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Consolidating Memories

McGaugh, James L.·2015·Annual Review of Psychology

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Abstract

Our own experiences, as well as the findings of many studies, suggest that emotionally arousing experiences can create lasting memories. This autobiographical article provides a brief summary of the author's research investigating neurobiological systems responsible for the influence of emotional arousal on the consolidation of lasting memories. The research began with the finding that stimulant drugs enhanced memory in rats when administered shortly after training. Those findings suggested the possibility that endogenous systems activated by arousal might influence neural processes underlying memory consolidation. Subsequent findings that adrenal stress hormones activated by learning experiences enhance memory consolidation provided strong evidence supporting this hypothesis. Other findings suggest that the enhancement is induced by stress hormone activation of the amygdala. The findings also suggest that the basolateral amygdala modulates memory consolidation via its projections to brain regions involved in processing different aspects and forms of memory. This emotional-arousal-activated neurobiological system thus seems to play an important adaptive role in insuring that the strength of our memories will reflect their emotional significance.

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Authors: McGaugh, J. L.
Affiliations: University of California, Irvine (US)
Corresponding author: McGaugh, James L.
Venue: Annual Review of Psychology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2015-01-03
Volume: 66
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-24
ISSN: 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
1545-2085
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-014954
OpenAlex: W4245500012
Cited by: 271
References: 183
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 6
FWCI: 2.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (MH12526)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Keywords: memory consolidation, emotional arousal, stress hormones, amygdala, basolateral amygdala, stimulants, memory enhancement, neurobiology of memory
MeSH terms: Amygdala, Animals, Humans, Memory, Neurosciences, Stress, Psychological, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century

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