Effects of aerobic vs. resistance training on visceral and liver fat stores, liver enzymes, and insulin resistance by HOMA in overweight adults from STRRIDE AT/RT
Open accessAbstract
While the benefits of exercise are clear, many unresolved issues surround the optimal exercise prescription. Many organizations recommend aerobic training (AT) and resistance training (RT), yet few studies have compared their effects alone or in combination. The purpose of this study, part of Studies Targeting Risk Reduction Interventions Through Defined Exercise-Aerobic Training and/or Resistance Training (STRRIDE/AT/RT), was to compare the effects of AT, RT, and the full combination (AT/RT) on central ectopic fat, liver enzymes, and fasting insulin resistance [homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)]. In a randomized trial, 249 subjects [18-70 yr old, overweight, sedentary, with moderate dyslipidemia (LDL cholesterol 130-190 mg/dl or HDL cholesterol ≤ 40 mg/dl for men or ≤ 45 mg/dl for women)] performed an initial 4-mo run-in period. Of these, 196 finished the run-in and were randomized into one of the following 8-mo exercise-training groups: 1) RT, which comprised 3 days/wk, 8 exercises, 3 sets/exercise, 8-12 repetitions/set, 2) AT, which was equivalent to ∼19.2 km/wk (12 miles/wk) at 75% peak O(2) uptake, and 3) full AT + full RT (AT/RT), with 155 subjects completing the intervention. The primary outcome variables were as follows: visceral and liver fat via CT, plasma liver enzymes, and HOMA. AT led to significant reductions in liver fat, visceral fat, alanine aminotransferase, HOMA, and total and subcutaneous abdominal fat (all P < 0.05). RT resulted in a decrease in subcutaneous abdominal fat (P < 0.05) but did not significantly improve the other variables. AT was more effective than RT at improving visceral fat, liver-to-spleen ratio, and total abdominal fat (all P < 0.05) and trended toward a greater reduction in liver fat score (P < 0.10). The effects of AT/RT were statistically indistinguishable from the effects of AT. These data show that, for overweight and obese individuals who want to reduce measures of visceral fat and fatty liver infiltration and improve HOMA and alanine aminotransferase, a moderate amount of aerobic exercise is the most time-efficient and effective exercise mode.
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Based on seven protocols from seven studies, a reduction in hepatic steatosis was observed in 85.7% of resistance exercise protocols, including five randomized controlled trials.
“Based on seven protocols from seven studies, a reduction in hepatic steatosis was observed in 85.7% of the protocols, including five randomized controlled trials (76–82).”
From Diet and physical exercise as key players to tackle MASLD through improvement of insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility (2024) · cites this paper as [82]
One study did not show improvements in hepatic steatosis through resistance exercise; longer duration (32 weeks) and significant increase in body weight may have influenced results.
“One study did not show improvements in hepatic steatosis through resistance exercise (82). The longer duration (32 weeks) and significant increase in body weight in that study may have influenced the results.”
From Diet and physical exercise as key players to tackle MASLD through improvement of insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility (2024) · cites this paper as [82]
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- Authors
- Slentz, C. A., Bateman, L. A., Willis, L. H., Shields, A. T., Tanner, C. J., Piner, L. W., Hawk, V. H., Muehlbauer, M. J., Samsa, G. P., Nelson, R. C., Huffman, K. M., Bales, C. W., Houmard, J. A., & Kraus, W. E.
- Affiliations
- Division of Cardiology,
- East Carolina University (US)
- Center for Aging,
- Sarah W. Stedman Center for Nutrition and Metabolism, and
- Department of Biostatistics and Biometrics,
- Department of Radiology,
- Veterans Health Administration (US)
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Slentz, Cris A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 301
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- E1033-E1039
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- PMC
- PMC3214001
- OpenAlex
- W2165337502
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 11.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P30AG028716)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2R01-HL-057354, R01HL057354)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- aerobic exercise, resistance training, concurrent training, visceral fat, liver fat, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, HOMA, alanine aminotransferase, subcutaneous abdominal fat, overweight adults, sedentary adults, dyslipidemia, exercise prescription, obesity, liver-to-spleen ratio, body composition
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine, Exercise Therapy, Female, Homeostasis, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Liver, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Exercise, Risk Reduction Behavior, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Overweight, Lipid Metabolism, Resistance Training, Young Adult
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