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Cited by 873

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 116 of the 116 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Noninvasive Human Brain Stimulation

Wagner, Timothy, Valero-Cabre, Antoni, Pascual-Leone, Alvaro·2007·Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering

Abstract

Noninvasive brain stimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is valuable in research and has potential therapeutic applications in cognitive neuroscience, neurophysiology, psychiatry, and neurology. TMS allows neurostimulation and neuromodulation, while tDCS is a purely neuromodulatory application. TMS and tDCS allow diagnostic and interventional neurophysiology applications, and focal neuropharmacology delivery. However, the physics and basic mechanisms of action remain incompletely explored. Following an overview of the history and current applications of noninvasive brain stimulation, we review stimulation device design principles, the electromagnetic and physical foundations of the techniques, and the current knowledge about the electrophysiologic basis of the effects. Finally, we discuss potential biomedical and electrical engineering developments that could lead to more effective stimulation devices, better suited for the specific applications.

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Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.9.061206.133100

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Metadata

Authors
Wagner, T., Valero-Cabre, A., & Pascual-Leone, A.
Venue
Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering
Published
2007-08-15
Volume
9
Issue
1
Pages
527-565
ISSN
  • 1523-9829 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-4274
OpenAlex
W2087813588
Cited by
873
References
116
FWCI
2.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Noninvasive Human Brain Stimulation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.9.061206.133100
The paper
Wagner, T., Valero-Cabre, A., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2007). Noninvasive Human Brain Stimulation. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.9.061206.133100

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.