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Cited by 1,570Health disparities and outcomesPublic Health and Social InequalitiesPublic Health Policies and Education

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 110 of the 110 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

HEALTH DISPARITIES AND HEALTH EQUITY: Concepts and Measurement

Braveman, Paula·2006·Annual Review of Public Health
DOI 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102103
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Abstract

▪ Abstract There is little consensus about the meaning of the terms “health disparities,” “health inequalities,” or “health equity.” The definitions can have important practical consequences, determining the measurements that are monitored by governments and international agencies and the activities that will be supported by resources earmarked to address health disparities/inequalities or health equity. This paper aims to clarify the concepts of health disparities/inequalities (used interchangeably here) and health equity, focusing on the implications of different definitions for measurement and hence for accountability. Health disparities/inequalities do not refer to all differences in health. A health disparity/inequality is a particular type of difference in health (or in the most important influences on health that could potentially be shaped by policies); it is a difference in which disadvantaged social groups—such as the poor, racial/ethnic minorities, women, or other groups who have persistently experienced social disadvantage or discrimination—systematically experience worse health or greater health risks than more advantaged social groups. (“Social advantage” refers to one's relative position in a social hierarchy determined by wealth, power, and/or prestige.) Health disparities/inequalities include differences between the most advantaged group in a given category—e.g., the wealthiest, the most powerful racial/ethnic group—and all others, not only between the best- and worst-off groups. Pursuing health equity means pursuing the elimination of such health disparities/inequalities.

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Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102103

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Research works printed but not linked: 18

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Metadata

Authors
Braveman, P.
Affiliations
University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author
Braveman, Paula
ORCID
Braveman, Paula
Venue
Annual Review of Public Health
Publisher
Annual Reviews
Published
2006-04-01
Volume
27
Issue
1
Pages
167-194
ISSN
  • 0163-7525 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-2093
DOI
10.1146/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102103
OpenAlex
W2149533068
Cited by
1,570
References
109
Citations by year
2026: 64 · 2025: 138 · 2024: 115 · 2023: 120 · 2022: 108 · 2021: 97 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 79 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 75
FWCI
3.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Annual Review of Public Health (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Public Health Policies and Education
Keywords
health disparities, health equity, definitions, measurement, social deprivation, social determinants of health, racial and ethnic minorities, poverty, health monitoring
MeSH terms
Delivery of Health Care, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Terminology as Topic, Social Class, Social Justice, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Vulnerable Populations

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