Exercise-induced reduction in obesity and insulin resistance in women: a randomized controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
Objectives : To determine the effects of equivalent diet‐ or exercise‐induced weight loss and exercise without weight loss on subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, and insulin sensitivity in obese women. Research Methods and Procedures : Fifty‐four premenopausal women with abdominal obesity [waist circumference 110.1 ± 5.8 cm (mean ± SD)] (BMI 31.3 ± 2.0 kg/m 2 ) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: diet weight loss ( n = 15), exercise weight loss ( n = 17), exercise without weight loss ( n = 12), and a weight‐stable control group ( n = 10). All groups underwent a 14‐week intervention. Results : Body weight decreased by ∼6.5% within both weight loss groups and was unchanged in the exercise without weight loss and control groups. In comparison with controls, cardiorespiratory fitness improved within the exercise groups only ( p < 0.01). Reduction in total, abdominal, and abdominal subcutaneous fat within the exercise weight loss group was greater ( p < 0.001) than within all other groups. The reduction in total and abdominal fat within the diet weight loss and exercise without weight loss groups was greater than within controls ( p < 0.001) but not different from each other ( p > 0.05). Visceral fat decreased within all treatment groups ( p < 0.008), and these changes were not different from each other. In comparison with the control group, insulin sensitivity improved within the exercise weight loss group alone ( p < 0.001). Discussion : Daily exercise without caloric restriction was associated with substantial reductions in total fat, abdominal fat, visceral fat, and insulin resistance in women. Exercise without weight loss was also associated with a substantial reduction in total and abdominal obesity.
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In randomized controlled trials, about 1 h of daily moderate aerobic exercise produces at least as much fat loss as equivalent caloric restriction, with resultant greater insulin action.
“However, in RCTs, about 1 h of daily moderate aerobic exercise produces at least as much fat loss as equivalent caloric restriction, with resultant greater insulin action ( 231 , 232 ).”
From Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [232]
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“Few trials reported adherence to the intervention; however, five trials [37, 39, 46, 49, 50] reported more than 20% drop out rates.”
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- Authors
- Ross, R., Janssen, I., Dawson, J., Kungl, A., Kuk, J. L., Wong, S. L., Nguyen‐Duy, T., Lee, S., Kilpatrick, K., & Hudson, R.
- Affiliations
- Queen's University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Hudson, Robert
- Venue
- Obesity Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-05
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 789-798
- ISSN
- 1071-7323 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-8528
- OpenAlex
- W2032173003
- Cited by
- 696
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 20.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Obesity Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Mars
- Queen's University
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MT13448)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- obesity, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, visceral fat, subcutaneous adipose tissue, abdominal obesity, premenopausal women, diet-induced weight loss, cardiorespiratory fitness, caloric restriction
- MeSH terms
- Abdomen, Adipose Tissue, Adult, Anthropometry, Body Composition, Body Constitution, Energy Intake, Diet, Reducing, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Middle Aged, Obesity, Physical Fitness, Weight Loss, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Premenopause, Muscle, Skeletal
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