The DOI matches its Crossref record; 140 of the 141 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Microglial Physiology: Unique Stimuli, Specialized Responses
Abstract
Microglia, the macrophages of the central nervous system parenchyma, have in the normal healthy brain a distinct phenotype induced by molecules expressed on or secreted by adjacent neurons and astrocytes, and this phenotype is maintained in part by virtue of the blood-brain barrier's exclusion of serum components. Microglia are continually active, their processes palpating and surveying their local microenvironment. The microglia rapidly change their phenotype in response to any disturbance of nervous system homeostasis and are commonly referred to as activated on the basis of the changes in their morphology or expression of cell surface antigens. A wealth of data now demonstrate that the microglia have very diverse effector functions, in line with macrophage populations in other organs. The term activated microglia needs to be qualified to reflect the distinct and very different states of activation-associated effector functions in different disease states. Manipulating the effector functions of microglia has the potential to modify the outcome of diverse neurological diseases.
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“Microglia can exist in multiple activation states that are determined by the local stimuli for activation and reflected in production of specific cytokines and chemokines.48”
From CX3CR1 Deficiency Alters Microglial Activation and Reduces Beta-Amyloid Deposition in Two Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models (2010) · cites this paper as [48]
In the citing paper
“play key roles in responses to pathological insults (Ransohoff and Perry, 2009).”
From Local cues establish and maintain region-specific phenotypes of basal ganglia microglia (2017) · cites this paper as Ransohoff and Perry, 2009
Citations
Cites
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Microglia: Active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain
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Blood Monocytes Consist of Two Principal Subsets with Distinct Migratory Properties
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- 10.1016/j.it.2006.11.004 · DOI · Paper page
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Trojan, E., Tylek, K., Schröder, N., Kahl, I., Brandenburg, L.-O., Mastromarino, M., Leopoldo, M., Basta-Kaim, A., & Lacivita, E. (2021) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-021-02543-2 · Cited by 26
Do Microglia default on network maintenance in Alzheimer's disease?
Southam, K. A., Vincent, A. J., & Small, D. H. (2016) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-151075 · Cited by 20
Loss of Homeostatic Microglia Signature in Prion Diseases
Wang, Y., Hartmann, K., Thies, E., Mohammadi, B., Altmeppen, H., Sepulveda-Falla, D., Glatzel, M., & Krasemann, S. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11192948 · Cited by 12
“Activation can be identified by a combination of morphological and immunophenotypic changes [68].”
BackgroundBachstetter, A. D., Watterson, D. M., & Van Eldik, L. J. (2014) · Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s11481-014-9543-3 · Cited by 13
Microglia: Structure and Function
Verkhratsky, A., Noda, M., & Parpura, V. (2015) · Brain Mapping · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397025-1.00356-0 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Ransohoff, R. M., & Perry, V. H.
- Affiliations
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Immunology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2009-04-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 119-145
- ISSN
- 0732-0582 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-3278
- OpenAlex
- W2112880160
- Cited by
- 1,858
- References
- 141
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 106 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 115 · 2020: 113 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 107 · 2017: 111 · 2016: 114 · 2015: 142 · 2014: 155 · 2013: 161 · 2012: 143
- FWCI
- 9.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- microglia, microglial activation, microglial phenotype, blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, neurological disorders, microglial morphology, cell surface antigens
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier, Cell Communication, Central Nervous System, Humans, Macrophage Activation, Macrophages, Signal Transduction, Microglia, Neurotransmitter Agents, Neurodegenerative Diseases
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