The DOI matches its Crossref record; 94 of the 96 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
State Repression and Political Order
Abstract
▪ Abstract State repression includes harassment, surveillance/spying, bans, arrests, torture, and mass killing by government agents and/or affiliates within their territorial jurisdiction. Over the past 40 years, the systematic study of state repression has grown considerably. The development of this work, however, has been uneven. Though unified in their focus on the problem of order (i.e., trying to ascertain how political authorities wield coercive power amid potential and actual domestic challengers), different scholars tend to emphasize distinct aspects of the topic. Consequently, a great deal of progress has been made in specific areas but others have lagged behind. In this review, I attempt to identify the dominant traditions in the repression literature, the core empirical findings, and some persisting puzzles.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“While addressing issues such as computer-related fraud, cyberbullying, and child pornography, 106 it also empowers police to demand disclosure of personal information from ISPs and online content providers.And it has been used multiple times to charge journalists and regular online users for spreading fake news on Facebook and Twitter.107”
From Legalizing control: the rise of restrictive internet regulation in sub-Saharan Africa (2026) · cites this paper as [107]
In the citing paper
“FDI has been shown to supplement domestic savings, facilitate inte gration into the global economy, promote technological development 24 and enhance the material well-being of the middle class. 25”
From Authoritarian collaboration and repression in the digital age: balancing foreign direct investment and control in internet infrastructure (2026) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Repression is a broad concept that historically includes actions or policies that are meant to, or actually do, raise the costs of activism (4, 5).”
From Physical and virtual repertoires of contention (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“The lion’s share of this work has focused on violence by local or national police and/or militaries (5).”
From Physical and virtual repertoires of contention (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Over 50 years of research on repression shows that the major predictor of most forms of repression is the extent to which a movement or group is a threat (5, 19, 175).”
From Physical and virtual repertoires of contention (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Other factors known from decades of research on repression, such as the structure of political opportunities (177, 178) and/or the weakness of challengers (5, 19, 175), may also affect digital repression.”
From Physical and virtual repertoires of contention (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
Citations
Cites
Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War
FEARON, J. D., & LAITIN, D. D. (2003) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055403000534 · Cited by 7,366
Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy
Lipset, S. M. (1959) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1951731 · Cited by 7,050
The Logic of Violence in Civil War
Kalyvas, S. N. (2006) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511818462 · Cited by 3,488
The Rise of Illiberal Democracy
Zakaria, F. (1997) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20048274 · Cited by 2,699
The Logic of Violence in Civil War
Kalyvas, S. N. (2006) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511818462.001 · Cited by 2,406
Elections as instruments of democracy: majoritarian and proportional visions
(2000) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.38-2390 · Cited by 1,810
Measurement Validity: A Shared Standard for Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Collier, D., & Adcock, R. (2001) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 1,603
The Strategy of Social Protest.
Monti, D. J., Gamson, W. A., Tilly, C., Tilly, L. A., & Tilly, R. (1976) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2576188 · Cited by 1,556
Do Human Rights Treaties Make a Difference?
Hathaway, O. A. (2002) · The Yale Law Journal · doi:10.2307/797642 · Cited by 1,354
Grasping the democratic peace: principles for a post-Cold War world
(1993) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.31-2346 · Cited by 1,165
Research works printed but not linked: 15
- 10.1017/S0003055401003100 · DOI
- Aflatooni A, 1991, J. Polit. Milit. Sociol., 19, 29
- Ball P, 1996, Who Did What to Whom? Planning and Implementing a Large-Scale Human Rights Data Project
- Ball P, 1999, State Violence in Guatemala, 1960–1996: a Quantitative Reflection
- Davis D, 1995, Intranational political interactions (IPI)
- Duvall R, 1988, The Politics of Terrorism, 231
- Francisco R, 2000, European Protest and Coercion Data: Codebook
- Gibney M, 1996, Policy Stud. Dev. Nations, 4, 73
- Humphreys M, 2004, What the fighters say: a survey of ex-combatants in Sierra Leone
- King J, 1998, J. Polit. Mil. Sociol., 26, 191
- Restrepo J, 2004, Homo Oeconom., 21, 396
- Richards D, 1999, Soc. Sci. Q., 80, 648
- Rummel RJ, 1997, Power Kills
- Shellman S. 2007. Taking tactical turns: political survival and government-dissident sequential interactions. Sec. Stud. In press
- Zakaria F, 1997, For. Aff., 76, 22
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 1,002
Sutton, J., Butcher, C. R., & Svensson, I. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2285248 · Cited by 4
Subjective Well-Being and Peaceful Uprisings
Witte, C., Burger, M., & Ianchovichina, E. (2019) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-8705 · Cited by 4
Repression and Social Movements
Earl, J. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470674871.wbespm446.pub2 · Cited by 7
Legalizing control: the rise of restrictive internet regulation in sub-Saharan Africa
Schumann, M. P. (2026) · Democratization · doi:10.1080/13510347.2025.2503370 · Cited by 3
Sudden weather disasters as triggers for ethnic protest in autocracies?
Jansesberger, V. (2024) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103163 · Cited by 4
The Effects of Criminalisation on Activists: The Case of the NoTAP Environmental Movement
Ronco, A. D. (2025) · Critical Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10612-024-09806-z · Cited by 5
“For example, it has shown that, when threatened by dissenters, state actors usually respond with some form of repression, and that repression and mobilisation shape each other in a dynamic and relational interaction (see e.g. Davenport et al. 2005; Davenport 2007).”
Kaire, J. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780197820209.001.0001 · Cited by 3
Co-optation for authoritarian regime stability in post-war Russia: new mapping approach
Loginova, A. (2026) · Democratization · doi:10.1080/13510347.2026.2636049 · Cited by 3
Organised Labour and Autocratisation in Southeast Asia
Caraway, T. L. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780367422080-21 · Cited by 3
Principals’ Responses to Student Gun Violence Protests: Deter, Manage, or Educate for Democracy?
Kwako, A., Rogers, J., Earl, J., & Kahne, J. E. (2023) · Teachers College Record The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1177/01614681231163629 · Cited by 5
“Scholarship on protest control (or what social movement scholars refer to as “social movement repression”) examines how authorities seek to prevent, constrain, or control protest (Davenport, 2007; Earl, 2011).”
BackgroundRak, J., & Bäcker, R. (2023) · Sociológia - Slovak Sociological Review · doi:10.31577/sociologia.2023.55.2.7 · Cited by 3
Authoritarian leaders, economic hardship, and inequality
Han, S. M., & Han, K. (2023) · Democratization · doi:10.1080/13510347.2023.2209022 · Cited by 3
Gender and repression in an autocracy: findings from Belarus
Nikolayenko, O. (2023) · European Journal of Politics and Gender · doi:10.1332/25151088y2023d000000011 · Cited by 3
Pisareva, D. (2024) · East European Politics · doi:10.1080/21599165.2024.2321470 · Cited by 3
“When faced with a large-scale, well-organised dissent, autocracies almost always meet this unrest with repressive action (Davenport 2007; Davenport and Armstrong 2004).”
Gender and Political Compliance Under Authoritarian Rule
Fan, Y., Pan, J., & Zhang, T. (2024) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/00104140241283007 · Cited by 4
“…on political compliance has traditionally focused on behavioral dictates that explicitly specify how subjects are to behave and what punishments and rewards would be meted out for deviance and obedience, respectively (Dahl, 1961; Davenport, 2007; Schumpeter, 1962; Svolik, 2012; Wintrobe, 1998).”
Disaggregating Defection: Dissent Campaign Strategies and Security Force Disloyalty
Dahl, M., Rivera, M., & Gates, S. (2025) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/00220027251348389 · Cited by 3
“As states possess the legitimate monopoly on violence, insurgent campaigns legitimize repression in both democratic or non-democratic regimes (Davenport 2007).”
Examining disparity in police behavior during the 2020 social and political protests
Said, I. A. (2025) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/1745-9125.70000 · Cited by 3
“Research on state repression of protest activity has existed for perhaps as long as people have taken to the streets to express dissatisfaction with the status quo (Davenport, 2007a).”
Strategies of women’s movements to counter backlashes in Pakistan: a case study of Aurat March
Abbas, M., Lashari, S., & Wakil, I. (2025) · Third World Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01436597.2025.2543919 · Cited by 3
“Contentious politics has become a key strategy for resisting oppressive structures through protests, boycotts, and legal actions (Davenport 2007).”
Military westernization and state repression in the post-Cold War era
Swed, O., & Weinreb, A. A. (2015) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.06.004 · Cited by 3
The Canadian way of counterterrorism: introducing the GATE-Canada data set
Chenoweth, E., & Dugan, L. (2016) · Canadian Foreign Policy Journal · doi:10.1080/11926422.2016.1144210 · Cited by 3
“Moreover, we would expect such actions to be repressive rather than conciliatory in nature, in line with the expectation that states respond to threats with violent coercion (Davenport 2007).”
ResultMarkowitz, L. P., & Omelicheva, M. Y. (2018) · Post-Soviet Affairs · doi:10.1080/1060586x.2018.1496646 · Cited by 4
“…businesses, detaining and harassing opposition leaders, shuttering unwanted religious institutions, or stifling critical media outlets – constitute “civil liberty violations” that seek to constrain, not eliminate, actors and narrow their avenues for challenging the regime (Davenport 2007b).”
BackgroundContinuity and Discontinuity: Masculinity and Power Blocs in African Cinema
Ayodabo, S. J., & Amaefula, R. C. (2021) · Quarterly Review of Film and Video · doi:10.1080/10509208.2021.1876482 · Cited by 3
The elite-level demonstration effect of the Arab Spring in Kazakhstan
Dorr, S. (2021) · Central Asian Survey · doi:10.1080/02634937.2021.1893272 · Cited by 4
“It is impossible to determine precisely how authorities perceive a threat (Davenport 2007, 8).”
BackgroundReynolds‐Stenson, H., & Earl, J. (2021) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/00027642211021642 · Cited by 3
“Threat has received substantial empirical support, with Davenport naming the robust relationship the “Law of Coercive Responsiveness” (Davenport, 2007, p. 7).”
BackgroundA Call for Integral Violence Studies
Davenport, C. (2021) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/00027162211018980 · Cited by 3
Self-citationCounterterrorist Legislation Effects on Human Rights and Civil Liberties: A Global Perspective
Shor, E. (2019) · International human rights · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-4181-5_34 · Cited by 3
Barría, F. S. (2022) · Research in social movements, conflicts and change · doi:10.1108/s0163-786x20220000046008 · Cited by 3
Complaints about police misconduct have adverse effects for Black civilians
Kraft, P., & Newman, B. J. (2023) · Political Science Research and Methods · doi:10.1017/psrm.2023.49 · Cited by 4
“Most generally, research on protest and state repression finds that civilian protest can trigger state repression (Davenport, 1995; Carey, 2006; Ritter and Conrad, 2016) and that such repression is often enacted by police forces (Earl, 2003; Ahnen, 2007; Davenport, 2007).”
BackgroundOnline controls and the protest- repression nexus in Iran
Gohdes, A. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197743577.003.0007 · Cited by 4
Violence, what is it good for? Waves of riotous-violent protest and democracy
Onursal, D., Hobbs, A., & Wells, C. (2024) · Democratization · doi:10.1080/13510347.2024.2302544 · Cited by 4
Repression, Interests and Outgroup Attitudes: A Survey Experiment in Post-Coup Myanmar
Chew, I., & Jap, J. (2024) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/00104140241237456 · Cited by 3
“Repression occurs when the “ state [targets] actors who challenge state beliefs, institutions, and actions ” , with the goal of forcing compliance (Davenport, 2007; Hassan et al., 2022).”
Macro-Level Repression and Micro-Level Paths to Political Resistance
Adra, A., & Li, M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197687703.003.0004 · Cited by 4
Fjelde, H., & Olafsdottir, G. (2024) · Government and Opposition · doi:10.1017/gov.2024.17 · Cited by 5
“Core democratic features, such as competitive elections, legislative checks on the executive and political freedoms all serve to protect dis-senting political voices and help to insulate the opposition from intimidation, har-assment and violence (Davenport 2007; Hafner-Burton et al. 2014).”
Why Do Established Democracies Violate Human Rights?
Tanneberg, D. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72559-8_13 · Cited by 3
Hackenesch, C. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63591-0_2 · Cited by 3
“Dominant party systems are generally found to be less likely to use repression than other types of authoritarian regimes since they depend more strongly on the loyalty of broader segments of society (Davenport 2007; Escribà-Folch and Wright 2015).”
BackgroundCivil Dissent and Repression: An Agency-Centric Perspective
Koren, O., & Mukherjee, B. (2020) · Journal of Global Security Studies · doi:10.1093/jogss/ogaa051 · Cited by 3
¿Cuándo reprime la policía a los trabajadores? Acción policial en las huelgas en Chile (2010-2015)
Velásquez, D. A., & Somma, N. M. (2020) · Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales · doi:10.22201/fcpys.2448492xe.2020.241.68277 · Cited by 3
Repressing worker dissent: lethal violence against strikers in the early American labor movement
Lipold, P. F., & Isaac, L. W. (2022) · Labor History · doi:10.1080/0023656x.2022.2053080 · Cited by 3
“This we know with a substantial degree of confidence according to both political scientists (C. Davenport, 2007) and sociologists (Earl & Soule, 2010).”
ResultI. Milliyetçi Cephe Hükümeti: Siyasal Şiddet ve Devlet
YILMAZ, A. G. (2015) · Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.14782/sbd.2015216098 · Cited by 3
Urman, A., & Katz, S. (2022) · Political Research Exchange · doi:10.1080/2474736x.2022.2095920 · Cited by 3
“According to the rational choice literature, in order to decide whether to resort to repression or not, political actors make a rational cost–benefit calculation that includes four major factors: costs, benefits, the likelihood of success and availability of options other than repression (e.g. Duvall and Stohl 1983; P…”
BackgroundCorrea, S. (2025) · American Economic Journal: Microeconomics · doi:10.1257/mic.20220191 · Cited by 2
Does counterinsurgency fuel civil war? Peru and Syria compared
Mucha, W. (2013) · Critical Studies on Terrorism · doi:10.1080/17539153.2013.765704 · Cited by 3
“…witoldmucha@inef.uni-due.de © 2013 Taylor & Francis is striking, particularly as relevant analysis on the issue has been delivered in the past (Walter 1969; Duval and Stohl 1983; Stohl 1988, 2008; Davenport 1995, 2007a, 2007b; Mason and Krane 1989; Henderson 1991; Sluka 2000; Claridge 1996).”
BackgroundTerrorizing Freedom: When Governments Use Repression to Manipulate Elections
Hafner-Burton, E. M., Hyde, S., & Jablonski, R. (2010) · Cited by 3
Johnson, D. B., & Ryan, J. B. (2015) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343315592688 · Cited by 3
Ethno-political Organizations in the Middle East: When Do They Opt for Violence?
Karakaya, S. (2016) · Politics and Religion · doi:10.1017/s1755048316000195 · Cited by 3
Identifiability, state repression, and the onset of ethnic conflict
Mele, C., & Siegel, D. A. (2019) · Public Choice · doi:10.1007/s11127-019-00664-w · Cited by 3
“We have focused narrowly on the identity choice of the minority group, but our model also speaks to a broad literature on the impact of repression on minority group behavior (Davenport and Inman, 2012; Davenport, 2007; Earl, 2011; Ritter and Conrad, 2016).”
ResultBramsen, I. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies · doi:10.31374/sjms.13 · Cited by 3
Does repression work?: Measuring repression’s effect on protest using an instrumental variable model
Asal, V. H., & Brown, J. M. (2020) · Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict · doi:10.1080/17467586.2020.1821073 · Cited by 3
“Governments respond with repression when faced with actual or potential challenges to their rule (Davenport, 2007; Ritter, 2014; Ritter & Conrad, 2016; Sullivan, 2016).”
BackgroundWait, There’s Torture in Zootopia? Examining the Prevalence of Torture in Popular Movies
Delehanty, C., & Kearns, E. M. (2020) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592719005012 · Cited by 4
“Democracies such as the United States generally have fewer human rights violations because voters punish leaders for violating democratic norms (Davenport 2007).”
BackgroundForeign interests and state repression: Theory and evidence from the Armenian genocide
Lehmann, M. C. (2022) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/00223433211068304 · Cited by 3
“…Bauman, 2001; Valentino, Huth & Balch-Lindsay, 2004; Valentino, 2004; Davenport & Armstrong, 2004; Bueno de Mesquita et al., 2005; Midlarsky, 2005; Davenport, 2007b; Waller, 2007; Powell & Staton, 2009; Pierskalla, 2010;Besley&Persson,2011;Voigtlaender&Voth,2012; Straus, 2013; Hill & Jones, 2014).”
Calaresu, M., & Tebaldi, M. (2019) · Police Practice and Research · doi:10.1080/15614263.2019.1677231 · Cited by 3
Elections and Political Instability: Ballots to Bullets, Voting to Violence?Preprint
Goldsmith, B. E., Butcher, C. R., Semenovich, D., & Sowmya, A. (2012) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2074874 · Cited by 3
More Than Tools: ICTs Influencing Social Movement’s Opportunity StructuresPreprint
Vasquez, E., & Fatima, K. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2242532 · Cited by 1
The Agency Problem Underlying the Use of RepressionPreprint
Tyson, S. A. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2864452 · Cited by 3
Police Repression And Protest Behavior: Evidence From Student Protests In ChilePreprint
Prem, M., & GonzÔøΩlez, F. (n.d.) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 3
Elite murder and popular resistance: Evidence from post-World War II Poland
Krakowski, K., & Schaub, M. (2022) · Working Paper Series · doi:10.35188/unu-wider/2022/281-2 · Cited by 3
“While authoritarian regimes have strong incentives to repress opposition elites (Bhasin and Gandhi 2013; Davenport 2007), the audience costs of targeting these highly visible figures are oftentimes prohibitive (see De Juan et al. 2022).”
BackgroundCounterinsurgency as an institution: Evidence from Turkey
Aydın, A., & Emrence, C. (2021) · International Interactions · doi:10.1080/03050629.2021.1898953 · Cited by 2
“While some mechanisms can reduce the fallout from victimization (perpetrator-victim affinities), others can ease the civilians’ transition to the other side (Davenport 2007).”
BackgroundExposure to state violence and substance use
Blackman, A. D., Kammourh, S., & Nugent, E. R. (2022) · Research & Politics · doi:10.1177/20531680221136088 · Cited by 3
“…actual or threatened violence to maintain control over populations (Hassan et al., 2022), revolution is an instance of contentious politics that prominently features defensive and often escalating state violence against mobilized civilians (Calvert, 1967; Davenport, 2007, 2015; Lichbach, 1987).”
BackgroundKarataşlı, Ş. S. (2023) · Research in social movements, conflicts and change · doi:10.1108/s0163-786x20230000047003 · Cited by 2
The Symbolic Management of Protest: Conceptualization, Typology, and Patterns in Mexican Protest
Sullivan, H. (2023) · Global Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1093/isagsq/ksad051 · Cited by 2
Introducing the Concentration Camps (CCamps v1.0) dataset
Nostrand, R. D. V., Braithwaite, A., & Solomon, D. (2024) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/00223433241288339 · Cited by 2
“Agents of the state harass, surveil, arrest, torture, and kill en masse, all in the name of maintaining state strength, security, and political order (Davenport, 2007).”
Ethno-religious State Repression in Non-Democratic Regimes: A Systematic Literature Review
Botica, S. L., Inguanzo, I., & Díaz, A. M. (2025) · Nationalities Papers · doi:10.1017/nps.2025.19 · Cited by 2
“First, articles focused on systemic discrimination, or sociopolitical marginalization do not align with Davenport ’ s (2007) definition of repression, and second, they are not easily attributable to a coercive state-driven policy but could rather be the outcome of pervasive social inequalities and…”
InfluentialDepoliticizing rebels: Government use of civilian trials during armed conflict
Reyes, L. E., Conrad, J. M., & Loyle, C. E. (2025) · Conflict Management and Peace Science · doi:10.1177/07388942251342975 · Cited by 2
“It may also help bridge works on civil wars and repression, particularly repression scholarship on autocratic survival and the use of courts as tools of repression (Davenport, 2007; Massoud, 2013; Shen-Bayh, 2018).”
Ethnicity and Strategic Repression of Protest during the 2011 Syrian Uprising
Ash, K., & Mazur, K. (2025) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s153759272510279x · Cited by 2
Knowing Is Disturbing: Emotions and Public Attitudes toward Digital Control under Autocracy
Guo, D., & Kostka, G. (2025) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592725103551 · Cited by 3
“To achieve this goal, autocrats repress those who oppose (Davenport 2007), co-opt the elite and the masses (Gandhi and Przeworski 2006; Knutsen and Rasmussen 2018), and legitimize their rule to create “ legitimacy belief ” among their subjects (Gerschewski 2013).”
Marheinecke, R., Blasberg, J. U., Lin, J., Opel, N., Spitzer, C., Strauss, B. M., Epel, E. S., & Engert, V. (2025) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2025.10493 · Cited by 4
“Although the exact methods of repression used in the GDR are historically unique to their specific context, soft repression techniques continue to play an active role in authoritarian (but also democratic or hybrid 2 ) regimes today, as studies in Hong Kong, Zimbabwe or Colombia demonstrate.”
Turner, J. H. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6221-8_8 · Cited by 2
Warum missachten etablierte Demokratien das Recht auf körperliche Unversehrtheit?
Tanneberg, D. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-05945-3_13 · Cited by 2
Pérez‐Sales, P. (2018) · Torture Journal · doi:10.7146/torture.v28i1.105473 · Cited by 2
Ríos, I. C. (2018) · Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales · doi:10.22201/fcpys.2448492xe.2019.235.63256 · Cited by 2
Contentious Politics in China: Causes, Dynamics, and Consequences
Elfström, M., & Li, Y. (2019) · Brill Research Perspectives in Governance and Public Policy in China · doi:10.1163/24519227-12340005 · Cited by 2
The Authoritarian Governor’s Dilemma
Thomson, H. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198855057.003.0003 · Cited by 2
A King Stifling Voices of Dissent? Popular Protests and State Responses in Xi's China
Wang, H., Tzeng, W., Wang, S., & Chiu, W. (2021) · Pacific Focus · doi:10.1111/pafo.12177 · Cited by 2
Reconsidering a human right to democracy
Barry, C. (2020) · Journal of Global Ethics · doi:10.1080/17449626.2020.1869057 · Cited by 2
“…in common many other properties that are not shared by many countries that might be facing the prospect of democratization.12 What is more, there is some evidence that processes of democratization can, under certain circumstances, undermine human rights (Mansfield and Snyder 2002; Davenport 2007).”
BackgroundEconomic crises, civilian mobilization, and repression in developing states
Koren, O., & Mukherjee, B. (2021) · Conflict Management and Peace Science · doi:10.1177/07388942211024956 · Cited by 2
“…extant research lies in its limited ability to explore ‘‘the disaggregation of repressive behavior across time, space, and types of activity,’’ especially because ‘‘[m]ost researchers employ data aggregated to the nation-year in an effort to understand causal relationships’’ (Davenport, 2007: 18).”
BackgroundInfluentialInterventions and repression following civil conflict
Bsisu, N., & Murdie, A. M. (2021) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/00223433211010857 · Cited by 4
“civil conflict, human rights abuses, interventions, repression Civil conflicts are extremely detrimental to human rights.1 Governments are more likely to respond with repression when they are violently threatened (Davenport, 2007).”
BackgroundKaravardanyan, S. (2021) · Operations Research Forum · doi:10.1007/s43069-021-00099-4 · Cited by 2
“What have we learned from the equilibrium outcomes of signaling games in autocratic and democratic regimes? Do these outcomes convey any real-world phenomenon that can inform us about the direction of dissent mobilization and police repression as articulated by the Law of Coercive Responsiveness? We argue that our mod…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialViolencia sexual derivada del conflicto
Nordås, R., & Cohen, D. K. (2022) · Estudios Socio-Jurídicos · doi:10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/sociojuridicos/a.11116 · Cited by 2
Repudiation and Repression: The Human Costs of Sovereign Default
Bagwell, S. (2023) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci12030121 · Cited by 2
Shaming and Treaty Ratification
Welch, R. M. (2023) · Journal of Global Security Studies · doi:10.1093/jogss/ogad007 · Cited by 3
State Repression and Militarization of Secessionist Movement in Southeast Nigeria
Onyemaobi, M. C., Chris-Sanctus, O. E., & Ngwu, E. C. (2023) · African Journal of Law Political Research and Administration · doi:10.52589/ajlpra-win1436w · Cited by 2
Religion as a tool for authoritarian legitimation: The case of Bangladesh
Riaz, A. (2024) · World Affairs · doi:10.1002/waf2.12016 · Cited by 6
Electoral institutions and repression in dictatorships
Cheng, C.-Y., & Noh, Y. (2024) · Electoral Studies · doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2024.102791 · Cited by 2
Toska, S. (2024) · doi:10.1093/9780197774892.001.0001 · Cited by 3
Chicago Police Torture and the Limits of Human Rights Enforcement in Liberal Democracies
Berlin, M. S. (2024) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592724001385 · Cited by 2
“…rights, state abuse, and torture has consistently found that the core institutions of liberal democracies 1 — namely competitive elections (e.g., Davenport 2007; Hill and Jones 2014; Poe, Tate, and Keith 1999), independent courts (e.g., Crabtree and Fariss 2015; Keith 2012; Powell and Staton…”
How does violence deter? Functional and informational effects of preemptive repression
Aktan, D. (2025) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/00223433241299224 · Cited by 2
“The ambiguity of the effect of repression, along with its ubiquity, has come to be referred to as the ‘puzzle of persistent repression’ (Davenport, 2007a; Davenport and Loyle, 2012; DeMeritt, 2016).”
InfluentialPower, Protest, and Possibilities in Central and Eastern Europe
Meyer, D. S. (2025) · Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-77888-9_16 · Cited by 2
I Would Rather Die: Postcolonial Analysis of Rebellion Speeches in Star Wars: Andor
Vera‐Phillips, K. (2025) · The Journal of Popular Culture · doi:10.1111/jpcu.70003 · Cited by 2
Foreign Correspondence in China: Authoritarian Media Control and Journalistic Responses
Lim, L. (2025) · The International Journal of Press/Politics · doi:10.1177/19401612251379585 · Cited by 4
Single-Party Autocracies, Ideology, and Repression
Møller, J. Ø., & Skaaning, S. (2013) · Cited by 2
Young, J. G. (2013) · The Americas A Quarterly Review of Latin American History · doi:10.1017/s0003161500002881 · Cited by 2
The sin of words: Censorship and self‐censorship in China during the Qing dynasty (1644–1911)
Li, P. (2023) · Asia‐Pacific Economic History Review · doi:10.1111/aehr.12268 · Cited by 3
Shocks, Commitment, and the Risk of Civil War
Daxecker, U. (2011) · International Interactions · doi:10.1080/03050629.2011.546239 · Cited by 2
“Democratic political institutions decrease state repressive behavior, a finding referred to as a “domestic democratic peace” ( Davenport 2007 :11).”
BackgroundKreutz, J. (2015) · European Political Science · doi:10.1057/eps.2015.63 · Cited by 2
Dirty war: chemical weapon use and domestic repression
Brathwaite, R. (2016) · Defence Studies · doi:10.1080/14702436.2016.1220804 · Cited by 2
Palmer, D. A., & Ning, R. (2016) · Cited by 2
Killing the Movement: How Islam Became a Rival of Ethnic Movement in Turkey, 1991–2002
Emrence, C., & Aydın, A. (2017) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s0163-786x20170000041010 · Cited by 2
Should humanitarian interveners promote democracy after genocide?
Recchia, S. (2018) · International Theory · doi:10.1017/s1752971917000173 · Cited by 2
Decentralization and the Gamble for Unity
Gibilisco, M. B. (2016) · CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) · Cited by 2
The Nature of Popular Protest and the Employment of Repressive State Capacity in China
Wang, S., Wang, H., & Tzeng, W. (2019) · Issues & Studies · doi:10.1142/s1013251119500048 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Davenport, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Corresponding author
- Davenport, Christian
- ORCID
- Davenport, Christian
- Venue
- Annual Review of Political Science
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2007-06-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-23
- ISSN
- 1094-2939 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-1577
- OpenAlex
- W2149047800
- Cited by
- 1,564
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 65 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 114 · 2023: 140 · 2022: 134 · 2021: 146 · 2020: 189 · 2019: 141 · 2018: 102 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 61 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 9.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Political Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Memory, violence, and history
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
- Keywords
- state repression, political order, coercive power, surveillance, torture, mass murder, arrests, ban, political authority, state-society relations
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
