Historical pitfalls and new directions in the neuroscience of emotion
Open accessAbstract
In this article, we offer a brief history summarizing the last century of neuroscientific study of emotion, highlighting dominant themes that run through various schools of thought. We then summarize the current state of the field, followed by six key points for scientific progress that are inspired by a multi-level constructivist theory of emotion.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Accumulating cognitive-affective neuroscience evidence from almost every domain of measurement is strongly inconsistent with the classical view of emotion and its implications.
“However, accumulating cognitive-affective neuroscience evidence from almost every domain of measurement is strongly inconsistent with this classical view of emotion and its implications (Barrett and Lida, submitted for publication).[47][48][49][50][51]”
From A new science of emotion: implications for functional neurological disorder (2022) · cites this paper as [48]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The free-energy principle: a unified brain theory?
Friston, K. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2787 · Cited by 8,120 · see citing works
The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme
Gould, S. J., & Lewontin, R. C. (1979) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1979.0086 · Cited by 7,770 · see citing works
Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science
Clark, A. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x12000477 · Cited by 5,924 · see citing works
Rao, R. P. N., & Ballard, D. H. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/4580 · Cited by 5,483 · see citing works
(1998) · Cited by 4,012 · see citing works
Meeting of minds: the medial frontal cortex and social cognition
Amodio, D. M., & Frith, C. D. (2006) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1884 · Cited by 3,782 · see citing works
Searle, J. R. (1992) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/5834.001.0001 · Cited by 3,595 · see citing works
A PROPOSED MECHANISM OF EMOTION
PAPEZ, J. W. (1937) · Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1937.02260220069003 · Cited by 3,563 · see citing works
The economy of brain network organization
Bullmore, E., & Sporns, O. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3214 · Cited by 3,284 · see citing works
Russell, J. A., & Barrett, L. F. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.5.805 · Cited by 3,121 · see citing works
Self-citationThe somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex
Damasio, A. R. (1996) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1996.0125 · Cited by 2,847 · see citing works
Buckner, R. L., & Carroll, D. C. (2007) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.004 · Cited by 2,691 · see citing works
Cognition and reality: Principles and implications of cognitive psychology
Neisser, U. (1976) · Cited by 2,471 · see citing works
(2017) · Cited by 2,433 · see citing works
Rich-club organization of the human connectome
van den Heuvel, M. P., & Sporns, O. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3539-11.2011 · Cited by 2,354 · see citing works
The brain basis of emotion: a meta-analytic review
Lindquist, K. A., Wager, T. D., Kober, H., Bliss-Moreau, E., & Barrett, L. F. (2012) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x11000446 · Cited by 2,320 · see citing works
Self-citationUniversals and cultural differences in facial expressions of emotion.
Ekman, P. (1972) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,232 · see citing works
Can cognitive processes be inferred from neuroimaging data?
POLDRACK, R. (2006) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.12.004 · Cited by 2,230 · see citing works
The neurobiology of semantic memory
Binder, J. R., & Desai, R. H. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.10.001 · Cited by 2,114 · see citing works
Strimbu, K., & Tavel, J. A. (2010) · Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS · doi:10.1097/coh.0b013e32833ed177 · Cited by 2,062 · see citing works
On the genesis of abstract ideas.
Posner, M. I., & Keele, S. W. (1968) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025953 · Cited by 1,983 · see citing works
Hohwy, J. (2013) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199682737.001.0001 · Cited by 1,914 · see citing works
Barrett, L. F. (2006) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00003.x · Cited by 1,859 · see citing works
Self-citationThe cognitive neuroscience of constructive memory: remembering the past and imagining the future
Schacter, D. L., & Addis, D. R. (2007) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2087 · Cited by 1,836 · see citing works
Interoceptive inference, emotion, and the embodied self
Seth, A. K. (2013) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.09.007 · Cited by 1,816 · see citing works
Neuronal circuits for fear and anxiety
Tovote, P., Fadok, J. P., & Lüthi, A. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3945 · Cited by 1,786 · see citing works
Interoceptive predictions in the brain
Barrett, L. F., & Simmons, W. K. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3950 · Cited by 1,766 · see citing works
Self-citationSolving the Emotion Paradox: Categorization and the Experience of Emotion
Barrett, L. F. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1001_2 · Cited by 1,679 · see citing works
Self-citationDegeneracy and complexity in biological systems
Edelman, G. M., & Gally, J. A. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.231499798 · Cited by 1,493 · see citing works
The theory of constructed emotion: an active inference account of interoception and categorization
Barrett, L. F. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw154 · Cited by 1,426 · see citing works
Self-citationBarrett, L. F., Mesquita, B., Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2007) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085709 · Cited by 1,425 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat is Meant by Calling Emotions Basic
Ekman, P., & Cordaro, D. T. (2011) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073911410740 · Cited by 1,348 · see citing works
Top-down influences on visual processing
Gilbert, C. D., & Li, W. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3476 · Cited by 1,224 · see citing works
Kober, H., Barrett, L. F., Joseph, J., Bliss-Moreau, E., Lindquist, K., & Wager, T. D. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.03.059 · Cited by 1,144 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional neuroanatomy of emotions: A meta-analysis
MURPHY, F. C., NIMMO-SMITH, I., & LAWRENCE, A. D. (2003) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.3.3.207 · Cited by 1,135 · see citing works
Cortical oscillations and sensory predictions
Arnal, L. H., & Giraud, A.-L. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.05.003 · Cited by 1,114 · see citing works
Basic Emotions, Natural Kinds, Emotion Schemas, and a New Paradigm
Izard, C. E. (2007) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00044.x · Cited by 1,110 · see citing works
Allostasis: A model of predictive regulation
Sterling, P. (2012) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.06.004 · Cited by 1,073 · see citing works
Using Neuroscience to Help Understand Fear and Anxiety: A Two-System Framework
LeDoux, J. E., & Pine, D. S. (2016) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16030353 · Cited by 1,035 · see citing works
Neural organization of the defensive behavior system responsible for fear
Fanselow, M. S. (1994) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03210947 · Cited by 1,000 · see citing works
Toward a general psychobiological theory of emotions
Panksepp, J. (1982) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00012759 · Cited by 999 · see citing works
The triune brain in evolution: Role in paleocerebral functions
Legg, C. R. (1990) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(90)90083-9 · Cited by 981 · see citing works
The psychophysiology of emotion.
Larsen, J. T., Berntson, G. G., Poehlmann, K. M., Ito, T. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1993) · Cited by 957 · see citing works
An Interoceptive Predictive Coding Model of Conscious Presence
Seth, A. K., Suzuki, K., & Critchley, H. D. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00395 · Cited by 950 · see citing works
The theory of constructed emotion: an active inference account of interoception and categorization
Barrett, L. F. (2017) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsx060 · Cited by 950 · cited 5× · see citing works
“The neural representation of emotion, then, may be created from memory, rather than merely associated with or triggered by memory [3,4]; this hypothesis is consistent with meta-analytic evidence that the neural basis of emotions routinely involves traditional memory-related networks such as the default mode network [2…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citation(1990) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 919 · see citing works
Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity and Dual-Process Theories of the Mind.
Barrett, L. F., Tugade, M. M., & Engle, R. W. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.553 · Cited by 913 · see citing works
Self-citationFacial and vocal expressions of emotion
Russell, J. A., Bachorowski, J.-A., & Fernández-Dols, J.-M. (2003) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145102 · Cited by 873 · see citing works
Emotion generation and emotion regulation: One or two depends on your point of view
Gross, J. J., & Feldman Barrett, L. (2011) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073910380974 · Cited by 863 · cited 1× · see citing works
“1 This family of approaches [1,2], which we refer to as the classical view of emotions [3,4],2 is an example of faculty psychology: – the belief that the human mind is structured as a set of mental abilities, each associated with a unique state caused by its own, unique biological system.”
The evolution of distributed association networks in the human brain
Buckner, R. L., & Krienen, F. M. (2013) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.09.017 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
Denny, B. T., Kober, H., Wager, T. D., & Ochsner, K. N. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00233 · Cited by 830 · see citing works
A perceptual-defensive-recuperative model of fear and pain
Bolles, R. C., & Fanselow, M. S. (1980) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x0000491x · Cited by 827 · see citing works
Gregory, R. L. (1980) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1980.0090 · Cited by 789 · see citing works
(2000) · Cited by 778 · see citing works
Chiang, A.-S., Lin, C.-Y., Chuang, C.-C., Chang, H.-M., Hsieh, C.-H., Yeh, C.-W., Shih, C.-T., Wu, J.-J., Wang, G.-T., Chen, Y.-C., et al. (2011) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.11.056 · Cited by 767 · see citing works
Consciousness and the varieties of emotion experience: A theoretical framework.
Lambie, J. A., & Marcel, A. J. (2002) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.109.2.219 · Cited by 760 · see citing works
Sillito, A. M. (1975) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1975.sp011056 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
A framework for studying emotions across species
Anderson, D. J., & Adolphs, R. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.003 · Cited by 691 · see citing works
A higher-order theory of emotional consciousness
LeDoux, J. E., & Brown, R. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1619316114 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
(1954) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1954.tb15286.x · Cited by 687 · see citing works
Active Inference, homeostatic regulation and adaptive behavioural control
Pezzulo, G., Rigoli, F., & Friston, K. (2015) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.09.001 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
Evidence for a large-scale brain system supporting allostasis and interoception in humans
Kleckner, I. R., Zhang, J., Touroutoglou, A., Chanes, L., Xia, C., Simmons, W. K., Quigley, K. S., Dickerson, B. C., & Feldman Barrett, L. (2017) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0069 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
Measures of degeneracy and redundancy in biological networks
Tononi, G., Sporns, O., & Edelman, G. M. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.6.3257 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Chapter 4 Affect as a Psychological Primitive
Barrett, L. F., & Bliss‐Moreau, E. (2009) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)00404-8 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Self-citationCannon, W. B. (1915) · doi:10.1037/10013-000 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
A Universe of Consciousness: How Matter Becomes Imagination
Brakel, L. (2001) · Neuropsychoanalysis · doi:10.1080/15294145.2001.10773360 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Gross, C. T., & Canteras, N. S. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3301 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
The relation between valence and arousal in subjective experience.
Kuppens, P., Tuerlinckx, F., Russell, J. A., & Barrett, L. F. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0030811 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman brain activity time-locked to perceptual event boundaries
Zacks, J. M., Braver, T. S., Sheridan, M. A., Donaldson, D. I., Snyder, A. Z., Ollinger, J. M., Buckner, R. L., & Raichle, M. E. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/88486 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Evolutionary Psychology and the Emotions
Al-Shawaf, L., & Lewis, D. M. G. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_516-1 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processes in Emotion Generation
Ochsner, K. N., Ray, R. D., Hughes, B., Kateri Mcrae, A., Cooper, J. C., Weber, J., Gabrieli, J. D. E., & Gross, J. J. (2009) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02459.x · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Emotion as a multicomponent process: A model and some cross-cultural data.
Scherer, K. R. (1984) · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Siegel, E. H., Sands, M. K., Van den Noortgate, W., Condon, P., Chang, Y., Dy, J., Quigley, K. S., & Barrett, L. F. (2018) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000128 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Self-citationBarrett, L. F. (2012) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0027555 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Human Amygdala and the Induction and Experience of Fear
Feinstein, J. S., Adolphs, R., Damasio, A., & Tranel, D. (2011) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.11.042 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Sterling, P., & Laughlin, S. (2015) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262028707.001.0001 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Encoding of fear learning and memory in distributed neuronal circuits
Herry, C., & Johansen, J. P. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3869 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Efficient codes and balanced networks
Denève, S., & Machens, C. K. (2016) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4243 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Gendron, M., Roberson, D., van der Vyver, J. M., & Barrett, L. F. (2014) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0036052 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Self-citationMultiple models to capture the variability in biological neurons and networks
Marder, E., & Taylor, A. L. (2011) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2735 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Discrete Neural Signatures of Basic Emotions
Saarimäki, H., Gotsopoulos, A., Jääskeläinen, I. P., Lampinen, J., Vuilleumier, P. O., Hari, R., Sams, M. E., & Nummenmaa, L. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhv086 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Searle, J. R. (2005) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.42-4583 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Grounding emotion in situated conceptualization
Wilson‐Mendenhall, C. D., Barrett, L. F., Simmons, W. K., & Barsalou, L. W. (2010) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.12.032 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Self-citationKelemen, D., Rottman, J., & Seston, R. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/a0030399 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Supramodal Representations of Perceived Emotions in the Human Brain
Peelen, M. V., Atkinson, A. P., & Vuilleumier, P. O. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2161-10.2010 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Emotions are emergent processes: they require a dynamic computational architecture
Scherer, K. R. (2009) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0141 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
A functional architecture of the human brain: emerging insights from the science of emotion
Lindquist, K. A., & Barrett, L. F. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.09.005 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Self-citationAn anatomical substrate for integration among functional networks in human cortex
van den Heuvel, M. P., & Sporns, O. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2128-13.2013 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
The Psychological construction of emotion
(2015) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.189951 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Decoding the Nature of Emotion in the Brain
Kragel, P. A., & LaBar, K. S. (2016) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2016.03.011 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Wolfe, H. K., & Wundt, W. M. (1897) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.2307/2175592 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
reconstructing the past: a century of ideas about emotion in psychology
Gendron, M., & Feldman Barrett, L. (2009) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073909338877 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Wilce, J. M. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511626692 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Integrating automatic and controlled processes into neurocognitive models of social cognition
Satpute, A. B., & Lieberman, M. D. (2006) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.01.005 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Future of Psychology: Connecting Mind to Brain
Barrett, L. F. (2009) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01134.x · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat is Basic about Basic Emotions? Lasting Lessons from Affective Neuroscience
Panksepp, J., & Watt, D. F. (2011) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073911410741 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Attention and associative learning in humans: An integrative review.
Le Pelley, M. E., Mitchell, C. J., Beesley, T., George, D. N., & Wills, A. J. (2016) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000064 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Brain Mapping: An Encyclopedic Reference
Roberts, N. B. (2015) · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Panksepp, J. (2007) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00045.x · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Psychological Construction: The Darwinian Approach to the Science of Emotion
Barrett, L. F. (2013) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073913489753 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Self-citationIdentifying emotions on the basis of neural activation
Kassam, K. S., Markey, A. R., Cherkassky, V. L., Loewenstein, G., & Just, M. A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066032 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
The serendipitous discovery of the brain's default network
Buckner, R. L. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.10.035 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Lindquist, K. A. (2013) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073913489750 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Attack and defense in rodents as ethoexperimental models for the study of emotion
Blanchard, R. J., & Blanchard, D. C. (1989) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0278-5846(89)90105-x · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Anxious: Using the Brain to Understand and Treat Fear and Anxiety
Cecala, A. L. (2016) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 291 · see citing works
The Science of Facial Expression
(2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190613501.001.0001 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
What makes biology unique?: considerations on the autonomy of a scientific discipline
Rudge, D. (2005) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.42-3407 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
McGaugh, J. L. (2015) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-014954 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Contributions of the central extended amygdala to fear and anxiety
Shackman, A. J., & Fox, A. S. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0982-16.2016 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
A Bayesian Model of Category-Specific Emotional Brain Responses
Wager, T. D., Kang, J., Johnson, T. D., Nichols, T. E., Satpute, A. B., & Barrett, L. F. (2015) · PLOS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004066 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Self-citationRedefining the role of limbic areas in cortical processing
Chanes, L., & Barrett, L. F. (2016) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.11.005 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Self-citationThe nature of emotion: Fundamental questions
Öhman, A. (1996) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(96)05205-2 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Goense, J. B. M., Merkle, H., & Logothetis, N. K. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.09.019 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Reynolds, S. M., & Berridge, K. C. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2061 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
How should neuroscience study emotions? by distinguishing emotion states, concepts, and experiences
Adolphs, R. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw153 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Of Mice and Men: Natural Kinds of Emotions in the Mammalian Brain? A Response to Panksepp and Izard
Barrett, L. F., Lindquist, K. A., Bliss‐Moreau, E., Duncan, S., Gendron, M., Mize, J., & Brennan, L. E. (2007) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00046.x · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Self-citationDoes Language Do More Than Communicate Emotion?
Lindquist, K. A., Satpute, A. B., & Gendron, M. (2015) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721414553440 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Self-citationMultivariate neural biomarkers of emotional states are categorically distinct
Kragel, P. A., & LaBar, K. S. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsv032 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Spunt, R. P., Satpute, A. B., & Lieberman, M. D. (2010) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2010.21446 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Self-citationAutonomic specificity of basic emotions: Evidence from pattern classification and cluster analysis
Stephens, C. L., Christie, I. C., & Friedman, B. H. (2010) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.03.014 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Motta, S. C., Goto, M., Gouveia, F. V., Baldo, M. V. C., Canteras, N. S., & Swanson, L. W. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0900939106 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
(2016) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.194507 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Degeneracy: A design principle for achieving robustness and evolvability
Whitacre, J., & Bender, A. (2010) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.11.008 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Interareal oscillatory synchronization in top-down neocortical processing
Bressler, S. L., & Richter, C. G. (2014) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2014.08.010 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Iwata, J., & LeDoux, J. E. (1988) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.102.1.66 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Vazdarjanova, A., & McGaugh, J. D. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-15-06615.1999 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
The Psychophysiology of Emotion
Boucsein, W. (2000) · 한국감성과학회 춘계학술대회 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Neural Representations of Emotion Are Organized around Abstract Event Features
Skerry, A. E., & Saxe, R. R. (2015) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.009 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
A Functional Cartography of Cognitive Systems
Mattar, M. G., Cole, M. W., Thompson‐Schill, S. L., & Bassett, D. S. (2015) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004533 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Kant, I., Tremesaygues, A., Pacaud, B., et al. (2013) · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Developmental mechanisms channeling cortical evolution
Finlay, B. L., & Uchiyama, R. (2015) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2014.11.004 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Functionalism cannot save the classical view of emotion
Barrett, L. F. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw156 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural processing as causal inference
Lochmann, T., & Denève, S. (2011) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2011.05.018 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Emotional States from Affective Dynamics
Cunningham, W. A., Dunfield, K. A., & Stillman, P. E. (2013) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073913489749 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
McDougall, W., & Mace, C. A. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203704530 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Washburn, M. F., & Külpe, O. (1894) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.2307/2175979 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Fear Processing and Social Networking in the Absence of a Functional Amygdala
Becker, B., Mihov, Y., Scheele, D., Kendrick, K. M., Feinstein, J. S., Matusch, A., Aydin, M., Reich, H., Urbach, H., Oros‐Peusquens, A., et al. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.11.024 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Intrinsic connectivity in the human brain does not reveal networks for ‘basic’ emotions
Touroutoglou, A., Lindquist, K. A., Dickerson, B. C., & Barrett, L. F. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsv013 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationGuillory, S. A., & Bujarski, K. A. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu002 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
(2016) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Navigating the Science of Emotion
Barrett, L. F. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100508-8.00002-3 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationQuigley, K. S., & Barrett, L. F. (2014) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.12.013 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationFour Models of Basic Emotions: A Review of Ekman and Cordaro, Izard, Levenson, and Panksepp and Watt
Tracy, J., & Randles, D. (2011) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073911410747 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
The Faces of Predictive Coding
Brodski, A., Paasch, G.-F., Helbling, S., & Wibral, M. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1529-14.2015 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Wilson-Mendenhall, C. D., Barrett, L. F., & Barsalou, L. W. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu037 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationMultivoxel pattern analysis does not provide evidence to support the existence of basic emotions
Clark-Polner, E., Johnson, T. D., & Barrett, L. F. (2016) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhw028 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationHeteromodal Cortical Areas Encode Sensory-Motor Features of Word Meaning
Fernandino, L., Humphries, C., Conant, L. L., Seidenberg, M. S., & Binder, J. R. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4095-15.2016 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
The conditions that promote fear learning: Prediction error and Pavlovian fear conditioning
Li, S. S. Y., & McNally, G. P. (2014) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.05.002 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Wilson, B. A. (2017) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2017.1311985 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Gendron, M., Roberson, D. D., & Barrett, L. F. (2015) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797614566659 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Functional Neural Architecture of Self-Reports of Affective Experience
Satpute, A. B., Shu, J., Weber, J., Roy, M., & Ochsner, K. N. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.10.001 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationAt the Neural Intersection Between Language and Emotion
Satpute, A. B., & Lindquist, K. A. (2021) · Affective Science · doi:10.1007/s42761-021-00032-2 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationCircular inference: mistaken belief, misplaced trust
Denève, S., & Jardri, R. (2016) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.04.001 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Categories and Their Role in the Science of Emotion
Barrett, L. F. (2017) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2017.1261581 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Motor Cortex Communicates with the Kidney
Levinthal, D. J., & Strick, P. L. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0406-12.2012 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Neural correlates of novelty and face–age effects in young and elderly adults
Wright, C. I., Negreira, A. M., Gold, A. L., Britton, J. C., Williams, D. M., & Barrett, L. F. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.05.015 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationBarrett, L. F., & Satpute, A. (2013) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2012.12.012 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationSatpute, A. B., Nook, E. C., Narayanan, S., Shu, J., Weber, J., & Ochsner, K. N. (2016) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797616661555 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationMechanisms underlying the early risk to develop anxiety and depression: A translational approach
Kalin, N. H. (2017) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.03.004 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Neonatal amygdala lesions result in globally blunted affect in adult rhesus macaques
Bliss-Moreau, E., Bauman, M. D., & Amaral, D. G. (2011) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0025757 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Ćirić, R., Nomi, J. S., Uddin, L. Q., & Satpute, A. B. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-06866-w · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationSatpute, A., Badre, D., & Ochsner, K. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs408 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationSpunt, R. P., & Adolphs, R. (2015) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797615569002 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Young, S. (2015) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8772-1.ch004 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Oosterwijk, S., Lindquist, K. A., Adebayo, M., & Barrett, L. F. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsv088 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationUnderstanding multimodal emotional expressions: recent advances in basic emotino theory
Keltner, D. J., & Cordaro, D. T. (2017) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Facial Expressions and Emotions in Indigenous Societies
Crivelli, C., & Gendron, M. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190613501.003.0026 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
A tale of survival from the world of patient S. M.
Feinstein, J. S., Adolphs, R., & Tranel, D. (2016) · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Anderson ML 2014 After phrenology: Neural reuse and the interactive brain Cambridge MA MIT Press
- Bliss-Moreau, Lavenex, & Amaral (under review). Fear learning persists following early Amygdala damage in nonhuman primates Manuscript under review
- Clark-Polner E Wager TD Satpute AB Barrett LF 2016b The brain basis of affect, emotion, and emotion regulation: Current issues Lewis M Haviland-Jones J Barrett LF Handbook of emotions 4 New York, NY The Guilford Press
- Clore GL Ortony A 2008 Appraisal theories: How cognition shapes affect into emotion Lewis M Haviland-Jones JM Barrett LF Handbook of emotions 3 628 642 New York, NY Guilford Press
- Lindquist KA Wager TD Kober H Bliss-Moreau E Barrett LF 2012 The brain basis of emotion: A meta-analytic review Behavioral and Brain Sciences 35 3 121 143 22617651 PMC4329228
- Okon-Singer H Stout DM Stockbridge MD Gamer M Fox AS Shackman AJ (in press). The interplay of emotion and cognition Fox AS Lapate RC Shackman AJ Davidson RJ The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions 2 New York Oxford University Press
- Osgood CE Suci GJ Tannenbaum PH 1957 The measurement of meaning 47 Urbana University of Illinois Press
- Tomkins S 1962 Affect imagery consciousness: Volume i: The positive affects New York, NY Springer Publishing
- Tomkins S 1963 Affect imagery consciousness: Volume ii: The negative affects New York, NY Springer Publishing
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Emotional expressions reconsidered: Challenges to inferring emotion from human facial movements
Barrett, L. F., Adolphs, R., Marsella, S., Martinez, A. M., & Pollak, S. D. (2019) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1177/1529100619832930 · Cited by 1,748 · see citing works
Self-citationBeing a Beast Machine: The Somatic Basis of Selfhood
Seth, A. K., & Tsakiris, M. (2018) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2018.08.008 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Emotion words, emotion concepts, and emotional development in children: A constructionist hypothesis
Hoemann, K., Xu, F., & Barrett, L. F. (2019) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000686 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Self-citationViewpoints: Approaches to defining and investigating fear
Mobbs, D., Adolphs, R., Fanselow, M. S., Barrett, L. F., LeDoux, J. E., Ressler, K., & Tye, K. M. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0456-6 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Self-citationA new science of emotion: implications for functional neurological disorder
Jungilligens, J., Paredes-Echeverri, S., Popkirov, S., Barrett, L. F., & Perez, D. L. (2022) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awac204 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationArtEmis: Affective Language for Visual Art
Achlioptas, P., Ovsjanikov, M., Haydarov, K., Elhoseiny, M., & Guibas, L. (2021) · 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.01140 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Mehling, W. E., Chesney, M. A., Metzler, T. J., Goldstein, L. A., Maguen, S., Geronimo, C., Agcaoili, G., Barnes, D. E., Hlavin, J. A., & Neylan, T. C. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22549 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
The differences between suicide ideators and suicide attempters: simple, complicated, or complex
Huang, X., Ribeiro, J. D., & Franklin, J. C. (2020) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000498 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The role of the basolateral amygdala in dreaming
Blake, Y., Terburg, D., Balchin, R., van Honk, J., & Solms, M. (2019) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2018.12.016 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Neurorights, mental privacy, and mind reading
Brown, C. M. L. (2024) · Neuroethics · doi:10.1007/s12152-024-09568-z · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Gendron, M., Mesquita, B., & Barrett, L. F. (2020) · Culture, Mind, and Brain · doi:10.1017/9781108695374.010 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Barrett, L. F., & Satpute, A. B.
- Affiliations
- Northeastern University (US)
- Pomona College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Barrett, Lisa Feldman
- Venue
- Neuroscience Letters
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-02
- Volume
- 693
- Pages
- 9-18
- ISSN
- 0304-3940 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5785564
- OpenAlex
- W2737549857
- Cited by
- 180
- References
- 169
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 2.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuroscience Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes on Aging (AG030311)
- National Cancer Institute (CA193632)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurology and Historical Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › General Psychology › Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology
- Keywords
- affective neuroscience, history of emotion research, multilevel theory
- MeSH terms
- Emotions, Humans, Neural Pathways, Neurosciences, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
