INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST: Role in Biology

Arend, William P.; Malyak, Mark; Guthridge, Carla J.; Gabay, Cem

doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.27

Cited by 1,071Cytokine Signaling Pathways and InteractionsImmune Response and InflammationInflammasome and immune disorders

INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST: Role in Biology

Arend, William P., Malyak, Mark, Guthridge, Carla J., Gabay, Cem·1998·Annual Review of Immunology

DOI 10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.27

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Abstract

▪ Abstract The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a member of the IL-1 family that binds to IL-1 receptors but does not induce any intracellular response. Two structural variants of IL-1Ra have previously been described: a 17-kDa form that is secreted from monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and other cells (sIL-1Ra) and an 18-kDa form that remains in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes and other epithelial cells, monocytes, and fibroblasts (icIL-1Ra). An additional 16-kDa intracellular isoform of IL-1Ra has recently been described in neutrophils, monocytes, and hepatic cells. Both of the major isoforms of IL-1Ra are transcribed from the same gene through the use of alternative first exons. The two promoters regulating transcription of the secreted and intracellular forms have been cloned, and some of the functional cis-acting DNA regions have been characterized. The production of IL-1Ra is stimulated by many substances including adherent IgG, other cytokines, and bacterial or viral components. The tissue distribution of IL-1Ra in mice indicates that sIL-1Ra is found predominantly in peripheral blood cells, lungs, spleen, and liver, while icIL-1Ra is found in large amounts in skin. Studies in transgenic and knockout mice indicate that IL-1Ra is important in host defense against endotoxin-induced injury. IL-1Ra is produced by hepatic cells with the characteristics of an acute phase protein. Endogenous IL-1Ra is produced in numerous experimental animal models of disease as well as in human autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. The use of neutralizing anti-IL-1Ra antibodies has demonstrated that endogenous IL-1Ra is an important natural antiinflammatory protein in arthritis, colitis, and granulomatous pulmonary disease. Treatment of human diseases with recombinant human IL-1Ra showed an absence of benefit in sepsis syndrome. However, patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with IL-1Ra for six months exhibited improvements in clinical parameters and in radiographic evidence of joint damage.

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Upregulation of proteins implicated as negative regulators of innate immune activation, such as IL1RN, suggests a negative feedback mechanism with chronic reduction in INPP5D activity.
“Upregulation of proteins which are implicated as negative regulators of innate immune activation (such as IL1RN60) suggest there may be a negative feedback mechanism with a chronic reduction in INPP5D activity.”
From INPP5D regulates inflammasome activation in human microglia (2023) · cites this paper as [60]
IL-1ra plays a key role in local inflammatory processes and is more sensitive than other cytokines such as IL-1β to peripheral changes in the blood.
“In fact, IL-1ra appears to play a key role in local inflammatory processes37 and has been shown to be more sensitive than other cytokines such as IL-1β to peripheral changes in the blood compared to alterations of specific local tissues concentrations38.”
From Increased core body temperature in astronauts during long-duration space missions (2017) · cites this paper as [37]

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Authors: Arend, W. P., Malyak, M., Guthridge, C. J., & Gabay, C.
Affiliations: University of Colorado Health (US)
ORCID: Guthridge, Carla J.
Gabay, Cem
Venue: Annual Review of Immunology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 1998-04
Volume: 16
Issue: 1
Pages: 27-55
ISSN: 0732-0582 (ISSN-L)
1545-3278
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.27
OpenAlex: W2115871198
Cited by: 1,071
References: 174
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 40
FWCI: 4.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Immunology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
Keywords: interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, tissue distribution, acute phase proteins, anti-inflammatory proteins, autoimmune disease, chronic inflammatory diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis
MeSH terms: Animals, Humans, Polymorphism, Genetic, Recombinant Proteins, Sialoglycoproteins, Transcription, Genetic, Receptors, Interleukin-1, Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein

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INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST: Role in Biology

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