Ectopic fat and insulin resistance: pathophysiology and effect of diet and lifestyle interventions.

Snel, M.; Jonker, J. T.; Schoones, J.; Lamb, H.; de Roos, A.; Pijl, H.; Smit, J. W. A.; Meinders, A. E.; Jazet, I. M.

doi:10.1155/2012/983814

Cited by 368Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsCardiovascular Disease and AdiposityLiver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment

Ectopic fat and insulin resistance: pathophysiology and effect of diet and lifestyle interventions.

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Snel, M., Jonker, J. T., Schoones, J., Lamb, H., de Roos, A., Pijl, H., Smit, J. W. A., Meinders, A. E. +1 more·2012·International Journal of Endocrinology

DOI 10.1155/2012/983814PMC PMC3366269

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Abstract

The storage of triglyceride (TG) droplets in nonadipose tissues is called ectopic fat storage. Ectopic fat is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Not the triglycerides per se but the accumulation of intermediates of lipid metabolism in organs, such as the liver, skeletal muscle, and heart seem to disrupt metabolic processes and impair organ function. We describe the mechanisms of ectopic fat depositions in the liver, skeletal muscle, and in and around the heart and the consequences for each organs function. In addition, we systematically reviewed the literature for the effects of diet-induced weight loss and exercise on ectopic fat depositions.

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Obesity-related insulin resistance is associated with impaired insulin-mediated inhibition of lipolysis in adipose tissue, resulting in increased efflux of free fatty acids into the blood and consequently ectopic lipid deposition.
“In addition, obesity-related insulin resistance is associated with impaired insulin-mediated inhibition of lipolysis in adipose tissue (AT), resulting in an increased efflux of free fatty acids (FFAs) into the blood and, consequently, ectopic lipid deposition (Snel et al., 2012).”
From Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution (2021) · cites this paper as Snel et al., 2012
Section 3 (Adipose Tissue Dysfunction; page unavailable) links dysfunctional adipocytes to increased lipolysis and redirection of lipids to other tissues, causing ectopic fat deposition. Section 6.1 reports higher circulating FFAs during insulin infusion as suggestive of reduced adipose-tissue insulin sensitivity. The copy does not explicitly establish that impaired insulin-mediated inhibition of lipolysis is the mechanism connecting these findings. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Lipid deposition in the liver and muscle directly increases insulin resistance.
“Lipid deposition in the liver and muscle directly increases insulin resistance”
From Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution (2021) · cites this paper as Snel et al., 2012
The Discussion reports that ectopic fat in the liver and muscle is positively correlated with insulin resistance, and Section 4 describes how lipid intermediates impair insulin signaling. But the claim's unqualified 'directly increases' overstates the paper: Section 5.1 notes that endurance-trained athletes can have high muscle lipid content while remaining highly insulin sensitive. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Review Article Ectopic Fat and Insulin Resistance: Pathophysiology and Effect of Diet and Lifestyle Interventions
Meinders, A. E., & Jazet, I. M. (2016)
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Authors: Snel, M., Jonker, J. T., Schoones, J., Lamb, H., de Roos, A., Pijl, H., Smit, J. W. A., Meinders, A. E., & Jazet, I. M.
Affiliations: Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
Corresponding author: Jazet, I. M.
ORCID: Snel, M.
Jonker, J. T.
Schoones, J.
Lamb, H.
Pijl, H.
Smit, J. W. A.
Jazet, I. M.
Venue: International Journal of Endocrinology
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Published: 2012
Volume: 2012
Pages: 1-18
ISSN: 1687-8337 (ISSN-L)
1687-8345
DOI: 10.1155/2012/983814
PMC: PMC3366269
OpenAlex: W2025152562
Cited by: 368
References: 124
Citations by year: 2026: 25 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 20.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: International Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords: ectopic fat, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, diet-induced weight loss, physical activity, lifestyle intervention

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Ectopic fat and insulin resistance: pathophysiology and effect of diet and lifestyle interventions.

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