannabinoid receptor: BKCa channels act as cellular sensors for cannabinoids in in vitro and in situ endothelial cells

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Avidekel Cannabis extracts and cannabidiol are as efficient as Copaxone in suppressing EAE in SJL/J mice

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