The DOI matches its Crossref record; 94 of the 96 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
State Repression and Political Order
Abstract
▪ Abstract State repression includes harassment, surveillance/spying, bans, arrests, torture, and mass killing by government agents and/or affiliates within their territorial jurisdiction. Over the past 40 years, the systematic study of state repression has grown considerably. The development of this work, however, has been uneven. Though unified in their focus on the problem of order (i.e., trying to ascertain how political authorities wield coercive power amid potential and actual domestic challengers), different scholars tend to emphasize distinct aspects of the topic. Consequently, a great deal of progress has been made in specific areas but others have lagged behind. In this review, I attempt to identify the dominant traditions in the repression literature, the core empirical findings, and some persisting puzzles.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“While addressing issues such as computer-related fraud, cyberbullying, and child pornography, 106 it also empowers police to demand disclosure of personal information from ISPs and online content providers.And it has been used multiple times to charge journalists and regular online users for spreading fake news on Facebook and Twitter.107”
From Legalizing control: the rise of restrictive internet regulation in sub-Saharan Africa (2026) · cites this paper as [107]
In the citing paper
“FDI has been shown to supplement domestic savings, facilitate inte gration into the global economy, promote technological development 24 and enhance the material well-being of the middle class. 25”
From Authoritarian collaboration and repression in the digital age: balancing foreign direct investment and control in internet infrastructure (2026) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Repression is a broad concept that historically includes actions or policies that are meant to, or actually do, raise the costs of activism (4, 5).”
From Physical and virtual repertoires of contention (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“The lion’s share of this work has focused on violence by local or national police and/or militaries (5).”
From Physical and virtual repertoires of contention (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Over 50 years of research on repression shows that the major predictor of most forms of repression is the extent to which a movement or group is a threat (5, 19, 175).”
From Physical and virtual repertoires of contention (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Other factors known from decades of research on repression, such as the structure of political opportunities (177, 178) and/or the weakness of challengers (5, 19, 175), may also affect digital repression.”
From Physical and virtual repertoires of contention (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
Citations
Cites
Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War
FEARON, J. D., & LAITIN, D. D. (2003) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055403000534 · Cited by 7,366
Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy
Lipset, S. M. (1959) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1951731 · Cited by 7,050
The Logic of Violence in Civil War
Kalyvas, S. N. (2006) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511818462 · Cited by 3,488
The Rise of Illiberal Democracy
Zakaria, F. (1997) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20048274 · Cited by 2,699
The Logic of Violence in Civil War
Kalyvas, S. N. (2006) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511818462.001 · Cited by 2,406
Elections as instruments of democracy: majoritarian and proportional visions
(2000) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.38-2390 · Cited by 1,810
Measurement Validity: A Shared Standard for Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Collier, D., & Adcock, R. (2001) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 1,603
The Strategy of Social Protest.
Monti, D. J., Gamson, W. A., Tilly, C., Tilly, L. A., & Tilly, R. (1976) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2576188 · Cited by 1,556
Do Human Rights Treaties Make a Difference?
Hathaway, O. A. (2002) · The Yale Law Journal · doi:10.2307/797642 · Cited by 1,354
Grasping the democratic peace: principles for a post-Cold War world
(1993) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.31-2346 · Cited by 1,165
Research works printed but not linked: 15
- 10.1017/S0003055401003100 · DOI
- Aflatooni A, 1991, J. Polit. Milit. Sociol., 19, 29
- Ball P, 1996, Who Did What to Whom? Planning and Implementing a Large-Scale Human Rights Data Project
- Ball P, 1999, State Violence in Guatemala, 1960–1996: a Quantitative Reflection
- Davis D, 1995, Intranational political interactions (IPI)
- Duvall R, 1988, The Politics of Terrorism, 231
- Francisco R, 2000, European Protest and Coercion Data: Codebook
- Gibney M, 1996, Policy Stud. Dev. Nations, 4, 73
- Humphreys M, 2004, What the fighters say: a survey of ex-combatants in Sierra Leone
- King J, 1998, J. Polit. Mil. Sociol., 26, 191
- Restrepo J, 2004, Homo Oeconom., 21, 396
- Richards D, 1999, Soc. Sci. Q., 80, 648
- Rummel RJ, 1997, Power Kills
- Shellman S. 2007. Taking tactical turns: political survival and government-dissident sequential interactions. Sec. Stud. In press
- Zakaria F, 1997, For. Aff., 76, 22
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,002
Politics and Threat Perception: Explaining Pakistani Military Strategy on the North West Frontier
Staniland, P., Mir, A., & Lalwani, S. P. (2018) · Security Studies · doi:10.1080/09636412.2018.1483160 · Cited by 19
From repression to oppression: news journalism in Turkey 2013–2018
Pukallus, S., Bradley, L., Clarke, S., & Harrison, J. (2020) · Media Culture & Society · doi:10.1177/0163443720916407 · Cited by 19
NGO repression as a predictor of worsening human rights abuses
Chaudhry, S., & Heiss, A. (2022) · Journal of Human Rights · doi:10.1080/14754835.2022.2030205 · Cited by 20
“Democracies have a negative effect on repression largely because of the increased probability of sanctions against authorities for undesirable behavior (Davenport, 2007b, p. 47).”
BackgroundRepression and backlash protests: Why leader arrests backfire
Schulte, F., & Steinert, C. (2023) · International Interactions · doi:10.1080/03050629.2023.2149513 · Cited by 19
“The concept of repressive actions as triggering events has rarely been applied to tackle the “punishment puzzle” (Davenport 2007, 8).”
BackgroundThe Political Effects of Witnessing State Atrocities: Evidence from the Nazi Death Marches
Juan, A. D., Gläßel, C., Haaß, F., & Scharpf, A. (2023) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/00104140231178736 · Cited by 21
“According to the law of coercive responsiveness, autocratic leaders have little hesitation to escalate violence and make use of disappearances, torture, or extra-judicial killings if they think their stay in of fi ce is at risk (Davenport, 2007b).”
The Micro-Sociology of Peace and Conflict
Bramsen, I. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009282710 · Cited by 22
The Effect of Religious Restrictions on Forced Migration
Kolbe, M., & Henne, P. S. (2014) · Politics and Religion · doi:10.1017/s1755048314000522 · Cited by 19
How protest affects opinions of peaceful demonstration and expression rights
Murdie, A., & Purser, C. (2016) · Journal of Human Rights · doi:10.1080/14754835.2016.1260441 · Cited by 19
“Peaceful protests are also less likely to face the violent government backlash that often follows violent dissent (Davenport 2007).”
BackgroundHackenesch, C. (2015) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.04.002 · Cited by 19
IMF Lending Programs and Repression in Autocracies
Nelson, S. C., & Dinkel, C. P. (2024) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1093/isq/sqae149 · Cited by 18
(Re)Setting the boundaries of peacebuilding in a changing global order
Kobayashi, K., Krause, K. R., & Yuan, X. (2025) · Contemporary Security Policy · doi:10.1080/13523260.2025.2466287 · Cited by 26
“…regards political order as the product of efforts by “political authorities [to] wield coercive power amid potential and actual domestic challengers” (Davenport, 2007, p. 1; see also Tilly, 1990); the maximalist view would note that “at some periods in some areas political life has been rather…”
Contesting Authoritarianism : Labor Challenges to the State in Egypt
Bishara, D. (2018) · Cited by 18
Raise your voices! Civilian protest in civil wars
Vüllers, J., & Krtsch, R. (2020) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2020.102183 · Cited by 15
State Concessions and Protest Mobilization in Authoritarian Regimes
Leuschner, E., & Hellmeier, S. (2023) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/00104140231169022 · Cited by 13
“…2011; Klein & Regan, 2018; Mueller, 2022; Vüllers & Schwarz, 2019), the rich literature on the government ’ s responses to protest has predominantly focused on state repression and its implications for protesters (Carey, 2006; Davenport, 2007; Opp & Roehl, 1990; Steinert-Threlkeld et al., 2021).”
BackgroundMebane, W. R., & Poast, P. (2013) · Political Analysis · doi:10.1093/pan/mps043 · Cited by 20
Military Size and the Effectiveness of Democracy Assistance
Savage, J. D. (2015) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002715595864 · Cited by 18
“Regimes can use violence and intimidation to exclude opposition actors from the political sphere or limit their effectiveness (Davenport 2007).”
BackgroundVadlamannati, K. C., Janz, N., & de Soysa, I. (2020) · Business & Society · doi:10.1177/0007650320928972 · Cited by 19
“They also provide alternative mechanisms of control for citizens via participation, so that grievances are expressed at the ballot rather than in violent protests (Davenport, 2007).”
BackgroundViolence, non-violence and the conditional effect of repression on subsequent dissident mobilization
Chiang, A. Y. (2021) · Conflict Management and Peace Science · doi:10.1177/0738894221995481 · Cited by 21
Transgressiveness, civil society and Internet control in Southeast Asia
Yangyue, L. (2014) · The Pacific Review · doi:10.1080/09512748.2014.909520 · Cited by 19
“Else-where it has been argued that the content of political contentiousness has a great impact on government responses (Davenport 2007; Regan and Hen-derson 2002).”
BackgroundTurner, K. D., & Crabtree, K. (2021) · Social Science Quarterly · doi:10.1111/ssqu.13075 · Cited by 17
Jung, H. (2022) · Asian Journal of Comparative Politics · doi:10.1177/20578911221103641 · Cited by 17
“Considering the nature of democratic movements—resistance to repressive and violent dictatorship—researchers have focused particularly on these movements’ impacts on social attitudes (Davenport, 2007; Lupu and Peisakhin, 2017).”
BackgroundReligious Leaders and Resistance to Repression: The Bishops Opposed to Argentina’s Dirty War
Edwards, P. (2023) · Comparative Politics · doi:10.5129/001041523x16981046392032 · Cited by 17
Civil Action in the Syrian Conflict
Pearlman, W. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190056896.003.0002 · Cited by 17
Bakker, R., Hill, D. W., & Moore, W. H. (2016) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343316655020 · Cited by 17
Liou, R. Y.-L., Murdie, A., & Peksen, D. (2022) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/00220027221118249 · Cited by 17
Competing judgments: Multiple election observers and post-election contention
Morrison, K., Donno, D., Savun, B., & Davutoglu, P. (2024) · The Review of International Organizations · doi:10.1007/s11558-023-09528-x · Cited by 20
“18 Research on repression and societal contention 1 3 Competing judgments makes clear that the relationship is complex; repression generally suppresses mobilization but at times can exacerbate grievance that leads to a tipping point (Davenport, 2007; Ritter & Conrad, 2016).”
The dynamics of backlash online: Anonymous and the Battle for WikiLeaks
Earl, J., & Beyer, J. L. (2014) · Intersectionality and Social Change · doi:10.1108/s0163-786x20140000037007 · Cited by 17
Striking News: Discursive Power of the Press as Capitalist Resource in Gilded Age Strikes
Isaac, L. W., Coley, J. S., Mai, Q. D., & Jacobs, A. W. (2022) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/719424 · Cited by 19
The Northern Ireland Research Initiative: Data on the Troubles from 1968 to 1998
Loyle, C. E., Sullivan, C. M., & Davenport, C. (2013) · Conflict Management and Peace Science · doi:10.1177/0738894213501974 · Cited by 17
“Interestingly, the impact of political dissent, terrorism and insurgency on government behavior is much clearer and more consistently identified (e.g. Davenport, 2007).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPfaff, K. (2019) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101337 · Cited by 17
Authoritarianization and Human Rights in Turkey: How the AKP Legitimizes Human Rights Violations
Çaman, E. (2020) · Philosophy and politics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57476-5_9 · Cited by 17
Does State Repression Suppress the Protest Participation of Religious People?
Lu, Y., & Yang, F. (2018) · Sociology of Religion · doi:10.1093/socrel/sry029 · Cited by 17
Multidimensional Measures of Militarization (M 3 ): A Global Dataset
Bayer, M., Croissant, A., Izadi, R., & Scheeder, N. (2023) · Armed Forces & Society · doi:10.1177/0095327x231215295 · Cited by 16
Time and Country Variation in Contentious Politics: Multilevel Modeling of Dissent and Repression
Maher, T. V., & Peterson, L. R. (2008) · International Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2753/ijs0020-7659380303 · Cited by 16
Palmer, D. A., & Ning, R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108784146.013 · Cited by 17
Who Tortures the Terrorists? Transnational Terrorism and Military Torture
Conrad, C. R., Conrad, J. M., Walsh, J. I., & Piazza, J. A. (2014) · Foreign Policy Analysis · doi:10.1111/fpa.12066 · Cited by 17
“Although they are likely to engage in torture when they are threatened (Davenport et al. 2008; Conrad and Moore 2010),11 Democracies are otherwise less likely to commit gross human rights violations than their dictatorial counterparts (Poe, Tate, and Keith 1999; Davenport 2007).”
BackgroundPolitical violence and child health: Results from Zimbabwe
Shemyakina, O. N. (2021) · Economics & Human Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2021.101010 · Cited by 16
Shor, E., Filkobski, I., Bloom, P. B., Alkilabi, H., & Su, W. (2016) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.12.007 · Cited by 15
Explaining State Violence in the Guatemalan Civil War: Rebel Threat and Counterinsurgency
Kubota, Y. (2017) · Latin American Politics and Society · doi:10.1111/laps.12026 · Cited by 17
Amusing Ourselves to Loyalty? Entertainment, Propaganda, and Regime Resilience in China
Xia, S. (2021) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/10659129211049389 · Cited by 17
“Prior research chiefly concentrates on the array of crude tactics used by authoritarian rulers, such as repression (Davenport 2007; Shen-Bayh 2018; Young 2019) and censorship (King, Pan, and Roberts 2013; Roberts 2018; Shadmehr and Bernhardt 2015).”
BackgroundPolitical shocks in foreign policy and international politics: an alternative approach
Gordell, K. M., & Volgy, T. J. (2022) · Canadian Foreign Policy Journal · doi:10.1080/11926422.2021.2013911 · Cited by 19
“The base model contains a set of variables typically used in the literature to predict levels of human rights in countries (e.g. Davenport, 2007; Murdie & Bhasin, 2011 Poe & Figure 3.”
MethodSvensson, I., Schaftenaar, S., & Allansson, M. (2022) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/00220027221109791 · Cited by 14
“Why do governments repress civil protests, and what is the outcome of this type of repression (Davenport 2007, 2005, Lichbach 1987, Moore 1998)?”
Upping the ante without taking up arms: Why mass movements escalate demands
Kang, S. (2023) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/00223433221137614 · Cited by 16
“The regularity with which this happens has been termed the ‘law of coercive responsiveness’, that is, dissent increases repression (Davenport, 2007).8 State coercion can take many forms (e.g. bans, arrests, torture, harassment, surveillance/spying, and mass killing) and regime violence can be…”
BackgroundA win or a flop? Measuring mass protest successfulness in authoritarian settings
Turner, K. D. (2023) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/00223433221140434 · Cited by 15
“Under the law of coercive responsiveness (Davenport, 2007), regime retaliation against demonstrators is likely as mass mobilizations are particularly threatening.”
BackgroundThe political process in nations: Civil society participation and income inequality
Σίντος, Α., Chletsos, M., & Kontos, K. (2024) · Kyklos · doi:10.1111/kykl.12375 · Cited by 15
Ayanian, A. H., Adra, A., Zeineddine, F. B., Saab, R., Vollhardt, J. R., & Tausch, N. (2025) · Social Issues and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/sipr.70000 · Cited by 20
Wahlen, Strategien autokratischer Herrschaftssicherung und das Überleben autokratischer Regierungen
Lueders, H., & Croissant, A. (2014) · Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s12286-014-0228-3 · Cited by 15
Tweeting from Gezi Park: Social Media and Repression Backfire
Odabaş, M., & Reynolds‐Stenson, H. (2017) · Social Currents · doi:10.1177/2329496517734569 · Cited by 19
Civilian Victimization and Ethnic Civil War
Cederman, L., Hug, S., Schubiger, L. I., & Villamil, F. (2020) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002719898873 · Cited by 15
“The “law of coercive responsiveness” (Davenport 2007) suggests that the use of repressive tactics by governments to control dissent constitutes one of the most stable patterns of violent political behavior.”
BackgroundGoff, K., Silver, E., & Iceland, J. (2022) · Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World · doi:10.1177/23780231221110277 · Cited by 17
“This may include coercive measures such as “harassment, surveillance/spying, bans, arrests” (Davenport 2007:1) or preventive measures such as laws delimiting places to protest (Earl 2003).”
BackgroundState Repression in Cyberspace: The Case of T hailand
Sinpeng, A. (2013) · Asian Politics & Policy · doi:10.1111/aspp.12036 · Cited by 18
Considering the Orange legacy: patterns of political participation in the Euromaidan Revolution
Smyth, R. A. (2018) · Post-Soviet Affairs · doi:10.1080/1060586x.2018.1505222 · Cited by 15
“Theories suggest that backfire is more likely when injustice targets a community and there is widespread, accurate information about the violence (Hess and Martin 2006; Davenport 2007).”
BackgroundDuda, A. M. (2010) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham) · Cited by 15
Contesting the State: Embodied Threat and the Emergence of Prisoner Mobilization
Knight, D. J. (2025) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/00031224251340401 · Cited by 15
The Autocrat's Corruption Dilemma
Carothers, C. (2021) · Government and Opposition · doi:10.1017/gov.2021.23 · Cited by 14
“Autocrats can resort to repression to stay in power, but repression is messy and costly and can backfire by triggering more mobilization (Davenport 2007).”
BackgroundContested Legitimacy in Ferguson
Bloom, J. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009075091 · Cited by 22
Career Pressures and Organizational Evil: A Novel Perspective on the Study of Organized Violence
Scharpf, A., & Gläßel, C. (2022) · International Studies Review · doi:10.1093/isr/viac009 · Cited by 4
Muddying the Waters: The Anatomy of Resistance Campaigns and the Failure of Ceasefires in Civil Wars
Braithwaite, J., & Butcher, C. (2023) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/00220027231159828 · Cited by 10
“…relied on the use of force to manage dissent, repression is seen as a valuable tool to deter current and future challengers, so conflict-affected states may be driven to resume military activities in the face of accumulating threats (Conrad and Moore 2010; Danneman and Ritter 2014; Davenport 2007).”
BackgroundDoes Police Militarization Increase Repression?
Stavro, M., & Welch, R. M. (2023) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/00220027231187301 · Cited by 15
“Doing so accounts for the law of coercive responsiveness (Davenport 2007b), wherein states respond to dissent with repression.”
BackgroundInfluentialResistance under confinement: resilience of protests and their limits in authoritarian Turkey
Arslanalp, M., & Erkmen, T. D. (2024) · Third World Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01436597.2024.2355163 · Cited by 18
“Moreover, the findings of research on the repression–dissent nexus are complex, inconclusive and often contradictory (Davenport 2007; Earl 2011, 267–268).”
Popular Resistance in Cambodia: The Rationale Behind Government Response
Young, S. (2016) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.1111/aspp.12288 · Cited by 15
Hsu, H. Y., & McDowall, D. (2020) · Criminology & Public Policy · doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12491 · Cited by 14
State-Mobilized Movements: A Research Agenda
Ekiert, G., & Perry, E. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108784146.001 · Cited by 15
US aid and substitution of human rights violations
Kiyani, G. (2021) · Conflict Management and Peace Science · doi:10.1177/07388942211045045 · Cited by 14
“…of respect for human rights in the aid policies of Western countries are meant to increase respect for citizens’ rights in the recipient nations.2 This is especially true for autocratic recipients that have higher levels of human rights violations than non-autocracies (Davenport, 2007).”
BackgroundGerring, J., Gjerløw, H., & Knutsen, C. H. (2022) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105791 · Cited by 14
Regimes, Repertoires and State Repression
Davenport, C. (2009) · Swiss Political Science Review · doi:10.1002/j.1662-6370.2009.tb00138.x · Cited by 14
Self-citationCounterterrorism strategy and human rights in Egypt after the Arab uprising: A critical appraisal
Abozaid, A. M. (2020) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2020.101385 · Cited by 14
Playing by the Informal Rules: Why the Chinese Regime Remains Stable despite Rising Protests
Li, Y. (2018) · Cited by 14
THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF STATE REPRESSION ON POLITICAL BEHAVIOR AND ATTITUDES: EVIDENCE FROM TAIWAN
Chiou, F., & Hong, J. Y. (2021) · Journal of East Asian Studies · doi:10.1017/jea.2021.24 · Cited by 13
“See Davenport (2007), Earl (2011), and Valentino (2014) for a summary of the literature on political repression against civilians.”
BackgroundFrom bad to worse? How protest can foster armed conflict in autocracies
Rød, E., & Weidmann, N. B. (2023) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2023.102891 · Cited by 8
“The relationship between repression and dissent has been studed intensely (see e.g. Davenport, 2007; Demeritt, 2016; Earl, 2011, or reviews), and there is ample evidence that violent indiscriminate epression can increase dissent (Bell & Murdie, 2018; Carey, 2006; rancisco, 1995, 1996; Lichbach,…”
Daminov, I. (2024) · Swiss Political Science Review · doi:10.1111/spsr.12607 · Cited by 18
“Thus, based on the integration of different approaches (Davenport, 2007; Feldstein, 2021; Hassan et al., 2022; Way & Levitsky, 2006), I conceptualize covert repression as the application of less visible, non-violent sanctions against an individual or organization or the application of tangential…”
BackgroundDisguised Repression: Targeting Opponents with Nonpolitical Crimes to Undermine Dissent
Pan, J., Xu, X., & Xu, Y. (2024) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1086/734267 · Cited by 12
Measuring the democracy–repression nexus
Armstrong, D. A., II (2009) · Electoral Studies · doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2009.05.007 · Cited by 13
Torture and Public Opinion: The Partisan Dimension
Miller, P. A., Gronke, P. W., & Rejali, D. M. (2014) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137439161_2 · Cited by 13
Salafism and Political Order in Africa
Elischer, S. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108690577 · Cited by 13
Conceptualizing and Measuring Institutional Variation in National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs)
Welch, R. M., DeMeritt, J. H. R., & Conrad, C. R. (2020) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002720982349 · Cited by 13
Beyerlein, K., Soule, S. A., & Martin, N. (2015) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/0003122415612469 · Cited by 13
Atak, K., & Bayram, I. E. (2017) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/sox029 · Cited by 13
When Killers Become Victims: Diversionary War, Human Rights, and Strategic Target Selection
Tokdemir, E., & Mark, S. (2017) · International Interactions · doi:10.1080/03050629.2017.1369412 · Cited by 13
Human Rights Data, Processes, and Outcomes: How Recent Research Points to a Better Future
Dancy, G., & Sikkink, K. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108147767.002 · Cited by 13
The penalization of protest under neoliberalism: managing resistance through punishment
Sánchez, I. G., & Calatayud, M. M. (2018) · Crime Law and Social Change · doi:10.1007/s10611-018-9776-9 · Cited by 13
Yuen, S. (2021) · Government and Opposition · doi:10.1017/gov.2021.39 · Cited by 13
“Alongside repression (Bellin 2012; Davenport 2007) and co-optation (Frantz and Kendall-Taylor 2014; Truex 2017), which are the two major components of the standard authoritarian toolkit, countermobilization has offered an alternative strategy for authoritarian incumbents to shore up their power in…”
BackgroundRak, J. (2021) · Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe · doi:10.1080/25739638.2021.2007601 · Cited by 13
“Furthermore, participation and contestation are an alternative mechanism of control in a democracy that weakens the justification for repression, providing a forum to negotiate political demands (Davenport 2007, 10–11).”
BackgroundThe EU and China in African Authoritarian Regimes
Hackenesch, C. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63591-0 · Cited by 19
HASSAN, M. (2024) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055423000291 · Cited by 12
“Yet, while repression is meant to demobilize (Davenport 2007), research from these environments has shown how dissidents can continue to coordinate in anticipation of, or after innovating responses to, repression.”
BackgroundPolice Violence, Student Protests, and Educational Performance
González, F., & Prem, M. (2022) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_01186 · Cited by 12
“Officer shootings are perhaps the most ubiquitous representation of state violence, and the study of individual decisions without the intervention of a researcher is rare (Davenport, 2007).”
BackgroundBig data-mediated repression: a novel form of preemptive repression in China’s Xinjiang region
Öztığ, L. İ. (2023) · Contemporary Politics · doi:10.1080/13569775.2023.2203568 · Cited by 13
“There is a well-established literature that focuses on dissent activity in explaining state repression (Cingranelli & Richards, 1999; Davenport, 1995, 1996; Davenport, 2007; Gurr, 1988).”
BackgroundDigital Repression in Palestine
Awwad, G. A., & Toyama, K. (2024) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642422 · Cited by 12
“The prevailing view is that the development of technology did not lead to the end of traditional methods of repression; instead, it effectively broadened and enhanced existing repression [21, 25, 30, 60].”
InfluentialFrom Foe to Friend: Exploring State-Led Destigmatization
Wang, M. S., & Steele, C. W. J. (2024) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/00018392241265699 · Cited by 14
“The first, ‘‘administrative capacity,’’ can enforce or reduce a category’s ‘‘structural stigma’’ (Pescosolido and Martin, 2015: 92), i.e., stigma embedded in current laws and policies, by using regulatory or repressive actions (Davenport, 2007).”
Domestic politics and the power to punish: The case of national human rights institutions
Welch, R. M. (2017) · Conflict Management and Peace Science · doi:10.1177/0738894217704632 · Cited by 12
“…to which democratic institutions influence our outcomes of interest rather than just relying on democracy vs non-democracy (e.g. Conrad and Moore, 2010; Davenport, 2007a; Powell and Staton, 2009).32 Here, electoral rules and institutional makeup matter for the delegation of punishment power.”
BackgroundFemale chief executives and state human rights practices: Self-fulfilling the political double bind
Burns, C., & Murdie, A. M. (2018) · Journal of Human Rights · doi:10.1080/14754835.2018.1460582 · Cited by 12
“In the broadest sense, physical integrity rights are typically violated as a matter of coercion; a leader or his or her agent violates a person’s physical integrity in order to persuade the person (or others) to act or behave in the manner desired by the leader (Davenport 2007).”
BackgroundHuman Rights Violations and Post-election Protest
Bell, S. R., & Chernykh, S. (2018) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912918793153 · Cited by 12
“There is a long line of research seeking to answer this question using a number of different empirical approaches (Bell and Murdie 2018; Carey 2006; Davenport 2007; Lichbach 1987; Moore 1998; Rasler 1996; Schedler 2013).”
BackgroundRegime Threats and State Solutions: Bureaucratic Loyalty and Embeddedness in Kenya
Hassan, M. (2020) · Cited by 12
Political repression motivates anti-government violence
Bartusevičius, H., van Leeuwen, F., & Petersen, M. B. (2023) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.221227 · Cited by 15
“The 13 events were based on the definition and examples of repression presented in existing work [2,26].”
BackgroundInfluentialButler, C. K., & Jones, J. L. (2016) · International Area Studies Review · doi:10.1177/2233865916632087 · Cited by 12
“The usual comparison has been across countries having different values of an independent variable, as in the consistent finding that democracies have better human rights records when compared to non-democracies (Davenport, 2007; Poe and Tate, 1994; Zanger, 2000).”
BackgroundRatification as accommodation? Domestic dissent and human rights treaties
Ryckman, K. C. (2016) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343316630038 · Cited by 12
Licht, A. A., & Allen, S. H. (2018) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343317750215 · Cited by 12
Israeli Demolition Orders and Palestinian Preferences for Dissent
Hatz, S. (2019) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1086/703211 · Cited by 12
Hosting Your Enemy: Accepting Refugees from a Rival State and Respect for Human Rights
Chu, T. S. (2019) · Journal of Global Security Studies · doi:10.1093/jogss/ogz043 · Cited by 12
Post-socialist “illiberal democracies”: do de jure constitutional rights matter?
Metelska‐Szaniawska, K., & Lewkowicz, J. (2020) · Constitutional Political Economy · doi:10.1007/s10602-020-09316-4 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Davenport, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Corresponding author
- Davenport, Christian
- ORCID
- Davenport, Christian
- Venue
- Annual Review of Political Science
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2007-06-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-23
- ISSN
- 1094-2939 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-1577
- OpenAlex
- W2149047800
- Cited by
- 1,564
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 65 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 114 · 2023: 140 · 2022: 134 · 2021: 146 · 2020: 189 · 2019: 141 · 2018: 102 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 61 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 9.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Political Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Memory, violence, and history
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
- Keywords
- state repression, political order, coercive power, surveillance, torture, mass murder, arrests, ban, political authority, state-society relations
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
