Cited by 1,231Heat shock proteins researchGenomics and Chromatin DynamicsBacterial Genetics and Biotechnology

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Heat Shock Transcription Factors: Structure and Regulation

Wu, Carl·1995·Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology

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Abstract

Organisms respond to elevated temperatures and to chemical and physiological stresses by an increase in the synthesis of heat shock proteins. The regulation of heat shock gene expression in eukaryotes is mediated by the conserved heat shock transcription factor (HSF). HSF is present in a latent state under normal conditions; it is activated upon heat stress by induction of trimerization and high-affinity binding to DNA and by exposure of domains for transcriptional activity. Analysis of HSF cDNA clones from many species has defined structural and regulatory regions responsible for the inducible activities. The heat stress signal is thought to be transduced to HSF by changes in the physical environment, in the activity of HSF-modifying enzymes. or by changes in the intracellular level of heat shock proteins.

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Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.cb.11.110195.002301

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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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“Hsp genes [2,5].”
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Basal and stress-induced Hsp70 are modulated by ataxin-3
Reina, C. P., Nabet, B. Y., Young, P. D., et al. (2012) · Cell Stress and Chaperones · doi:10.1007/s12192-012-0346-2 · Cited by 33
“The increased level of hsp70 protein protects stressed cells by binding and processing unfolded, misfolded, and aberrant proteins (Lindquist and Craig 1988; Parsell and Linquist 1993; Hartl et al. 1994; Voellmy 1994; Wu 1995; Morimoto 1998).”
Background
Effects of environmental temperature and dietary zinc on egg production performance, egg quality and antioxidant status and expression of heat-shock proteins in tissues of broiler breeders
Liao, X., Li, W., Zhu, Y., Zhang, L., Lü, L., Lin, X., & Luo, X. (2018) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114518001368 · Cited by 34
“In addition to HSP, antioxidant enzymes are induced by stressors and provide the organism with multiple protective options((44,49)).”
Heat Shock Factor-4 (HSF-4a) Represses Basal Transcription through Interaction with TFIIF
Frejtag, W., Zhang, Y., Dai, R., Anderson, M. G., & Mivechi, N. F. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m009224200 · Cited by 33
Activation of Heat Shock Factor 1 by Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate Is Mediated by Its Activities as Pro-oxidant and Thiol Modulator
Kim, S. H., Han, S. I., Oh, S. Y., Chung, H. Y., Kim, H. D., & Kang, H. S. (2001) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.4376 · Cited by 33
Protein synthesis is required for stabilization of hsp70 mRNA upon exposure to both hydrostatic pressurization and elevated temperature
Kaarniranta, K., Holmberg, C. I., Helminen, H. J., et al. (2000) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01693-8 · Cited by 33
Overexpression of Unliganded Steroid Receptors Activates Endogenous Heat Shock Factor
Xiao, N., & DeFranco, D. B. (1997) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/mend.11.9.9976 · Cited by 33
“HSF-1 is the principal member of this family that is thought to regulate hsp70 gene transcription (43, 44) via its binding, as a trimer, to a unique sequence within the hsp70 promoter, termed heat shock response elements (HSEs) (41, 42).”
BackgroundInfluential
Experimental evidence of heparanase, Hsp70 and NF-κB gene expression on the response of anti-inflammatory drugs in TNBS-induced colonic inflammation
Quaglio, A. E. V., Castilho, A. C. S., & Stasi, L. C. D. (2015) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2015.09.023 · Cited by 32
Tools used to study how protein complexes are assembled in signaling cascades
Dwane, S., & Kiely, P. A. (2011) · Bioengineered Bugs · doi:10.4161/bbug.2.5.17844 · Cited by 35
Differential expression of insect and plant specific adhesin genes, Mad1 and Mad2, in Metarhizium robertsii
Barelli, L., Padilla-Guerrero, I. E., & Bidochka, M. (2011) · Fungal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2011.08.003 · Cited by 32
HSF1 Is a Transcriptional Activator of IL-10 Gene Expression in RAW264.7 Macrophages
Zhang, H., Zhang, L., Yu, F.-X., et al. (2012) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-012-9471-4 · Cited by 32
Heat Shock Transcription Factors and the hsp70 Induction Response in Brain and Kidney of the Hyperthermic Rat During Postnatal Development
Morrison, A., Rush, S. J., & Brown, I. R. (2000) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0750363.x · Cited by 32
Ectothermy and endothermy: evolutionary perspectives of thermoprotection by HSPs
Shabtay, A., & Arad, Z. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.01705 · Cited by 32
“In the absence of stress, HSF1 and HSF3 are mostly located in the cytoplasm in an inactive state (Nakai et al., 1995; Wu, 1995; Morimoto, 1998).”
Background
Stress-Response Proteins in Cardiovascular Disease
Xiao, X., & Benjamin, I. J. (1999) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/302305 · Cited by 32
“In vertebrates, stress-inducible up-regulation of Hsp genes is controlled by the family of DNAbinding proteins, or heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) (Wu 1995).”
Background
Heat Shock Response: Lessons from Mouse Knockouts
Christians, E., & Benjamin, I. J. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-29717-0_6 · Cited by 32
“Readers will find additional detailed information in Morimoto and Santoro 1998; Pirkkala et al. 2001; Voellmy 2004; Wu 1995 .”
Background
Heat Shock Protein 70
Li, G. C., & Mivechi, N. F. (1999) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-58259-2_3 · Cited by 31
Genome-wide analysis of HSF family transcription factors and their responses to abiotic stresses in two Chinese cabbage varieties
Ma, J., Xu, Z., Wang, F., Tan, G., Li, M., & Xiong, A. (2013) · Acta Physiologiae Plantarum · doi:10.1007/s11738-013-1432-5 · Cited by 31
“The most important regulators of heat-responsive genes are HS transcription factors (HSFs) (Wu 1995), which widely exist in both plants and animals to regulate the expression of HS proteins (HSPs).”
Expression of hsp70, hsp90 and hsf1 in the reef coral Acropora digitifera under prospective acidified conditions over the next several decades
Nakamura, M., Morita, M., Kurihara, H., & Mitarai, S. (2011) · Biology Open · doi:10.1242/bio.2011036 · Cited by 30
The contribution of chronic intermittent hypoxia to OSAHS: From the perspective of serum extracellular microvesicle proteins
Zhang, H., Yang, F., Guo, Y., Wang, L., Fang, F., Wu, H., Nie, S., Wang, Y., Fung, M., Huang, Y., et al. (2018) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2018.02.012 · Cited by 32
Temperature-sensitive cytoophidium assembly in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Zhang, J., & Liu, J. (2019) · Journal of genetics and genomics/Journal of Genetics and Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2019.09.002 · Cited by 31
Physiological and Molecular Responses to High, Chilling, and Freezing Temperature in Plant Growth and Production: Consequences and Mitigation Possibilities
Zahra, N., Shaukat, K., Hafeez, M. B., Raza, A., Hussain, S., Chaudhary, M. T., Akram, M. Z., Kakavand, S. N., Saddiq, M. S., & Wahid, A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65912-7_10 · Cited by 37
Heat shock protein and heat shock factor 1 expression and localization in vaccinia virus infected human monocyte derived macrophages
Kowalczyk, A., Guzik, K., Ślęzak, K., Dziedzic, J., & Rokita, H. (2005) · Journal of Inflammation · doi:10.1186/1476-9255-2-12 · Cited by 31
“Page 8 of 10 (page number not for citation purposes) The vaccinia virus infection resulted in massive recruitment of the HSE-binding activity in the investigated cells (Fig.”
BackgroundInfluential
Cooption of heat shock regulatory system for anhydrobiosis in the sleeping chironomid Polypedilum vanderplanki
Mazin, P., Shagimardanova, E. I., Kozlova, O., Cherkasov, A. V., Sutormin, R. A., Stepanova, V. V., Stupnikov, A., Logacheva, M. D., Penin, A. A., Sogame, Y., et al. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1719493115 · Cited by 32
“This exon encodes a part of the transactivation domain (17, 18) and its inclusion dropped under desiccation conditions, especially in the anhydrobiotic state of P.”
Background
Differential regulation of Lehsp23.8 in tomato plants: Analysis of a multiple stress-inducible promoter
Yi, S., Sun, A.-Q., Sun, Y., et al. (2006) · Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2006.04.011 · Cited by 31
“The expression of the heat shock genes is regulated mainly at the transcriptional level [22].”
Background
A Systematic Study of the Features Critical for Designing a High Avidity Multivalent Aptamer
Zhao, X., Lis, J. T., & Shi, H. (2013) · Nucleic Acid Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/nat.2012.0410 · Cited by 30
“WU, C. (1995). Heat shock transcription factors: structure and”
BackgroundInfluential
Heat stress induces oxidative stress and activates the KEAP1-NFE2L2-ARE pathway in bovine endometrial epithelial cells
Murata, H., Kunii, H., Kusama, K., Sakurai, T., Bai, H., Kawahara, M., & Takahashi, M. (2021) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1093/biolre/ioab143 · Cited by 29
“Transcriptional activity of HSE was upregulated in the heat-stressed group compared to the control group (P 0.01).”
BackgroundInfluential
Role of Heat Shock Factors in Stress-Induced Transcription
Murshid, A., Prince, T. L., Lang, B., & Calderwood, S. K. (2017) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7477-1_2 · Cited by 29
Dynamic regulation and involvement of the heat shock transcriptional response in arsenic carcinogenesis
Khalil, S. E., Luciano, J. A., Chen, W., & Liu, A. Y. ‐. (2006) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.20599 · Cited by 31

Authors: Wu, C.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Wu, Carl
ORCID: Wu, Carl
Venue: Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 1995-11
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 441-469
ISSN: 1081-0706 (ISSN-L)
1530-8995
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.cb.11.110195.002301
OpenAlex: W2145760315
Cited by: 1,231
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 57
FWCI: 11.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Heat shock proteins research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Keywords: heat shock transcription factor, heat shock proteins, heat shock gene expression, DNA binding, transcriptional activation
MeSH terms: Heat Shock Transcription Factors, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Bacteria, Binding Sites, Cloning, Molecular, DNA-Binding Proteins, Heat-Shock Proteins, Humans, Models, Structural, Molecular Sequence Data, Transcription Factors, Conserved Sequence, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Protein Structure, Secondary, Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs

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Heat Shock Transcription Factors: Structure and Regulation

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