Cited by 211Memory Processes and InfluencesMemory and Neural MechanismsSleep and Wakefulness Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 186 of the 186 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A Bridge Over Troubled Water: Reconsolidation as a Link Between Cognitive and Neuroscientific Memory Research Traditions

Hardt, Oliver, Einarsson, Einar Örn, Nader, Karim·2010·Annual Review of Psychology

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

There are two research traditions on dynamic memory processes. In cognitive psychology, the malleable nature of long-term memory has been extensively documented. Distortions, such as the misinformation effect or hindsight bias, illustrate that memories can be easily changed, often without their owner taking notice. On the other hand, effects like hypermnesia demonstrate that memory might be more reliable than these distortions suggest. In the neuroscience field, similar observations were obtained mostly from animal studies. Research on memory consolidation suggested that memories become progressively resistant to amnesic treatments over time, but the reconsolidation phenomenon showed that this stability can be transiently lifted when these memories are reactivated, i.e., retrieved. Surprisingly, both research traditions have not taken much notice of each others' advances in understanding memory dynamics. We apply concepts developed in neuroscience to phenomena revealed in cognitive psychology to illustrate how these twins separated at birth may be reunited again.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100455

Cites

186 of 186 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The Organization of Behavior
Hebb, D. O. (2005) · doi:10.4324/9781410612403 · Cited by 9,825
Levels of processing: A framework for memory research
Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(72)80001-x · Cited by 9,566
A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing.
Collins, A. M., & Loftus, E. F. (1975) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.82.6.407 · Cited by 8,141
REMEMBERING: A STUDY IN EXPERIMENTAL AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Bartlett, F. C., & Burt, C. (1933) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1933.tb02913.x · Cited by 7,475
LOSS OF RECENT MEMORY AFTER BILATERAL HIPPOCAMPAL LESIONS
Scoville, W. B., & Milner, B. (1957) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.20.1.11 · Cited by 7,322
The organization of behavior.
indicated, N. A. (1950) · Journal of Consulting Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0049612 · Cited by 6,984
Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory
McClelland, J. L., McNaughton, B. L., & O'Reilly, R. C. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.3.419 · Cited by 5,256
Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists.
Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.21.4.803 · Cited by 3,792
Simple memory: a theory for archicortex
Marr, D. (1971) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1971.0078 · Cited by 2,771
Fear memories require protein synthesis in the amygdala for reconsolidation after retrieval
Nader, K., Schafe, G. E., & Le Doux, J. E. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35021052 · Cited by 2,706
Self-citation
Modality-Specific Retrograde Amnesia of Fear
Kim, J. J., & Fanselow, M. S. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1585183 · Cited by 2,483
Remembering
Bartlett, F. C., & Kintsch, W. (1995) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511759185 · Cited by 2,408
The organization of recent and remote memories
Frankland, P. W., & Bontempi, B. (2005) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1607 · Cited by 2,138
On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall.
Deese, J. (1959) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0046671 · Cited by 2,109
Hindsight is not equal to foresight: The effect of outcome knowledge on judgment under uncertainty.
Fischhoff, B. (1975) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.1.3.288 · Cited by 1,970
Memory consolidation, retrograde amnesia and the hippocampal complex
Nadel, L., & Moscovitch, M. (1997) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(97)80010-4 · Cited by 1,924
The cognitive neuroscience of constructive memory: remembering the past and imagining the future
Schacter, D. L., & Addis, D. R. (2007) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2087 · Cited by 1,836
Semantic integration of verbal information into a visual memory
Loftus, E. F., Miller, D. G., & Burns, H. J. (1978) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.4.1.19 · Cited by 1,511
Time-Dependent Processes in Memory Storage: Recent studies of learning and memory indicate that memory storage involves time-dependent processes.
McGaugh, J. L. (1966) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.153.3742.1351 · Cited by 1,468
Retrograde amnesia and memory consolidation: a neurobiological perspective
Squire, L. R., & Alvarez, P. (1995) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0959-4388(95)80023-9 · Cited by 1,412
Flashbulb memories
Brown, R., & Kulik, J. (1977) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(77)90018-x · Cited by 1,373
Schemas and Memory Consolidation.
Tse, D., Langston, R. F., Kakeyama, M., Bethus, I., Spooner, P. A., Wood, E. R., Witter, M. P., & Morris, R. G. M. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1135935 · Cited by 1,244
Leading questions and the eyewitness report
Loftus, E. F. (1975) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(75)90023-7 · Cited by 1,233
Odor cues during slow-wave sleep prompt declarative memory consolidation
Rasch, B., Büchel, C., Gais, S., & Born, J. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1138581 · Cited by 1,181
The seven sins of memory: Insights from psychology and cognitive neuroscience.
Schacter, D. L. (1999) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.54.3.182 · Cited by 1,133
Memory Reconsolidation and Extinction Have Distinct Temporal and Biochemical Signatures
Suzuki, A., Josselyn, S. A., Frankland, P. W., Masushige, S., Silva, A. J., & Kida, S. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5491-03.2004 · Cited by 1,127
Dissociable stages of human memory consolidation and reconsolidation
Walker, M. P., Brakefield, T., Allan Hobson, J., & Stickgold, R. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01930 · Cited by 1,025
Information Processing in Animals: Memory Mechanisms.
indicated, N. A. (1986) · Contemporary Psychology · doi:10.1037/024459 · Cited by 1,021
Sleep inspires insight
Wagner, U., Gais, S., Haider, H., Verleger, R., & Born, J. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02223 · Cited by 1,012
The Psychology and Neuroscience of Forgetting
Wixted, J. T. (2004) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141555 · Cited by 999
The seven sins of memory: how the mind forgets and remembers
(2001) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.39-2484 · Cited by 921
Retrieval and reconsolidation: Toward a neurobiology of remembering
Sara, S. J. (2000) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.7.2.73 · Cited by 919
Remembering episodes: a selective role for the hippocampus during retrieval
Eldridge, L. L., Knowlton, B. J., Furmanski, C. S., Bookheimer, S. Y., & Engel, S. A. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/80671 · Cited by 906
Retrograde Amnesia Produced by Electroconvulsive Shock after Reactivation of a Consolidated Memory Trace
Misanin, J. R., Miller, R. R., & Lewis, D. J. (1968) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.160.3827.554 · Cited by 872
Interference and forgetting.
Underwood, B. J. (1957) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0044616 · Cited by 853
Hindsight: Biased judgments of past events after the outcomes are known.
Hawkins, S. A., & Hastie, R. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.3.311 · Cited by 852
THE COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE OF CONSTRUCTIVE MEMORY
Schacter, D. L., Norman, K. A., & Koutstaal, W. (1998) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.289 · Cited by 827
Three Cases of Enduring Memory Impairment after Bilateral Damage Limited to the Hippocampal Formation
Rempel-Clower, N., Zola, S. M., Squire, L. R., & Amaral, D. G. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-16-05233.1996 · Cited by 815
Separating the brain regions involved in recollection and familiarity in recognition memory
Yonelinas, A. P., Otten, L. J., Shaw, K. N., & Rugg, M. D. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5295-04.2005 · Cited by 813
A single standard for memory: The case for reconsolidation
Nader, K., & Hardt, O. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2590 · Cited by 811
Self-citation
Cellular and Systems Reconsolidation in the Hippocampus
Dębiec, J., LeDoux, J. E., & Nader, K. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)01001-2 · Cited by 772
Self-citation
Obliviscence during sleep and waking
Jenkins, J. G., & Dallenbach, K. M. (1924) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1414040 · Cited by 741
I knew it would happen
Fischhoff, B., & Beyth, R. (1975) · Organizational Behavior and Human Performance · doi:10.1016/0030-5073(75)90002-1 · Cited by 716
The cognitive neuroscience of remote episodic, semantic and spatial memory
Moscovitch, M., Nadel, L., Winocur, G., Gilboa, A., & Rosenbaum, R. S. (2006) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2006.03.013 · Cited by 711
False recognition produced by implicit verbal responses.
Underwood, B. J. (1965) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0022014 · Cited by 685
Misleading postevent information and memory for events: Arguments and evidence against memory impairment hypotheses.
McCloskey, M. E., & Zaragoza, M. S. (1985) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.114.1.1 · Cited by 675
Über die Wirkung von Bereichsbildungen im Spurenfeld
von Restorff, H. (1933) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/bf02409636 · Cited by 643
On the permanence of stored information in the human brain.
Loftus, E. F., & Loftus, G. R. (1980) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.35.5.409 · Cited by 562
Declarative memory consolidation in humans: A prospective functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Takashima, A., Petersson, K. M., Rutters, F., Tendolkar, I., Jensen, O., Zwarts, M. J., McNaughton, B. L., & Fernández, G. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0507774103 · Cited by 557
Effect of post-retrieval propranolol on psychophysiologic responding during subsequent script-driven traumatic imagery in post-traumatic stress disorder
Brunet, A., Orr, S. P., Tremblay, J., Robertson, K., Nader, K., & Pitman, R. K. (2008) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2007.05.006 · Cited by 548
Self-citation
Reconsolidation of episodic memories: A subtle reminder triggers integration of new information
Hupbach, A., Gomez, R., Hardt, O., & Nadel, L. (2007) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.365707 · Cited by 544
Self-citation
Stability of retrieved memory: Inverse correlation with trace dominance
Eisenberg, M., Kobilo, T., Berman, D. E., & Dudai, Y. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1086881 · Cited by 518
Reconsolidation: maintaining memory relevance
Lee, J. L. C. (2009) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2009.05.002 · Cited by 516
Retrieval of memory in animals.
Spear, N. E. (1973) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0034326 · Cited by 515
Neuroimaging studies of autobiographical event memory
Maguire, E. A. (2001) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0944 · Cited by 513
Forgetting and the law of disuse.
McGeoch, J. A. (1932) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0069819 · Cited by 507
Remembering Our Past: Functional Neuroanatomy of Recollection of Recent and Very Remote Personal Events
Gilboa, A. (2004) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh082 · Cited by 505
Psychobiology of active and inactive memory.
Lewis, D. J. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.5.1054 · Cited by 501
Phantom flashbulbs: False recollections of hearing the news about Challenger
Neisser, U., & Harsch, N. (1992) · Affect and Accuracy in Recall · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511664069.003 · Cited by 493
Reactivation of encoding-related brain activity during memory retrieval
Nyberg, L. H., Habib, R., McIntosh, A. R., & Tulving, E. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.20.11120 · Cited by 457
Temporally graded requirement for protein synthesis following memory reactivation
Milekic, M. H., & Alberini, C. M. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00976-5 · Cited by 455
The hindsight bias: A meta-analysis
Christensen-Szalanski, J. J. J., & Fobian, C. S. (1991) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90010-q · Cited by 448
The retroactive effect of electroshock on learning.
Duncan, C. P. (1949) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0058173 · Cited by 428
Memory reconsolidation mediates the strengthening of memories by additional learning
Lee, J. L. C. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2205 · Cited by 420
On the permanence of stored information in the human brain.
Loftus, E. F., & Loftus, G. R. (1980) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.35.5.409 · Cited by 418
The effects of presentation and recall of material in free-recall learning
Tulving, E. (1967) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(67)80092-6 · Cited by 408
Perceived informativeness of facts.
Fischhoff, B. (1977) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.3.2.349 · Cited by 404
Differential remoteness and emotional tone modulate the neural correlates of autobiographical memory
Piefke, M. (2003) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awg064 · Cited by 391
Recollective qualities modulate hippocampal activation during autobiographical memory retrieval
Addis, D. R., Moscovitch, M., Crawley, A. P., & McAndrews, M. P. (2004) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.10215 · Cited by 383
Different lateral amygdala outputs mediate reactions and actions elicited by a fear-arousing stimulus
Amorapanth, P., LeDoux, J. E., & Nader, K. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/71145 · Cited by 374
Self-citation
Memory for places learned long ago is intact after hippocampal damage
Teng, E., & Squire, L. R. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/23276 · Cited by 372
Mismatch Between What Is Expected and What Actually Occurs Triggers Memory Reconsolidation or Extinction
Pedreira, M. E., Pérez-Cuesta, L. M., & Maldonado, H. (2004) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.76904 · Cited by 367
Semantic Memory and the Human Hippocampus
Manns, J. R., Hopkins, R. O., & Squire, L. R. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00146-6 · Cited by 354
Anterograde and retrograde amnesia in rats with dorsal hippocampal or dorsomedial thalamic lesions
Winocur, G. (1990) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(90)90012-4 · Cited by 352
Memory reconsolidation: sensitivity of spatial memory to inhibition of protein synthesis in dorsal hippocampus during encoding and retrieval
Morris, R. G. M., Inglis, J., Ainge, J. A., Olverman, H. J., Tulloch, J., Dudai, Y., & Kelly, P. A. T. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.04.012 · Cited by 342
Navigation around London by a taxi driver with bilateral hippocampal lesions
Maguire, E. A., Nannery, R., & Spiers, H. J. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl286 · Cited by 335
Vivid memories
Rubin, D. C., & Kozin, M. (1984) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(84)90037-4 · Cited by 334
The neuroscience of remote memory
Squire, L. R., & Bayley, P. J. (2007) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2007.02.006 · Cited by 329
Cellular and systems mechanisms of memory strength as a constraint on auditory fear reconsolidation
Wang, S., Alvares, L. D. O., & Nader, K. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2350 · Cited by 321
Self-citation
The formation of flashbulb memories
Conway, M. A., Anderson, S. J., Larsen, S. F., Donnelly, C. M., McDaniel, M. A., McClelland, A. G. R., Rawles, R. E., & Logie, R. H. (1994) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03200860 · Cited by 319
Memory for context becomes less specific with timePreprint
Wiltgen, B. J., & Silva, A. J. (2007) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.430907 · Cited by 319
Dissociations in infant memory: Rethinking the development of implicit and explicit memory.
Rovee‐Collier, C. (1997) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.104.3.467 · Cited by 313
Hypermnesia for pictures
Erdelyi, M. H., & Becker, J. (1974) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(74)90008-5 · Cited by 306
Perseverative neural processes and consolidation of the memory trace.
Glickman, S. E. (1961) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0044212 · Cited by 305
The knew-it-all-along effect.
Wood, G. S. (1978) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.4.2.345 · Cited by 288
Hippocampal complex and retrieval of recent and very remote autobiographical memories: Evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging in neurologically intact people
Ryan, L., Nadel, L., Keil, K., Putnam, K., Schnyer, D., Trouard, T., & Moscovitch, M. (2001) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.1086 · Cited by 282
Memory consolidation or transformation: context manipulation and hippocampal representations of memory
Winocur, G., Moscovitch, M., & Sekeres, M. J. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1880 · Cited by 270
Repeated Exposure to Suggestion and the Creation of False Memories
Zaragoza, M. S., & Mitchell, K. (1996) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00377.x · Cited by 261
Stability of recent and remote contextual fear memory
Frankland, P. W., Ding, H.-K., Takahashi, E., Suzuki, A., Kida, S., & Silva, A. J. (2006) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.183406 · Cited by 259
Flashbulb memories of the assassination attempt on President Reagan
Pillemer, D. B. (1984) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(84)90036-2 · Cited by 257
Is there a special flashbulb-memory mechanism?
McCloskey, M. E., Wible, C. G., & Cohen, N. J. (1988) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.117.2.171 · Cited by 255
Disparate Effects of Repeated Testing: Reconciling Ballard's (1913) and Bartlett's (1932) Results
Wheeler, M. A., & Roediger, H. L. (1992) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00036.x · Cited by 254
The dynamics of memory: Context-dependent updatingPreprint
Hupbach, A., Hardt, O. M., Gómez, R. L., & Nadel, L. (2008) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.1022308 · Cited by 254
Self-citation
Retrograde Amnesia for Facts and Events: Findings from Four New Cases
Reed, J. M., & Squire, L. R. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-10-03943.1998 · Cited by 253
Flashbulb memories for the space shuttle disaster: A tale of two theories
Bohannon, J. N. (1988) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(88)90036-4 · Cited by 251
Tricks of Memory
Roediger, H. L., III, & McDermott, K. B. (2000) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00075 · Cited by 238
Learning to find your way: a role for the human hippocampal formation
Maguire, E. A., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Frith, C. (1996) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1996.0255 · Cited by 236
Amnesia, consolidation, and retrieval.
Miller, R. R., & Springer, A. D. (1973) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0033897 · Cited by 235
Altering memory representations through retrieval.
McDaniel, M. A., & Masson, M. E. J. (1985) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.11.2.371 · Cited by 229
Activation of Human Hippocampal Formation During Memory for Faces: A Pet Study
Kapur, N., Friston, K. J., Young, A. W., Frith, C., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1995) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(13)80108-6 · Cited by 223
Long-term retrograde amnesia… the crucial role of the hippocampus
Cipolotti, L., Shallice, T., Chan, D., Fox, N. C., Scahill, R. I., Harrison, G., Stevens, J., & Rudge, P. (2001) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(00)00103-2 · Cited by 221
Consolidation of human memory over decades revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging
Haist, F., Gore, J. B., & Mao, H. Z. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn739 · Cited by 214
Directly reactivated, but not indirectly reactivated, memories undergo reconsolidation in the amygdala
Deębiec, J., Doyère, V., Nader, K., & LeDoux, J. E. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0507168103 · Cited by 207
Self-citation
Consolidation and the hippocampal complex revisited: in defense of the multiple-trace model
Moscovitch, M., & Nadel, L. (1998) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(98)80155-4 · Cited by 201
Amnesia: A Function of the Temporal Relation of Footshock to Electroconvulsive Shock
Schneider, A. M., & Sherman, W. (1968) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.159.3811.219 · Cited by 195
Retrograde Amnesia for Old (Reactivated) Memory: Some Anomalous Characteristics
Mactutus, C. F., Riccio, D. C., & Ferek, J. M. (1979) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.572083 · Cited by 194
Les Maladies de La Memoire
Ribot, T., & Nicolas, S. (2005) · Biblioteca Digital (Real Academia Nacional de Medicina) · Cited by 179
Recognition memory: opposite effects of hippocampal damage on recollection and familiarity
Sauvage, M. M., Fortin, N. J., Owens, C. B., Yonelinas, A. P., & Eichenbaum, H. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2016 · Cited by 179
Successful Recollection of Remote Autobiographical Memories by Amnesic Patients with Medial Temporal Lobe Lesions
Bayley, P. J., Hopkins, R. O., & Squire, L. R. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00156-9 · Cited by 178
The Neuroanatomy of Remote Memory
Bayley, P. J., Gold, J. J., Hopkins, R. O., & Squire, L. R. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.04.034 · Cited by 178
New views on old memories: re-evaluating the role of the hippocampal complex
Rosenbaum, R. S., Winocur, G., & Moscovitch, M. (2001) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00363-1 · Cited by 171
Knowing with certainty: The appropriateness of extreme confidence.
Fischhoff, B., Slovic, P., & Lichtenstein, S. (1977) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.3.4.552 · Cited by 164
Reactions to blatantly contradictory information
Loftus, E. F. (1979) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03196941 · Cited by 162
Preserved spatial memory after hippocampal lesions: effects of extensive experience in a complex environment
Winocur, G., Moscovitch, M., Fogel, S., Rosenbaum, R. S., & Sekeres, M. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1401 · Cited by 161
Misinformation Effects in Recall: Creating False Memories through Repeated Retrieval
Roediger, H. L., III, Jacoby, J. D., & McDermott, K. B. (1996) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1006/jmla.1996.0017 · Cited by 157
Linking New Information to a Reactivated Memory Requires Consolidation and Not Reconsolidation Mechanisms
Tronel, S., Milekic, M. H., & Alberini, C. M. (2005) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030293 · Cited by 156
Retrograde amnesia: neither partial nor complete hippocampal lesions in rats result in preferential sparing of remote spatial memory, even after reminding
Martin, S. J., de Hoz, L., & Morris, R. (2004) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.07.007 · Cited by 151
Neural activity during encoding predicts false memories created by misinformationPreprint
Okado, Y., & Stark, C. E. L. (2005) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.87605 · Cited by 150
Ecphory of autobiographical memories: an fMRI study of recent and remote memory retrieval.
Steinvorth, S., Corkin, S., & Halgren, E. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.09.025 · Cited by 148
Autobiographical Memory Retrieval and Hippocampal Activation as a Function of Repetition and the Passage of Time
Nadel, L., Campbell, J. L., & Ryan, L. (2007) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2007/90472 · Cited by 142
Amnesia Produced by Electroconvulsive Shock or Cycloheximide: Conditions for Recovery
Quartermain, D., McEwen, B. S., & Azmitia, E. C. (1970) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.169.3946.683 · Cited by 140
Medial Temporal Lobe Activity during Retrieval of Semantic Memory Is Related to the Age of the Memory
Smith, C. N., & Squire, L. R. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4545-08.2009 · Cited by 140
The Fate of Old Memories after Medial Temporal Lobe Damage
Bayley, P. J., Hopkins, R. O., & Squire, L. R. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4262-06.2006 · Cited by 137
Memory consolidation—Psychobiology of cognition
Delacour, J. (1985) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(85)90097-1 · Cited by 135
Hindsight bias: An interaction of automatic and motivational factors?
Hell, W., Gigerenzer, G., Gauggel, S., Mall, M., & Müller, M. (1988) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197054 · Cited by 128
Decomposing the hindsight bias: A multinomial processing tree model for separating recollection and reconstruction in hindsight.
Erdfelder, E., & Buchner, A. (1998) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.24.2.387 · Cited by 127
Taking the middle line
Schooler, J. W., Bendiksen, M., & Ambadar, Z. (1997) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med:psych/9780198523864.003.0011 · Cited by 126
Perirhinal and Postrhinal Contributions to Remote Memory for Context
Burwell, R. D., Bucci, D. J., Sanborn, M. R., & Jutras, M. J. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3781-04.2004 · Cited by 124
Impaired remote spatial memory after hippocampal lesions despite extensive training beginning early in life
Clark, R. E., Broadbent, N., & Squire, L. R. (2005) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20076 · Cited by 119
Memory Retrieval: A Time-Locked Process in Infancy
Fagen, J. W., & Rovee‐Collier, C. (1983) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6658456 · Cited by 117
Context memories and reactivation: constraints on the reconsolidation hypothesis.
Biedenkapp, J., & Rudy, J. (2004) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.118.5.956 · Cited by 115
No Reduction in Hindsight Bias after Complete Information and Repeated Testing
POHL, R. F., & Hell, W. (1996) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1006/obhd.1996.0064 · Cited by 114
The loss of episodic memories in retrograde amnesia: single–case and group studies
Kopelman, M. D., & Kapur, N. (2001) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0942 · Cited by 114
Systems consolidation and hippocampus: two views
Nadel, L., Winocur, G., Ryan, L., & Moscovitch, M. (2007) · Debates in Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s11559-007-9003-9 · Cited by 110
Evidence That Autobiographic Memory Retrieval Does Not Become Independent of the Hippocampus: An fMRI Study Contrasting Very Recent with Remote Events
Rekkas, P. V., & Constable, R. T. (2005) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892905775008652 · Cited by 109
Information Processing and Cognition
(1993) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822396697-010 · Cited by 109
I knew it all along: or, did I?
Hasher, L., Attig, M. S., & Alba, J. W. (1981) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(81)90323-6 · Cited by 106
Retrograde amnesia in patients with hippocampal, medial temporal, temporal lobe, or frontal pathologyPreprint
Bright, P., Buckman, J., Fradera, A., Yoshimasu, H., Colchester, A. C. F., & Kopelman, M. D. (2006) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.265906 · Cited by 101
The CA3 subregion of the hippocampus is critical for episodic memory processing by means of relational encoding in rats.
Kesner, R. P., Hunsaker, M. R., & Warthen, M. W. (2008) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0013592 · Cited by 100
Medial temporal lobe activity for recognition of recent and remote famous names: an event-related fMRI study
Douville, K. L., Woodard, J. L., Seidenberg, M., Miller, S. K., Leveroni, C. L., Nielson, K. A., Franczak, M. B., Antuono, P., & Rao, S. M. (2004) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.09.005 · Cited by 100
“Where to?” Remote Memory for Spatial Relations and Landmark Identity in Former Taxi Drivers with Alzheimer's Disease and Encephalitis
Rosenbaum, R. S., Gao, F., Richards, B., Black, S. E., & Moscovitch, M. (2005) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/0898929053279496 · Cited by 99
Suppression of hippocampal synaptic plasticity during slow-wave sleep
Leonard, B. W., McNaughton, B. L., & Barnes, C. A. (1987) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)90496-3 · Cited by 97
Consolidation of memory
Nadel, L., & Bohbot, V. D. (2001) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/1098-1063(2001)11:1 · Cited by 92
The hippocampal region is involved in successful recognition of both remote and recent famous faces
Bernard, F., Bullmore, E. T., Graham, K. S., Thompson, S., Hodges, J. R., & Fletcher, P. C. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.03.036 · Cited by 91
Memory and cerebral protein synthesis in mice as affected by graded amounts of puromycin
Flexner, L. B., Flexner, J. B., & Stellar, E. (1965) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(65)90114-7 · Cited by 90
Forgotten ideas, neglected pioneers: Richard Semon and the story of memory
(2002) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.39-5492 · Cited by 89
PHYSIOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
GERARD, R. W. (1949) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.106.3.161 · Cited by 89
Die Assoziationsfestigkeit in ihrer Abh?ngigkeit von der Verteilung der Wiederholungen.
Smith, W. G. (1897) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0065777 · Cited by 88
Encoding and retrieval in visual memory tasks.
Frost, N. (1972) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0033636 · Cited by 86
SARA: A cognitive process model to simulate the anchoring effect and hindsight bias
POHL, R. F., Eisenhauer, M., & Hardt, O. M. (2003) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210244000487 · Cited by 85
Self-citation
Storage or retrieval deficit: The yin and yang of amnesiaPreprint
Hardt, O. M., Wang, S., & Nader, K. (2009) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.1267409 · Cited by 84
Self-citation
Effect of reactivation of a previously acquired memory on the interaction between memories in the rat.
Gordon, W. C., & Spear, N. E. (1973) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0035301 · Cited by 78
Memory and Emotional Consistency: The MS Estonia Ferry Disaster
Christianson, S., & Engelberg, E. (1999) · Memory · doi:10.1080/741944919 · Cited by 75
Implications of recovery from experimental amnesia.
Miller, R. R., & Springer, A. D. (1974) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0036951 · Cited by 71
An analysis of some shortcomings in the interference theory of forgetting.
Underwood, B. J., & Ekstrand, B. R. (1966) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0023883 · Cited by 71
Flashbulb memories? The effects of when the initial memory report was obtained
Winningham, R. G., Hyman, I. E., & Dinnel, D. L. (2000) · Memory · doi:10.1080/096582100406775 · Cited by 67
The neural correlates of recollection: Hippocampal activation declines as episodic memory fades
Viskontas, I. V., Carr, V. A., Engel, S. A., & Knowlton, B. J. (2008) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20503 · Cited by 67
Les maladies de la mémoire
Delay, J. (1949) · Presses Universitaires de France eBooks · Cited by 66
Strychnine effects on discrimination learning in mice: Effects of dose and time of administration
McGaugh, J. L., & Krivanek, J. A. (1970) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(70)90133-2 · Cited by 66
Susceptibility of a reactivated memory to the effects of strychnine: A time-dependent phenomenon
Gordon, W. C. (1977) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(77)90099-3 · Cited by 66
Additive effects of forgetting and fornix transection in the temporal gradient of retrograde amnesia
Gaffan, D. (1993) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(93)90032-u · Cited by 65
Neural bases of autobiographical support for episodic recollection of faces
Trinkler, I., King, J. A., Doeller, C. F., Rugg, M. D., & Burgess, N. (2009) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20556 · Cited by 61
Acetoxycycloheximide and Transient Amnesia in the Rat
Serota, R. G. (1971) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.68.6.1249 · Cited by 59
Fading inPreprint
Nader, K., & Wang, S. (2006) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.350906 · Cited by 59
Self-citation
Recollection is impaired, but familiarity remains intact in rats with lesions of the fornix
Easton, A., Zinkivskay, A., & Eacott, M. J. (2009) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20567 · Cited by 57
Comparison of medial and lateral septal neuron activity during performance of spatial tasks in rats
Zhou, T. L., Tamura, R., Kuriwaki, J.-I., & Ono, T. (1999) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1063(1999)9:3 · Cited by 56
Motivational control of retrograde amnesia.
Robbins, M. J., & Meyer, D. R. (1970) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0029127 · Cited by 55
Nature of the effect of verbal labels on recognition memory for form.
Daniel, T. C. (1972) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0033486 · Cited by 55
Educational psychology.
Baldwin, B. T. (1915) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0075847 · Cited by 48
Anomalous properties of hippocampal lesion-induced retrograde amnesia
Land, C. L., Bunsey, M. D., & Riccio, D. C. (2000) · Psychobiology · doi:10.3758/bf03332005 · Cited by 47
An extinction trial as a reminder treatment following electroconvulsive shock
Gordon, W. C., & Mowrer, R. R. (1980) · Animal Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/bf03199618 · Cited by 44
Field dependence and hindsight bias: Cognitive restructuring and the generation of reasons
Davies, M. F. (1992) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/0092-6566(92)90059-d · Cited by 43
Hindsight Bias: Self‐Flattery or Cognitive Error?
Connolly, T., & Bukszar, E. (1990) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.3960030305 · Cited by 38
Similarities of Recently Acquired and Reactivated Memories in Interference
Gordon, W. C. (1977) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1422045 · Cited by 35
Hindsight bias as a function of anchor distance and anchor plausibility
Hardt, O. M., & POHL, R. F. (2003) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210244000504 · Cited by 30
Self-citation
Bartlett Revisited: Reconfiguration of Long-Term Memory in Young and Older Adults
Ahlberg, S. W., & Sharps, M. J. (2002) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221320209598678 · Cited by 29
Composites, compromises, and CHARM: What is the evidence for blend memory representations?
Schooler, J. W., & Tanaka, J. W. (1991) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.120.1.96 · Cited by 24
Factors moderating blocking in human place learning: The role of task instructions
Hardt, O. M., Hupbach, A., & Nadel, L. (2009) · Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/lb.37.1.42 · Cited by 23
Self-citation
Contextual updating of infants' reactivated memories
Boller, K., & Rovee‐Collier, C. (1994) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.420270406 · Cited by 21
Composites, compromises, and CHARM: What is the evidence for blend memory representations?
Schooler, J. W., & Tanaka, J. W. (1991) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.120.1.96 · Cited by 18
I Cannot Remember, But I Know my Past Events: Remembering and Knowing in a Patient With Amnesic Syndrome
Hirano, M., Noguchi, K., Hosokawa, T., & Takayama, T. (2002) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/jcen.24.4.548.1041 · Cited by 17
Forgotten ideas, neglected pioneers: Richard Semon and the story of memory
Murray, D. J. (2002) · Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1002/jhbs.10053 · Cited by 16
Being wise after the event: an investigation of hindsight bias
Pennington, D. C. (1981) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf03186737 · Cited by 14
Special versus ordinary memory mechanisms in the genesis of flashbulb memories
McCloskey, M. E. (1992) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511664069.012 · Cited by 12
Composite models never (well, hardly ever) compromise: Reply to Schooler and Tanaka (1991).
Metcalfe, J., & Bjork, R. A. (1991) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.120.2.203 · Cited by 9
Composite models never (well, hardly ever) compromise: Reply to Schooler and Tanaka (1991).
Metcalfe, J., & Bjork, R. A. (1991) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.120.2.203 · Cited by 9

Research works printed but not linked: 12

Ballard PB, 1913, Br. J. Psychol. Monogr. Suppl., 1, 1
Christensen-Szalanski JJJ, 1991, J. Personal., 51, 606
10.1037//0096-1523.1.3.288 · DOI
Jost A, 1897, Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane, 14, 436
10.1037//0033-2909.86.5.1054 · DOI
Loftus EF, 1979, Eyewitness Testimony
Müller GE, 1900, Z. Psychol. Ergänzungsband, 1
Neisser U, 1967, Cognitive Psychology
Semon R, 1904, The Mneme
Semon R, 1909, Mnemic Psychology
Shiffrin RM, 1992, From Learning Processes to Cognitive Processes: Essays in Honor of William K. Estes, 69
Squire LR, 1984, Memory Consolidation: Psychobiology of Cognition, 185

Sorted by citations

About Sleep's Role in Memory
Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2012 · Cited by 2,783
“Indeed, the destabilization of long-term memories after reactivation might be highly adaptive because it presents the opportunity to update memories with respect to new experiences (330, 513, 718, 957).”
Background
The future of memory: remembering, imagining, and the brain
Schacter, D. L., Addis, D. R., Hassabis, D., Martin, V. C., Spreng, R. N., & Szpunar, K. K. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.11.001 · Cited by 1,398
“A longstanding question concerns whether the constructive nature of memory serves any adaptive function (Bartlett, 1932; Hardt et al., 2010; Howe, 2011; Newman & Lindsay, 2009; Schacter, 2001; Schacter et al., 2011).”
Background
Memory reconsolidation, emotional arousal, and the process of change in psychotherapy: New insights from brain science
Lane, R. D., Ryan, L., Nadel, L., & Greenberg, L. S. (2014) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x14000041 · Cited by 611
“Instead of remaining faithful records of past events, memories are updated and re-encoded through a process referred to as “memory reconsolidation” (see Hardt et al. 2010 for a recent review).”
BackgroundMethod
Memory distortion: an adaptive perspective
Schacter, D. L., Guerin, S. A., & St. Jacques, P. L. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.08.004 · Cited by 507
“Most critical to the present purposes, such susceptibility can potentially facilitate both adaptive updating [70] and memory distortion [18].”
Background
Adaptive constructive processes and the future of memory
Schacter, D. L. (2012) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0029869 · Cited by 417

See all 211

Authors: Hardt, O., Einarsson, E. Ö., & Nader, K.
Affiliations: McGill University (CA)
ORCID: Hardt, Oliver
Einarsson, Einar Örn
Nader, Karim
Venue: Annual Review of Psychology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2010-01-01
Volume: 61
Issue: 1
Pages: 141-167
ISSN: 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
1545-2085
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100455
OpenAlex: W2130108344
Cited by: 211
References: 183
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 0.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Keywords: memory reconsolidation, memory consolidation, misinformation effect, hindsight bias, hypermnesia, memory retrieval, memory stability, cognitive neuroscience of memory
MeSH terms: Amnesia, Animals, Brain, Humans, Memory, Nerve Net, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurons

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

A Bridge Over Troubled Water: Reconsolidation as a Link Between Cognitive and Neuroscientific Memory Research Traditions

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks