Cited by 143Sex and Gender in HealthcareEstrogen and related hormone effectsCardiovascular Function and Risk Factors

Sex-based cardiac physiology

Luczak, Elizabeth D., Leinwand, Leslie A.·2009·Annual Review of Physiology

Abstract

Biological sex plays an important role in normal cardiac physiology as well as in the heart's response to cardiac disease. Women generally have better cardiac function and survival than do men in the face of cardiac disease; however, this sex difference is lost when comparing postmenopausal women with age-matched men. Animal models of cardiac disease mirror what is seen in humans. Sex steroid hormones contribute significantly to sex-based differences in cardiac disease outcomes. Estrogen is generally considered to be cardioprotective, whereas testosterone is thought to be detrimental to heart function. Environmental estrogen-like molecules, such as phytoestrogens, can also affect cardiac physiology in both a positive and a negative manner.

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Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.physiol.010908.163156

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139 of 139 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Sex hormones are thought to play an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases.

    “Likewise, sex hormones are thought to play an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases [19–21].”

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Authors
Luczak, E. D., & Leinwand, L. A.
Affiliations
University of Colorado Boulder (US)
Venue
Annual Review of Physiology
Published
2009-03-01
Volume
71
Issue
1
Pages
1-18
ISSN
  • 0066-4278 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-1585
OpenAlex
W2107190331
Cited by
143
References
135
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 8
FWCI
1.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Annual Review of Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Keywords
sex differences, cardiac physiology, sex hormones, estrogen, testosterone, phytoestrogens, postmenopausal women, heart disease, cardioprotection
MeSH terms
Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Estrogens, Female, Heart, Heart Diseases, Humans, Male, Sex Characteristics, Testosterone, Phytoestrogens, Mice

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