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Whey and casein labeled with l-[1-13C]leucine and muscle protein synthesis: effect of resistance exercise and protein ingestion
Abstract
Muscle protein turnover following resistance exercise and amino acid availability are relatively well described. By contrast, the beneficial effects of different sources of intact proteins in relation to exercise need further investigation. Our objective was to compare muscle anabolic responses to a single bolus intake of whey or casein after performance of heavy resistance exercise. Young male individuals were randomly assigned to participate in two protein trials ( n = 9) or one control trial ( n = 8). Infusion of l-[1-13 C]leucine was carried out, and either whey, casein (0.3 g/kg lean body mass), or a noncaloric control drink was ingested immediately after exercise. l-[1-13 C]leucine-labeled whey and casein were used while muscle protein synthesis (MPS) was assessed. Blood and muscle tissue samples were collected to measure systemic hormone and amino acid concentrations, tracer enrichments, and myofibrillar protein synthesis. Western blots were used to investigate the Akt signaling pathway. Plasma insulin and branched-chain amino acid concentrations increased to a greater extent after ingestion of whey compared with casein. Myofibrillar protein synthesis was equally increased 1–6 h postexercise after whey and casein intake, both of which were higher compared with control ( P < 0.05). Phosphorylation of Akt and p70 S6K was increased after exercise and protein intake ( P < 0.05), but no differences were observed between the types of protein except for total 4E-BP1, which was higher after whey intake than after casein intake ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, whey and casein intake immediately after resistance exercise results in an overall equal MPS response despite temporal differences in insulin and amino acid concentrations and 4E-BP1.
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“When taken in immediately after resistance exercise, whey and casein resulted in equally increased protein synthesis despite temporal differences in postprandial insulin and amino acid concentrations.197”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [197]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Reitelseder, S., Agergaard, J., Doessing, S., Helmark, I. C., Lund, P., Kristensen, N. B., Frystyk, J., Flyvbjerg, A., Schjerling, P., van Hall, G., Kjaer, M., & Holm, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen;
- Corresponding author
- Reitelseder, Søren
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 300
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- E231-E242
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- OpenAlex
- W2113426840
- Cited by
- 190
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 5.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Heising-Simons Foundation
- Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation
- Mejeribrugets ForskningsFond
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- whey protein, casein, muscle protein synthesis, resistance training, myofibrillar protein synthesis, Akt signaling, p70S6K, 4E-BP1, insulin, branched-chain amino acids, leucine tracer, protein turnover
- MeSH terms
- Whey Proteins, Adult, Amino Acids, Carbon Isotopes, Caseins, Dietary Proteins, Food, Formulated, Humans, Insulin, Leucine, Male, Milk Proteins, Muscle Proteins, Myofibrils, Phosphoproteins, Phosphorylation, Signal Transduction, Single-Blind Method, Cell Cycle Proteins, Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Resistance Training
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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