Cited by 1,231Heat shock proteins researchGenomics and Chromatin DynamicsBacterial Genetics and Biotechnology

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Heat Shock Transcription Factors: Structure and Regulation

Wu, Carl·1995·Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology

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Abstract

Organisms respond to elevated temperatures and to chemical and physiological stresses by an increase in the synthesis of heat shock proteins. The regulation of heat shock gene expression in eukaryotes is mediated by the conserved heat shock transcription factor (HSF). HSF is present in a latent state under normal conditions; it is activated upon heat stress by induction of trimerization and high-affinity binding to DNA and by exposure of domains for transcriptional activity. Analysis of HSF cDNA clones from many species has defined structural and regulatory regions responsible for the inducible activities. The heat stress signal is thought to be transduced to HSF by changes in the physical environment, in the activity of HSF-modifying enzymes. or by changes in the intracellular level of heat shock proteins.

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Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.cb.11.110195.002301

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Background
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Self-citation
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Method
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Nematode Hsp90: highly conserved but functionally diverse
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“The expression of most Hsps in response to elevated temperature is regulated by heat shock factor (HSF1), a transcription factor that binds to conserved heat shock elements in the upstream region of Hsp genes (Wu, 1995).”
Background
Expression of stress inducible protein 1 (Stip1) in the mouse testis
Mizrak, S. C., Bogerd, J., Lopez-Casas, P. P., Párraga, M., del Mazo, J., & de Rooij, D. G. (2006) · Molecular Reproduction and Development · doi:10.1002/mrd.20548 · Cited by 16
“After stress induction, it undergoes a transition from a monomer to a homo-dimer form and translocates to the nucleus where it acquires a DNAbinding and transactivation activity (Mosser et al., 1993; Zuo et al., 1994; Wu, 1995).”
Background
Identification and expression analysis of the heat shock transcription factor (HSF) gene family in Populus trichocarpa
Zhang, H., Yang, J., Chen, Y., et al. (2013) · Plant Omics · Cited by 16
Impact of diabetes on alpha-crystallins and other heat shock proteins in the eye
Heise, E. A., & Fort, P. E. (2011) · Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics · doi:10.1007/s12177-011-9073-7 · Cited by 16
“which are then positioned in the promoter region of the targeted gene, promoting the expression of various Hsps [60, 61].”
Background
Heat-Shock-Specific Phosphorylation and Transcriptional Activity of RNA Polymerase II
Egyházi, E., Ossoinak, A., Lee, J. M., Greenleaf, A. L., Mäkelä, T. P., & Pigon, A. (1998) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1006/excr.1998.4112 · Cited by 16
Production of paired helical filament, tau-like proteins by PC12 cells: A model of neurofibrillary degeneration
Bondareff, W., Matsuyama, S. S., & Dell’Albani, P. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19980601)52:5 · Cited by 11
Molecular Chaperones: Key Players of Abiotic Stress Response in Plants
Roy, S., Mishra, M., Dhankher, O. P., Singla-Pareek, S. L., & Pareek, A. (2019) · Sustainable development and biodiversity · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91956-0_6 · Cited by 19
HSF1 and Its Role in Huntington’s Disease Pathology
Kim, H., & Gómez‐Pastor, R. (2022) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/5584_2022_742 · Cited by 21
Delineation of genes for a major QTL governing heat stress tolerance in chickpea
Mohanty, J. K., Thakro, V., Yadav, A., et al. (2024) · Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/s11103-024-01421-4 · Cited by 15
Extracellular Hsp 72: A Double-Edged Sword for Host Defense
Fleshner, M., Johnson, J. D., & Friedman, J. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5585-0_15 · Cited by 15
“The gene for Hsp72 contains at least two regulatory elements that interact with heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) (Wu et al., 1986; Wu 1995).”
Background
Sulfide exposure results in enhanced sqr transcription through upregulating the expression and activation of HSF1 in echiuran worm Urechis unicinctus
Liu, X., Zhang, Z., Ma, X., Li, X., Zhou, D., Gao, B., & Bai, Y. (2015) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.11.021 · Cited by 16
Protection from terminal heat stress: a trade-off between heat-responsive transcription factors (HSFs) and stress-associated genes (SAGs) under changing environment
Kumar, R. R., Goswami, S., Rai, G. K., Jain, N., Singh, P. K., Mishra, D. C., Chaturvedi, K. K., Kumar, S., Singh, B., Singh, G. P., et al. (2020) · Cereal Research Communications · doi:10.1007/s42976-020-00097-y · Cited by 15
“The DNA binding domain (DBD), being highly conserved, has been characterized in the N-terminus of HSF along with helix-turn–helix motif (Wu 1995).”
Background
High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Induces Adipogenesis via Control of Cilia in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue
Oh, S., Kim, H. M., Batsukh, S., Sun, H. J., Kim, T., Kang, D., Son, K. H., & Byun, K. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23168866 · Cited by 17
Lamin A/C phosphorylation at serine 22 is a conserved heat shock response to regulate nuclear adaptation during stress
Virtanen, L., Holm, E., Halme, M., West, G., Lindholm, F., Gullmets, J., Irjala, J., Heliö, T. M., Padzik, A., Meinander, A., et al. (2023) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.259788 · Cited by 14
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Expressions of RB1, CDK4, HSP90, cPLA2G4A, and CHMP2B Is Helpful in Distinction between Myxofibrosarcoma and Myxoid Liposarcoma
Wang, T., Goodman, M. A., McGough, R. L., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Surgical Pathology · doi:10.1177/1066896914532539 · Cited by 15
“It is constitutively expressed and account for 1% to 2% of total cellular protein.(61-63) Its expression increases dramatically under stressful environment and contributes to the survival of cells under such conditions.”
Background
Mild hyperthermia enhances the expression and induces oscillations in the Dicer protein
Oshlag, J. Z., Devasthanam, A. S., & Tomasi, T. B. (2013) · International Journal of Hyperthermia · doi:10.3109/02656736.2012.753471 · Cited by 15
“These changes in HSP expression, as well as up-regulation of HSFl mRNA expression, indicate the presence of the heat shock response [6, 19, 42].”
Background
Identification of HSP90 as Potential Biomarker of Biliary Atresia Using Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry
Dong, R., Deng, P.-M., Huang, Y., Shen, C., Xue, P., & Zheng, S. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068602 · Cited by 15
“The marked upregulation of HSPs is a key part of the heat shock response and is induced primarily by heat shock factor (HSF) [32].”
Background
The Relationship between Phenotypic and Environmental Variation: Do Physiological Responses Reduce Interindividual Differences?
Oleksiak, M. F., & Crawford, D. L. (2012) · Physiological and Biochemical Zoology · doi:10.1086/666904 · Cited by 16
Evolving connections between molecular chaperones and neuronal function
Calderwood, S. K. (2005) · International Journal of Hyperthermia · doi:10.1080/02656730500165480 · Cited by 15
“Decreased HSF1 levels might, thus, place the response beneath a key threshold for activation [21].”
Background
Heat shock factor activation in human muscles following a demanding intermittent exercise protocol is attenuated with hyperthermia
Palomero, J., Broome, C. S., Rasmussen, P., Mohr, M., Nielsen, B., Nybo, L., McArdle, A., & Drust, B. (2007) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01774.x · Cited by 15
“In non-muscle tissues, acute HSP production appears to be under the transcriptional control of HSF1 (Wu 1995).”
Background
Molecular Evolutionary Mechanisms Driving Functional Diversification of the HSP90A Family of Heat Shock Proteins in Eukaryotes
Carretero‐Paulet, L., Albert, V. A., & Fares, M. A. (2013) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/mst113 · Cited by 16
“Heat-induced activation of HSP90A genes is evolutionarily conserved across eukaryotes (Wu 1995; Zou et al. 1998; Yamada et al. 2007; Chan-Schaminet et al. 2009; Leach et al. 2012).”
Background
The Retinoid Antagonist MX781 Induces Clusterin Expression in Prostate Cancer Cells via Heat Shock Factor-1 and Activator Protein-1 Transcription Factors
Bayón, Y., Ortiz, M. A., López-Hernández, F. J., et al. (2004) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-3657 · Cited by 15
“Enhanced heat shock gene expression is regulated by the four-member HSF family of transcription factors (35), with HSF-1 playing a major role in the cellular response to thermal stress”
Background

Authors: Wu, C.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Wu, Carl
ORCID: Wu, Carl
Venue: Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 1995-11
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 441-469
ISSN: 1081-0706 (ISSN-L)
1530-8995
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.cb.11.110195.002301
OpenAlex: W2145760315
Cited by: 1,231
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 57
FWCI: 11.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Heat shock proteins research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Keywords: heat shock transcription factor, heat shock proteins, heat shock gene expression, DNA binding, transcriptional activation
MeSH terms: Heat Shock Transcription Factors, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Bacteria, Binding Sites, Cloning, Molecular, DNA-Binding Proteins, Heat-Shock Proteins, Humans, Models, Structural, Molecular Sequence Data, Transcription Factors, Conserved Sequence, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Protein Structure, Secondary, Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs

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Heat Shock Transcription Factors: Structure and Regulation

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