A critical review of thermal issues in lithium-ion batteries
Open accessAbstract
Lithium-ion batteries are well-suited for fully electric and hybrid electric vehicles due to their high specific energy and energy density relative to other rechargeable cell chemistries. However, these batteries have not been widely deployed commercially in these vehicles yet due to safety, cost, and poor low temperature performance, which are all challenges related to battery thermal management. In this paper, a critical review of the available literature on the major thermal issues for lithium-ion batteries is presented. Specific attention is paid to the effects of temperature and thermal management on capacity/power fade, thermal runaway, and pack electrical imbalance and to the performance of lithium-ion cells at cold temperatures. Furthermore, insights gained from previous experimental and modeling investigations are elucidated. These include the need for more accurate heat generation measurements, improved modeling of the heat generation rate, and clarity in the relative magnitudes of the various thermal effects observed at high charge and discharge rates seen in electric vehicle applications. From an analysis of the literature, the requirements for lithium-ion thermal management systems for optimal performance in these applications are suggested, and it is clear that no existing thermal management strategy or technology meets all these requirements.
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The discharge capacity of a lithium ion battery will decrease as the temperature decreases at low temperatures, regardless of whether the cathode material is lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate or lithium cobalt oxide.
“Through the comprehensive analysis of the above charts, it can be seen that regardless of whether the cathode material is lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate or lithium cobalt oxide, the discharge capacity of a lithium ion battery will decrease as the temperature decreases at low temperatures [25,26].”
From The Influence of Temperature on the Capacity of Lithium Ion Batteries with Different Anodes (2021) · cites this paper as [25]
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Cites
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A review on the key issues for lithium-ion battery management in electric vehicles
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Lithium-ion battery fast charging: A review
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The Influence of Temperature on the Capacity of Lithium Ion Batteries with Different Anodes
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“Through the comprehensive analysis of the above charts, it can be seen that regardless of whether the cathode material is lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate or lithium cobalt oxide, the discharge capacity of a lithium ion battery will decrease as the temperature decreases at low temperatures [25,26].”
BackgroundThermal Behavior Modeling of Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Review
Madani, S. S., Ziebert, C., & Marzband, M. (2023) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym15081597 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bandhauer, T. M., Garimella, S., & Fuller, T. F.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society
- Publisher
- The Electrochemical Society
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 158
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- R1
- ISSN
- 0013-4651 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2116064024
- Cited by
- 2,192
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 213 · 2025: 227 · 2024: 197 · 2023: 215 · 2022: 221 · 2021: 185 · 2020: 174 · 2019: 176 · 2018: 123 · 2017: 111 · 2016: 93 · 2015: 79 · 2014: 85 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 116.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Advanced Battery Technologies Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Extraction and Separation Processes
- Keywords
- lithium-ion batteries, battery thermal management, thermal runaway, capacity fade, power fade, low-temperature performance, heat generation modeling, electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, battery safety
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