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Cited by 1,160Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, PhenomenaStellar, planetary, and galactic studiesAstrophysics and Star Formation Studies

The New Galaxy: Signatures of Its Formation

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Freeman, Ken, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss·2002·Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
DOI 10.1146/annurev.astro.40.060401.093840
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Abstract

▪ Abstract The formation and evolution of galaxies is one of the great outstanding problems of astrophysics. Within the broad context of hierachical structure formation, we have only a crude picture of how galaxies like our own came into existence. A detailed physical picture where individual stellar populations can be associated with (tagged to) elements of the protocloud is far beyond our current understanding. Important clues have begun to emerge from both the Galaxy (near-field cosmology) and the high redshift universe (far-field cosmology). Here we focus on the fossil evidence provided by the Galaxy. Detailed studies of the Galaxy lie at the core of understanding the complex processes involved in baryon dissipation. This is a necessary first step toward achieving a successful theory of galaxy formation.

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  • Future surveys and instruments will require accurate stellar yields from stars in all mass ranges in order to disentangle Galactic substructure revealed through chemical tagging.

    “Future surveys and instruments (e.g., the GAIA-ESO survey, HERMES on the AAT, APOGEE, LAMOST) will also require accurate stellar yields from stars in all mass ranges in order to disentangle the Galactic substructure revealed through chemical tagging (Freeman & Bland-Hawthorn 2002).”

    From The Dawes Review 2: Nucleosynthesis and Stellar Yields of Low- and Intermediate-Mass Single Stars (2014) · cites this paper as Freeman & Bland-Hawthorn 2002

    Sections 5.2–5.3 describe using chemical signatures to unravel Galactic formation and tag stars to common birth sites. Section 5.7 calls for improved supernova models and discusses yields from progenitors of different masses, while the Epilogue calls for new instruments. The paper does not say that the named surveys require accurate stellar yields from stars in all mass ranges to disentangle substructure. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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  36. The philosophy behind this review has emerged from discussions dating back to the spring of 1988 when KCF and JBH were visiting the Institute of Advanced Study at Princeton. At that time, there was a quorum of galaxy dynamicists at the IAS whose work continues to inspire and excite us. Our thanks go to John Bahcall for this opportunity. We thank Michael Perryman and the Gaia team for the inspiration of the Gaia science mission. We have greatly benefitted from excellent reviews by E. Friel, J. Sellwood, and G. Wallerstein and collaborators. Most recent, we acknowledge the inspiration of colleagues at the 2001 Dunk Island conference, in particular, Tim de Zeeuw, Mike Fall, Ivan King, John Kormendy, John Norris, Jerry Sellwood, Pieter van der Kruit and Ewine van Dishoeck. We have benefited from discussions with Vladimir Avila-Reese, Rainer Beck, Bob Kurucz, Ruth Peterson, Tomek Plewa and Jason Prochaska. We are indebted to Allan Sandage for many constructive comments. Finally, we thank the Editor for suggesting the main title 'New Galaxy' for this review.

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Authors
Freeman, K., & Bland-Hawthorn, J.
Affiliations
  • Australian National University (AU)
  • Anglo-Australian Observatory, 167 Vimiera Road, Eastwood, NSW 2122, Australia;
ORCID
Freeman, Ken
Venue
Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
Publisher
Annual Reviews
Published
2002-09
Volume
40
Issue
1
Pages
487-537
ISSN
  • 0066-4146 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-4282
DOI
10.1146/annurev.astro.40.060401.093840
OpenAlex
W2109138120
Cited by
1,160
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 48 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 60 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 47
FWCI
3.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
  • ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
Keywords
Milky Way formation, hierarchical structure formation, stellar populations, high-redshift universe, galaxy evolution, near-field cosmology

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