CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 893Emotions and Moral BehaviorPersonality Traits and PsychologySocial and Intergroup Psychology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 219 of the 219 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Motivational and Emotional Aspects of the Self

Leary, Mark R.·2007·Annual Review of Psychology
DOI 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085658
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Abstract Recent theory and research are reviewed regarding self-related motives (self-enhancement, self-verification, and self-expansion) and self-conscious emotions (guilt, shame, pride, social anxiety, and embarrassment), with an emphasis on how these motivational and emotional aspects of the self might be related. Specifically, these motives and emotions appear to function to protect people's social well-being. The motives to self-enhance, self-verify, and self-expand are partly rooted in people's concerns with social approval and acceptance, and self-conscious emotions arise in response to events that have real or imagined implications for others' judgments of the individual. Thus, these motives and emotions do not operate to maintain certain states of the self, as some have suggested, but rather to facilitate people's social interactions and relationships.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085658

Cites

219 of 219 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 216 references

Research works printed but not linked: 29

  1. Alicke MD, 2006, The Self in Social Judgment
  2. Aron A, 1996, Knowledge Structures in Close Relationships: A Social Psychological Approach, 325
  3. Aron A, 1997, Handbook of Personal Relationships, 1, 251
  4. Aron A, 2002, Attraction to others with similar interests as moderated by perceived opportunity for a relationship.
  5. Baldwin MW, 2004, Psychol. Inq., 15, 139
  6. Brendl M, 2004, The Name Letter Effect in Choice.
  7. 10.1037/0022-3514.70.4.661 · DOI
  8. 10.1037/0022-3514.68.6.1152 · DOI
  9. 10.1037/0022-3514.83.3.574 · DOI
  10. 10.1037/0022-3514.64.1.35 · DOI
  11. 10.1037/0021-843X.104.4.644 · DOI
  12. Leary MR, 1995, Social Anxiety.
  13. Lewis M, 1992, Shame: The Exposed Self.
  14. Olson ET, 1999, Models of the Self, 49
  15. Schmader T, 2006, Stigma and Group Inequality: Social Psychological Approaches
  16. 10.1037/0003-066X.48.11.1117 · DOI
  17. Stipek D, 1995, Self-Conscious Emotions: The Psychology of Shame, Guilt, Embarrassment, and Pride, 237
  18. Swann WB, 1990, Handbook of Motivation and Cognition, 2, 408
  19. 10.1037/0022-3514.62.3.392 · DOI
  20. Tangney JP, 2003, Handbook of Self and Identity, 384
  21. Tangney JP, 1995, Self-Conscious Emotions: The Psychology of Shame, Guilt, Embarrassment, and Pride, 343
  22. Tangney JP, 1994, Children and adults' autobiographical accounts of shame, guilt, and pride experiences: a qualitative analysis of situational determinants and interpersonal concerns.
  23. 10.1037/0022-3514.70.4.797 · DOI
  24. Tangney JP, 2007, Annu. Rev. Psychol., 57
  25. 10.1037/0022-3514.70.4.797 · DOI
  26. Tracy JL, 2003, Psychol. Inq., 14, 57
  27. Tracy JL, 2006, J. Personal. Soc. Psychol.
  28. Trope Y, 1986, Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior, 1, 350
  29. Wright SC, 2002, The Social Self: Cognitive, Interpersonal, and Intergroup Perspectives, 343

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 801–893 of 893

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Leary, M. R.
Affiliations
Duke University (US)
Corresponding author
Leary, Mark R.
ORCID
Leary, Mark R.
Venue
Annual Review of Psychology
Publisher
Annual Reviews
Published
2007-01-01
Volume
58
Issue
1
Pages
317-344
ISSN
  • 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-2085
DOI
10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085658
OpenAlex
W2119994416
Semantic Scholar
91b1dc0423e12afdddd50aadb5735daea2403768
Cited by
838
References
216
Citations by year
2026: 31 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 29
FWCI
1.84
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords
self-enhancement, self-verification, self-expansion, self-conscious emotions, guilt, shame, pride, social anxiety, embarrassment, social approval, social acceptance, social well-being, social interaction, interpersonal relationships
MeSH terms
Anxiety, Awareness, Defense Mechanisms, Ego, Emotions, Guilt, Humans, Internal-External Control, Interpersonal Relations, Motivation, Self Concept, Shame, Social Desirability, Social Perception, Personal Construct Theory

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review