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Detrimental metabolic effects of combining long-term cigarette smoke exposure and high-fat diet in mice
Abstract
Obesity and cigarette smoking are both important risk factors for insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Smoking reduces appetite, which makes many people reluctant to quit. Few studies have documented the metabolic impact of combined smoke exposure (se) and high-fat-diet (HFD). Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a powerful hypothalamic feeding stimulator that promotes obesity. We investigated how chronic se affects caloric intake, adiposity, plasma hormones, inflammatory mediators, and hypothalamic NPY peptide in animals fed a palatable HFD. Balb/c mice (5 wk old, male) were exposed to smoke (2 cigarettes, twice/day, 6 days/wk, for 7 wk) with or without HFD. Sham-exposed mice were handled similarly without se. Plasma leptin, hypothalamic NPY, and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) mRNA were measured. HFD induced a 2.3-fold increase in caloric intake, increased adiposity, and glucose in both sham and se cohorts. Smoke exposure decreased caloric intake by 23%, with reduced body weight in both dietary groups. Fat mass and glucose were reduced only by se in the chow-fed animals. ATGL mRNA was reduced by HFD in se animals. Total hypothalamic NPY was reduced by HFD, but only in sham-exposed animals; se increased arcuate NPY. We conclude that although se ameliorated hyperphagia and reversed the weight gain associated with HFD, it failed to reverse fat accumulation and hyperglycemia. The reduced ATGL mRNA expression induced by combined HFD and se may contribute to fat retention. Our data support a powerful health message that smoking in the presence of an unhealthy Western diet increases metabolic disorders and fat accumulation.
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“The lowered body weight has been shown to be independent of diet type, with a similar proportion of weight loss displayed in mice consuming a diet with either low or high-fat concentrations after 7 weeks of cigarette smoke exposure (Chen et al., 2007).”
From Cigarette Smoking and Brain Regulation of Energy Homeostasis (2012) · cites this paper as Chen et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“Although smokers are generally thought to weigh less than non-smokers, smoking is actually a predisposing factor for abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance (Canoy et al., 2005; Chen et al., 2007)”
From Cigarette Smoking and Brain Regulation of Energy Homeostasis (2012) · cites this paper as Chen et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“Cigarette smoke exposure failed to cause fat loss when the mice consumed a high-fat cafeteria style diet consisting of foods such as fried potatoes, cakes, and sweet biscuits; whereas lean body mass loss became the prominent cause of weight loss in these mice (Chen et al., 2007).”
From Cigarette Smoking and Brain Regulation of Energy Homeostasis (2012) · cites this paper as Chen et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“In contrast, when smoke-exposed mice consume a high-fat diet, they consume twice the energy of the recommended daily requirement (Chen et al., 2007).”
From Cigarette Smoking and Brain Regulation of Energy Homeostasis (2012) · cites this paper as Chen et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“In both human and animal studies, food high in refined sugar and fat is more preferred when they are exposed to cigarette smoke (Marangon et al., 1998; Chen et al., 2007).”
From Cigarette Smoking and Brain Regulation of Energy Homeostasis (2012) · cites this paper as Chen et al., 2007
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Foy, C. G., Bell, R. A., Farmer, D. F., Goff, D. C., & Wagenknecht, L. E. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.10.2501 · Cited by 208
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“NPY is released from the sympathetic nerves and the adrenal medulla, and plasma levels change in response to various stress conditions (38, 40, 41, 59).”
BackgroundMuscle Wasting and Changes in Muscle Protein Metabolism in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Cited by
Cigarette Smoking and Brain Regulation of Energy Homeostasis
Chen, H., Saad, S., Sandow, S. L., & Bertrand, P. P. (2012) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2012.00147 · Cited by 69
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, H., Hansen, M. J., Jones, J. E., Vlahos, R., Anderson, G. P., & Morris, M. J.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 293
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- E1564-E1571
- ISSN
- 0193-1849
- 1522-1555
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 8
- Language
- en
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- Chen, H., Hansen, M. J., Jones, J. E., Vlahos, R., Anderson, G. P., & Morris, M. J. (2007). Detrimental metabolic effects of combining long-term cigarette smoke exposure and high-fat diet in mice. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00442.2007
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