Cited by 211Memory Processes and InfluencesMemory and Neural MechanismsSleep and Wakefulness Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 186 of the 186 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A Bridge Over Troubled Water: Reconsolidation as a Link Between Cognitive and Neuroscientific Memory Research Traditions

Hardt, Oliver, Einarsson, Einar Örn, Nader, Karim·2010·Annual Review of Psychology

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

There are two research traditions on dynamic memory processes. In cognitive psychology, the malleable nature of long-term memory has been extensively documented. Distortions, such as the misinformation effect or hindsight bias, illustrate that memories can be easily changed, often without their owner taking notice. On the other hand, effects like hypermnesia demonstrate that memory might be more reliable than these distortions suggest. In the neuroscience field, similar observations were obtained mostly from animal studies. Research on memory consolidation suggested that memories become progressively resistant to amnesic treatments over time, but the reconsolidation phenomenon showed that this stability can be transiently lifted when these memories are reactivated, i.e., retrieved. Surprisingly, both research traditions have not taken much notice of each others' advances in understanding memory dynamics. We apply concepts developed in neuroscience to phenomena revealed in cognitive psychology to illustrate how these twins separated at birth may be reunited again.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100455

Cites

186 of 186 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The Organization of Behavior
Hebb, D. O. (2005) · doi:10.4324/9781410612403 · Cited by 9,825
Levels of processing: A framework for memory research
Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(72)80001-x · Cited by 9,566
A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing.
Collins, A. M., & Loftus, E. F. (1975) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.82.6.407 · Cited by 8,141
REMEMBERING: A STUDY IN EXPERIMENTAL AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Bartlett, F. C., & Burt, C. (1933) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1933.tb02913.x · Cited by 7,475
LOSS OF RECENT MEMORY AFTER BILATERAL HIPPOCAMPAL LESIONS
Scoville, W. B., & Milner, B. (1957) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.20.1.11 · Cited by 7,322
The organization of behavior.
indicated, N. A. (1950) · Journal of Consulting Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0049612 · Cited by 6,984
Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory
McClelland, J. L., McNaughton, B. L., & O'Reilly, R. C. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.3.419 · Cited by 5,256
Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists.
Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.21.4.803 · Cited by 3,792
Simple memory: a theory for archicortex
Marr, D. (1971) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1971.0078 · Cited by 2,771
Fear memories require protein synthesis in the amygdala for reconsolidation after retrieval
Nader, K., Schafe, G. E., & Le Doux, J. E. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35021052 · Cited by 2,706
Self-citation

Show all 183 references

Research works printed but not linked: 12

Ballard PB, 1913, Br. J. Psychol. Monogr. Suppl., 1, 1
Christensen-Szalanski JJJ, 1991, J. Personal., 51, 606
10.1037//0096-1523.1.3.288 · DOI
Jost A, 1897, Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane, 14, 436
10.1037//0033-2909.86.5.1054 · DOI
Loftus EF, 1979, Eyewitness Testimony
Müller GE, 1900, Z. Psychol. Ergänzungsband, 1
Neisser U, 1967, Cognitive Psychology
Semon R, 1904, The Mneme
Semon R, 1909, Mnemic Psychology
Shiffrin RM, 1992, From Learning Processes to Cognitive Processes: Essays in Honor of William K. Estes, 69
Squire LR, 1984, Memory Consolidation: Psychobiology of Cognition, 185

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 211

Remediation of intrusive symptoms of PTSD in fewer than five sessions: a 30-person pre-pilot study of the RTM Protocol
Gray, R. M., & Bourke, F. (2015) · Journal of Military Veteran and Family Health · doi:10.3138/jmvfh.2996 · Cited by 24
Sleep disorder in childhood impairs declarative but not nondeclarative forms of learning
Csábi, E., Benedek, P. E., Janacsek, K., Katona, G., & Németh, D. (2013) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2013.815693 · Cited by 24
Memory Integration as a Challenge to the Consolidation/Reconsolidation Hypothesis: Similarities, Differences and Perspectives
Gisquet-Verrier, P., & Riccio, D. C. (2019) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2018.00071 · Cited by 28
“As a consequence, new memories and reactivated memories are considered ‘‘lost’’ or prevented from being established (Dudai and Eisenberg, 2004; Hardt et al., 2010; Lee et al., 2017).”
Background
NMDA or 5-HT receptor antagonists impair memory reconsolidation and induce various types of amnesia
Nikitin, V. P., Solntseva, S. V., Kozyrev, S. A., Nikitin, P. V., & Shevelkin, A. V. (2018) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.036 · Cited by 24
Testing Increases Suggestibility for Narrative‐based Misinformation but Reduces Suggestibility for Question‐based Misinformation
LaPaglia, J. A., & Chan, J. C. K. (2013) · Behavioral Sciences & the Law · doi:10.1002/bsl.2090 · Cited by 25
Stress- and trauma-related blockade of episodic-autobiographical memory processing
Staniloiu, A., Kordon, A., & Markowitsch, H. J. (2020) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107364 · Cited by 22
Episodic Memory Reconsolidation
Hupbach, A., Gómez, R. L., & Nadel, L. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386892-3.00011-1 · Cited by 27
The art therapy relational neuroscience and memory reconsolidation four drawing protocol
Hass‐Cohen, N., & Findlay, J. C. (2019) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2019.03.002 · Cited by 23
The Discovery of Memory Reconsolidation
Nader, K. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386892-3.00001-9 · Cited by 22
Self-citation
Post-retrieval stress impairs subsequent memory depending on hippocampal memory trace reinstatement during reactivation
Heinbockel, H., Wagner, A. D., & Schwabe, L. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adm7504 · Cited by 21
“More specifically, it is hypothesized that consolidated and seemingly stable memories can re-enter a transient state of instability when their neural signature is reactivated, requiring another period of stabilization called reconsolidation ( 2 ).”
An fMRI investigation of the cognitive reappraisal of negative memories
Holland, A. C., & Kensinger, E. A. (2013) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.02.012 · Cited by 20
Addictive behaviors: Why and how impaired mental time matters?
Noël, X., Jaafari, N., & Bechara, A. (2017) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.07.011 · Cited by 22
“Rather than focusing on the veracity of the autobiographical memories reported by patients, some argued that memory is a dynamic process in which original memories are constantly updated and recoded through a process referred to as “memory reconsolidation” (Hardt et al., 2010).”
Background
A Framework of Episodic Updating
Finn, B. (2017) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/bs.plm.2017.03.006 · Cited by 18
The mitigating effect of repeated memory reactivations on forgetting
MacLeod, S., Reynolds, M. G., & Lehmann, H. (2018) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-018-0025-x · Cited by 21
Out of place, out of mind: Schema-driven false memory effects for object-location bindings.
Lew, A. R., & Howe, M. L. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/xlm0000317 · Cited by 18
Temporal Flexibility of Systems Consolidation and the Synaptic Occupancy/Reset Theory (SORT): Cues About the Nature of the Engram
Quillfeldt, J. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsyn.2019.00001 · Cited by 18
“, 2006; Quillfeldt and De Oliveira Alvares, 2015); • the model is fully compatible with the memory reconsolidation phenomenon (Lewis, 1979; Nader et al., 2000a,b; Anokhin et al., 2002; Walker et al., 2003; Duvarci and Nader, 2004; Lee et al., 2006; Rose and Rankin, 2006; Hupbach et al., 2008; Nader and Hardt, 2009; Bu…”
Result
Biases in construction project dispute resolution
Cheung, S. O., & Li, K. (2019) · Engineering Construction & Architectural Management · doi:10.1108/ecam-03-2018-0109 · Cited by 19
Educación y neurociencias: La conexión que hace falta
Puebla, R., & Talma, M. P. (2011) · Estudios pedagógicos · doi:10.4067/s0718-07052011000200023 · Cited by 15
Maximized song learning of juvenile male zebra finches following BDNF expression in the HVC
Dittrich, F., Maat, A. T., Jansen, R. F., Pieneman, A. W., Hertel, M., Frankl‐Vilches, C., & Gahr, M. L. (2013) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12329 · Cited by 15
Computational Constraints in Cognitive Theories of Forgetting
Ecker, U. K. H., & Lewandowsky, S. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00400 · Cited by 17
“The labilized memory trace must then be reconsolidated in order to restabilize it in its updated form (see Hardt et al., 2010, for a review, and Osan et al., 2011, for a neural network model of reconsolidation).”
Background
Directive Leading Questions and Preparation Technique Effects on Witness Accuracy
Gous, G., & Wheatcroft, J. M. (2020) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244019899053 · Cited by 16
“Research suggests that memory retrieval renders seemingly stable memories labile, requiring another period of stabilization (termed reconsolidation) during which memories can be modified (Hardt et al., 2010).”
Background
Constructive Memory and Conscious Experience
Schacter, D. L., & Thakral, P. P. (2024) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_02201 · Cited by 17
“…that support adaptive functions, including semantic representation and memory updating (e.g., Howe, 2011; Schacter, Guerin, & St. Jacques, 2011; Hardt, Einarsson, & Nader, 2010), However, until recently, there were no direct tests of the central claim of the constructive episodic simulation…”
Background
Autobiographical Memory and Mindfulness: a Critical Review with a Systematic Search
Dominguez, E., Casagrande, M., & Raffone, A. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01902-x · Cited by 15
Memory: sins and virtues
Schacter, D. L. (2013) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12168 · Cited by 13
Divided Attention Improves Delayed, but Not Immediate Retrieval of a Consolidated Memory
Kessler, Y., Vandermorris, S., Gopie, N., Daros, A. R., Winocur, G., & Moscovitch, M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091309 · Cited by 13
“While earlier work suggested that reconsolidation might always be triggered following retrieval ([27]; see [28] for review), more recent studies suggested that reconsolidation only occurs following a mismatch between the new and old information [29– 30].”
Background
Terminological and Epistemological Issues in Current Memory Research
Hardt, O. M., & Sossin, W. S. (2020) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2019.00336 · Cited by 17
Self-citation
Clinical, Empirical, and Theoretical Rationale for Selection of Accelerated Resolution Therapy for Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in VA and DoD Facilities
Kip, K. E., & Diamond, D. M. (2018) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usy027 · Cited by 16
Comparing visual memories to similar visual inputs risks lasting memory distortion.
Saito, J. M., Duncan, K. D., & Fukuda, K. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0001400 · Cited by 13
“At retrieval, consolidated representations can return to this labile “ online ” state again to allow for updating by new information that can elaborate on the memory and promote further learning (Hardt et al., 2010; Lee, 2009).”
BackgroundMethod
Different components of conditioned food aversion memory
Nikitin, V. P., Solntseva, S. V., Kozyrev, S. A., Nikitin, P. V., & Shevelkin, A. V. (2016) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.03.017 · Cited by 11
“Some of these memory components are relatively stable, while other components can be lost over time due to forgetting or as a result of extinction (Delamater, 2012; Dudai, 2012; Hardt et al., 2010; Lattal & Wood, 2013).”
Prevention of catastrophic interference and imposing active forgetting with generative methods
Sukhov, S. V., Leontev, M., Miheev, A., & Sviatov, K. V. (2020) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2020.03.024 · Cited by 10
Effects of emotionally valenced working memory taxation on negative memories
Tsai, C., & McNally, R. J. (2013) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.07.004 · Cited by 11
Exploring the role of context on the existing evidence for reconsolidation of episodic memory
Capelo, A. M. D. A. B., Albuquerque, P. B., & Cadavid, S. E. (2018) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2018.1507040 · Cited by 14
“…reconsolidation reviews as evidence of reconsolidation of episodic memories (Agren, 2014; Besnard et al., 2012; Gisquet-Verrier & Riccio, 2012; Hardt et al., 2010; Lane et al., 2015; Lee, 2009; Lee et al., 2017; McKenzie & Eichenbaum, 2011; Nadel, Hupbach, Gomez, & Newman-Smith, 2012; Nader…”
How prediction error drives memory updating: role of locus coeruleus–hippocampal interactions
Groves, I., Grella, S. L., Harley, C. W., Hardt, O. M., & Nadel, L. (2025) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2025.09.003 · Cited by 15
Self-citation
Effects of Brain Stimulation on Declarative and Procedural Memories
Sandrini, M., & Cohen, L. G. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-404704-4.00009-0 · Cited by 11
Real-world object categories and scene contexts conjointly structure statistical learning for the guidance of visual search
Kershner, A. M., & Hollingworth, A. (2022) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-022-02475-6 · Cited by 10
“Exemplar retrieval would then depend on the scene context that cues the previous episode (Anderson, 2015; Anderson & Britton, 2019; Bramao et al., 2017; Godden & Baddeley, 1975; Hardt et al., 2010; Richardson & Spivey, 2000).”
Background
The emergence of accelerated resolution therapy for treatment of post‐traumatic stress disorder: A review and new subgroup analyses
Kip, K. E., Berumen, J. H., Zeidan, A. R., Hernández, D., & Finnegan, A. P. (2019) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12210 · Cited by 9
NEUROIMAGING STUDIES OF FALSE MEMORY: A SELECTIVE REVIEW
Abe, N. (2012) · PSYCHOLOGIA · doi:10.2117/psysoc.2012.131 · Cited by 9
Protein synthesis inhibitors induce both memory impairment and its recovery
Nikitin, V. P., Solntseva, S. V., & Nikitin, P. V. (2018) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2018.11.046 · Cited by 9
Immune activation attenuates memory acquisition and consolidation of conditioned disgust (anticipatory nausea) in rats
Bishnoi, I. R., Kavaliers, M., & Ossenkopp, K. (2022) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114250 · Cited by 10
The brain and memory: The biology of traces of time past
Анохин, К. В. (2010) · Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1134/s101933161003007x · Cited by 8
“The study of memory reconsolidation mechanisms can help remove traces of this dissociation between memory neurobiology and cognitive psychology [ 27 ].”
Background
Revisiting systems consolidation and the concept of consolidation
Gisquet-Verrier, P., & Riccio, D. C. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.003 · Cited by 10
Special issue on consolidation, reconsolidation and extinction
Curran, H. V., & Robbins, T. W. (2013) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3058-0 · Cited by 8
“Over the past decade, there has been an accumulation of evidence that previously consolidated memories can, in certain circumstances, also be disrupted or even enhanced (c.f. Nader et al. 2000; Dudai 2006; Hardt et al. 2010; Milton and Everitt 2012).”
Memory for Problem Solving: Comparative Studies in Attention, Working and Long-term Memory
Bobrowicz, K. (2019) · Lund University Publications (Lund University) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.21981.77281 · Cited by 8
Remembering a Virtual Museum Tour: Viewing Time, Memory Reactivation, and Memory Distortion
Daviddi, S., Mastroberardino, S., Jacques, P. L. S., Schacter, D. L., & Santangelo, V. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.869336 · Cited by 7
When Forgetting Preserves Memory
Hupbach, A. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00032 · Cited by 9
“Memory reconsolidation might account for such memory changes (Hardt et al., 2010).”
Background
Sleep Loss Immediately After Fear Memory Reactivation Attenuates Fear Memory Reconsolidation
Sharma, R., Sahota, P. K., & Thakkar, M. M. (2020) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.024 · Cited by 8
“The process of reconsolidation maintains and/or updates memories (Hardt et al., 2010; Lee, 2010; Morris et al., 2006).”
Background
Kognitiv-affektive Neurowissenschaft: Emotionale Modulation des Erinnerns, Entscheidens und Handelns
Goschke, T., & Dreisbach, G. (2011) · Springer-Lehrbuch · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-13018-2_6 · Cited by 7
Learning to use episodic memory for event prediction
Lu, Q., Hasson, U., & Norman, K. A. (2020) · Code Ocean · doi:10.24433/co.5779179.v1 · Cited by 11
Epistemic agency and the generalisation of fear
Puddifoot, K., & Trakas, M. (2023) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-023-04222-2 · Cited by 7
“This process explains the well-known misinformation effect (Hardt et al, 2010; Loftus, 2005; Schacter & Loftus, 2013).”
Background
Metamemory ratings predict long-term changes in reactivated episodic memories
Yacoby, A., Dudai, Y., & Mendelsohn, A. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00020 · Cited by 9
Calcium ion channels: challenges and successes in drug discovery
McDonough, S. I. (2012) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Membrane Transport and Signalling · doi:10.1002/wmts.71 · Cited by 6
Between Homo Sociologicus and Homo Biologicus: The Reflexive Self in the Age of Social Neuroscience
Pickel, A. (2012) · Science & Education · doi:10.1007/s11191-012-9447-7 · Cited by 6
The Concealed Information Test is Susceptible to Misleading Information
Volz, K., Bahr, L., Heinrichs, M., Vaitl, D., & Ambach, W. (2017) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13718 · Cited by 6
Reconsolidation of Declarative Memory
Pedreira, M. E. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386892-3.00010-x · Cited by 6
Culture, history and traumatic memory: an interpretation
Young, A. (2016) · Acta bioethica · doi:10.4067/s1726-569x2016000100007 · Cited by 5
Flexible Conceptual Representations
Truman, A., & Marta Kutas, A. (2024) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/cogs.13475 · Cited by 4
Memory reconsolidation: a proposed change mechanism for the arts therapies
Hass‐Cohen, N., & Clay, J. C. (2025) · Frontiers in Cognition · doi:10.3389/fcogn.2025.1518743 · Cited by 6
Neuroanatomical substrates involved in unrelated false facial recognition
Ronzon-Gonzalez, E., Hernandez-Castillo, C. R., Pasaye, E. H., Vaca‐Palomares, I., & Fernández-Ruíz, J. (2017) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2017.1405071 · Cited by 3
Long-term memory of real-world episodes is independent of recency effects: magic tricks as ecological tasks
Bestue, D., Martı́nez, L. M., Gómez-Marín, À., Gea, M. Á., & Camı́, J. (2020) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05260 · Cited by 4
Spurious Autobiographical Memory of Psychosis: A Mechanistic Hypothesis for the Resolution, Persistence, and Recurrence of Positive Symptoms in Psychotic Disorders
Chen, E. Y. H., Wong, S. M. Y., Tang, E. Y. H., Lei, K. S., Suen, Y. N., & Hui, C. L. M. (2023) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci13071069 · Cited by 4
Testing can enhance or reduce suggestibility: The importance of contextual detail during misinformation exposure
LaPaglia, J. A. (2013) · Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University) · Cited by 4
Persistence and plasticity in the human memory system: An empirical investigation of the overwriting hypothesisPreprint
Hardwicke, T. E. (2017) · Thesis Commons (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31237/osf.io/r4c32 · Cited by 4
“In subsequent years, the debate about interference and forgetting appears to have fragmented across research communities (Hardt et al., 2010; Lechner et al., 1999; Wixted, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Adaptive episodic memory: how multiple memory representations drive behavior in humans and nonhumans
Tarder-Stoll, H., Sekeres, M. J., Levine, B., & Moscovitch, M. (2025) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00005.2025 · Cited by 10
The Moderating Role of Feedback on Forgetting in Item Recognition
Kılıç, A., Fontaine, J. M., Malmberg, K. J., & Criss, A. H. (2020) · Computational Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1007/s42113-020-00090-y · Cited by 3
Reconsolidation of emotional memories in psychotherapy: How corrective emotional experiences facilitate enduring change
Lane, R. D. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95604-8.00006-x · Cited by 3
Long-Term Spatial Memory Retrieval at Different Times Following Formation in Single Session Training in Rats
Solntseva, S. V., Storozheva, Z. I., & Nikitin, V. P. (2012) · Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10517-012-1780-y · Cited by 4
The negative reminding effect: Reminding impairs memory for contextual information
Tullis, J. G., & Benjamin, A. S. (2021) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2021.104284 · Cited by 2
Adaptive Collective Memory: Bartlett, Enactivism and Group Identity
Gyollai, D. (2025) · Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour · doi:10.1111/jtsb.70004 · Cited by 5
A Computational Model of Systems Memory Reconsolidation
Helfer, P., Shultz, T. R., Hardt, O. M., & Nader, K. (2013) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · doi:10.13140/2.1.5082.0480 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
The Happening of Bias in Construction Dispute Negotiation
Cheung, S.-O., & Li, K. (2021) · Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-80256-1_1 · Cited by 2
“Putting Bourdieu into Action” – Analyzing the Contributions of Pierre Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice to Research in Management and Organization Studies
Sieweke, J. (2012) · Univ. Duesseldorf: Duesseldorfer Dokumenten- und Publikationsserver · Cited by 2
Memory interference and the benefits and costs of testing
Potts, R. B. (2014) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 2
Dynamic Assessment: Mechanisms Underlying Cognitive Modifiability
Weisi, H., & Bahramlou, K. (2017) · Abnormal and Behavioural Psychology · doi:10.4172/2472-0496.1000130 · Cited by 1
“However, after the consolidation of an LTM, none of these treatments would have any effect on the memory in question [45].”
BackgroundInfluential
Remembering Digitally: Unpacking the Impact of Technology on Autobiographical Memory
Henkel, L. A., & Jacques, P. L. S. (2024) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2024.2384134 · Cited by 2
“These processes can occur during sleep or periods of awake rest (Wamsley, 2022), but also actively when memories are reactivated (Hardt et al., 2010).”
Remediation of intrusive symptoms of PTSD in fewer than five sessions: a 30-person pre-pilot study of the RTM Protocol
Gray, R. M., & Bourke, F. (2024) · Journal of Military Veteran and Family Health · doi:10.3138/jmvfh-0718-0005 · Cited by 1
Spontaneous Enhancement of the Reproduction of Long-Term Memory over a Period of Several Days after Training of Animals
Solntseva, S. V., Storozheva, Z. I., Nikitin, V. P., & Sherstnev, V. V. (2015) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-015-0061-4 · Cited by 1
The long-term consequences of correctly rejecting and falsely accepting target-related foils in visual recognition memory
Sabia, M., Hardt, O., & Hupbach, A. (2017) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2016.10.002 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Gedächtnis-Updates – Segen und Fluch zugleich
Metten, R. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-63168-3_4 · Cited by 1
Reducing intrusive memories of real-world stimuli via memory reconsolidation
Marks, E. H. (2018) · ResearchWorks at the University of Washington (University of Washington) · Cited by 1
Long-term memory of real-world episodes is independent of recency effects: magic tricks as ecological tasks.Preprint
Bestue, D., Martı́nez, L. M., Gómez-Marín, À., Gea, M. Á., & Camı́, J. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/pq4b3 · Cited by 1
Initial Testing Reduces Eyewitness Suggestibility for Faces
LaPaglia, J. A. (2011) · doi:10.31274/etd-180810-2205
Challenging Emotional Memory
Bos, M. G. N. (2014) · UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)
TESTING EFFECT AND COMPLEX COMPREHENSION IN A LARGE INTRODUCTORY UNDERGRADUATE BIOLOGY COURSE
Pagliarulo, C. (2011) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
Enhancing retention of false memories through negative emotional arousal during reconsolidation
Peliksza, A. (2013) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)
A labilidade do conhecimento adquirido: gênese e renascimento dos estudos sobre o efeito de reconsolidação
Bourscheid, F. R., & Carneiro, P. (2016) · Psicologia USP · doi:10.1590/0103-656420140069
“This approach, as well as other experimental approaches, has as the key component the need of information retrieval, so that the relationship with the reconsolidation effect seems to be evident (Hardt et al., 2010).”
Background
Effects of Item vs. Associative Strength on Intentional Forgetting in the Think/No-think Paradigm
홍유림, & 이도준 (2012) · 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 · doi:10.22172/cogbio.2012.24.3.002
The effect of Sleep-Disordered Breathing (SDB)on declarative and non-declarative memory processes in children and adults
Csábi, E. (2016) · SZTE Repository of Dissertations (University of Szeged) · doi:10.14232/phd.2838
“This is a story recall test, which is widely used to measure declarative memory for episodes (Bartlett, 1932; Bergman and Roediger, 1999; Andreano and Cahill, 2006, 2008; Schwabe and Wolf, 2009; Hardt et al., 2010).”
Method
Stress and the Dynamic Fear Memory: Synaptic–Cellular Bases and Their Implication for Psychiatry Disorders
Calfa, G. D., Giachero, M., & Molina, V. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53126-7_17
Provide all the details that you can remember : assessing the quantity and quality of autobiographical retrieval
Lucaciu, I.-M. (2018) · St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository)
Neural-network simulations of memory consolidation and reconsolidationPreprint
Helfer, P., & Shultz, T. R. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1901.02270
“For overviews of memory consolidation and reconsolidation research, see Dudai (2004), Nader & Einarsson (2010), Hardt et al. (2010).”
Method
False Memories Resulting from a Choice Blindness Task Shapes Future Political Attitudes
Book, D. B. (2020) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.28709.73442
Timing matters: The interplay of the retrieval frequency and temporal distance between retrieving a prior list and encoding a new list in vocabulary retention
Guo, L. (2020) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2020.101629
Episodic memory reconsolidation and strengthening
Tay, K. R. (2020) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
References
(2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119977452.refs
Influência do gênero, ciclo circadiano e intervalo de retenção na memória de reconhecimento objeto-lugar de primatas não-humanos (Callithrix penicillata)
Vannuchi, C. R. S. (2018) · doi:10.26512/2018.02.d.32221
Long-term memory of real-world episodes is independent of recency effects: magic tricks as ecological tasksPreprint
Bestue, D., Martínez, L. M., Gómez-Marín, À., & Camı́, J. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/np4t5
Dynamics of Memory: Context-Dependent Updating
Hupbach, A. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_1790
A Review of the Retrieval Practice Effect on False Memory
王, 浩. (2022) · Advances in Social Sciences · doi:10.12677/ass.2022.116321
Segregation-to-Integration Transformation Model of Memory EvolutionPreprint
Bavassi, L., & Fuentemilla, L. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.12.05.570097
“…are not static but undergo continual evolution is also supported by research indicat-25 ing that reactivating seemingly stable memories can make them temporarily labile and susceptible to reconsolidation [Eisenberg and Dudai, 2004, Hardt et al., 2010, Nader et al., 2000, Nader, 2003, Sara, 2000].”
Background
Memory and Stress
Schwabe, L. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190917982.013.66

Authors: Hardt, O., Einarsson, E. Ö., & Nader, K.
Affiliations: McGill University (CA)
ORCID: Hardt, Oliver
Einarsson, Einar Örn
Nader, Karim
Venue: Annual Review of Psychology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2010-01-01
Volume: 61
Issue: 1
Pages: 141-167
ISSN: 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
1545-2085
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100455
OpenAlex: W2130108344
Cited by: 211
References: 183
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 0.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Keywords: memory reconsolidation, memory consolidation, misinformation effect, hindsight bias, hypermnesia, memory retrieval, memory stability, cognitive neuroscience of memory
MeSH terms: Amnesia, Animals, Brain, Humans, Memory, Nerve Net, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurons

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

A Bridge Over Troubled Water: Reconsolidation as a Link Between Cognitive and Neuroscientific Memory Research Traditions

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks