The DOI matches its Crossref record; 116 of the 116 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Noninvasive Human Brain Stimulation
Abstract
Noninvasive brain stimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is valuable in research and has potential therapeutic applications in cognitive neuroscience, neurophysiology, psychiatry, and neurology. TMS allows neurostimulation and neuromodulation, while tDCS is a purely neuromodulatory application. TMS and tDCS allow diagnostic and interventional neurophysiology applications, and focal neuropharmacology delivery. However, the physics and basic mechanisms of action remain incompletely explored. Following an overview of the history and current applications of noninvasive brain stimulation, we review stimulation device design principles, the electromagnetic and physical foundations of the techniques, and the current knowledge about the electrophysiologic basis of the effects. Finally, we discuss potential biomedical and electrical engineering developments that could lead to more effective stimulation devices, better suited for the specific applications.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hodgkin, A. L., & Huxley, A. F. (1952) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004764 · Cited by 23,191
Theta Burst Stimulation of the Human Motor Cortex
Huang, Y.-Z., Edwards, M. J., Rounis, E., Bhatia, K. P., & Rothwell, J. C. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.12.033 · Cited by 4,158
Strafella, A. P., Paus, T., Barrett, J., & Dagher, A. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-15-j0003.2001 · Cited by 1,058
Bindman, L. J., Lippold, O. C. J., & Redfearn, J. W. T. (1964) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1964.sp007425 · Cited by 978
INTRACELLULAR ACTIVITIES AND EVOKED POTENTIAL CHANGES DURING POLARIZATION OF MOTOR CORTEX
Purpura, D. P., & McMurtry, J. G. (1965) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1965.28.1.166 · Cited by 870
Lang, N., Siebner, H. R., Ward, N. S., Lee, L., Nitsche, M. A., Paulus, W., Rothwell, J. C., Lemon, R. N., & Frackowiak, R. S. (2005) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04233.x · Cited by 769
Paus, T., Jech, R., Thompson, C. J., Comeau, R., Peters, T., & Evans, A. C. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-09-03178.1997 · Cited by 700
The physiological basis of transcranial motor cortex stimulation in conscious humans
Di Lazzaro, V, Oliviero, A., Pilato, F., Saturno, E., Dileone, M., Mazzone, P., Insola, A., Tonali, P. A., & Rothwell, J. C. (2004) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2003.10.009 · Cited by 584
Transcranial direct current stimulation: A computer-based human model study
Wagner, T., Fregni, F., Fecteau, S., Grodzinsky, A., Zahn, M., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.01.027 · Cited by 567
Self-citationStrafella, A. P. (2003) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awg268 · Cited by 559
Cited by
Rossi, S., Hallett, M., Rossini, P. M., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2009) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.08.016 · Cited by 5,367
Rossini, P. M., Burke, D., Chen, R., Cohen, L. G., Daskalakis, Z., Di Iorio, R., Di Lazzaro, V., Ferreri, F., Fitzgerald, P. B., George, M. S., et al. (2015) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2015.02.001 · Cited by 2,753
Self-citationFox, M. D., Buckner, R. L., White, M. P., Greicius, M. D., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.028 · Cited by 1,270
Harnessing neuroplasticity for clinical applications
Cramer, S. C., Sur, M., Dobkin, B. H., O'Brien, C., Sanger, T. D., Trojanowski, J. Q., Rumsey, J. M., Hicks, R., Cameron, J., Chen, D., et al. (2011) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awr039 · Cited by 1,259
Self-citationRidding, M. C., & Ziemann, U. (2010) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2010.190314 · Cited by 787
Metadata
- Authors
- Wagner, T., Valero-Cabre, A., & Pascual-Leone, A.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2007-08-15
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 527-565
- ISSN
- 1523-9829 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4274
- OpenAlex
- W2087813588
- Cited by
- 873
- References
- 116
- FWCI
- 2.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Noninvasive Human Brain Stimulation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.9.061206.133100
- The paper
- Wagner, T., Valero-Cabre, A., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2007). Noninvasive Human Brain Stimulation. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.9.061206.133100
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.