Triacylglycerol lipases and metabolic control: implications for health and disease
Abstract
Fatty acids derived from the hydrolysis of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle triacylglycerol (TG) are an important energy substrate at rest and during physical activity. This review outlines the identification of the new TG lipase, adipose triglyceride lipase, the current understanding of how cellular TG lipases are regulated, and the implications for understanding the integrated control of TG lipolysis. Furthermore, this review outlines recent advances that propose a "revised" role for TG lipases in cellular function, metabolic homeostasis, and disease prevention.
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Lipolytic enzymes lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and HSL are necessary to mobilize FAs from the intracellular glycerol molecule.
“However, the lipolytic enzymes lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and HSL are necessary to mobilize FAs (lipolysis) from the intracellular glycerol molecule [9].”
From Understanding the factors that effect maximal fat oxidation. (2018) · cites this paper as [9]
Lipolysis is under a hierarchal regulation by ATGL and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL).
“Recent findings indicate that lipolysis is under a hierarchal regulation by ATGL and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) [8, 9, 17].”
From Understanding the factors that effect maximal fat oxidation. (2018) · cites this paper as [9]
The overall IMTG concentration and energy contribution is still under debate due to tissue variabilities.
“Despite the known presence of IMTG within muscle (primarily with endurance trained subjects and type II diabetic subjects) [20], the overall IMTG concentration and energy contribution is still under debate due to tissue variabilities [9, 18, 22].”
From Understanding the factors that effect maximal fat oxidation. (2018) · cites this paper as [9]
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Exercise Metabolism and the Molecular Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Adaptation
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Osteocalcin Signaling in Myofibers Is Necessary and Sufficient for Optimum Adaptation to Exercise
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New Insights into the Interaction of Carbohydrate and Fat Metabolism During Exercise
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Self-citationMitochondrial and cellular mechanisms for managing lipid excess
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Understanding the factors that effect maximal fat oxidation.
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“The binding of epinephrine to the β-adrenergic receptor on adipose cell membranes triggers a cascade of events that begin with the phosphorylation of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) [8, 9].”
BackgroundNutritional modulation of training-induced skeletal muscle adaptations
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Self-citationPathophysiology of NASH: perspectives for a targeted treatment
Marra, F., & Lotersztajn, S. (2013) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/13816128113199990344 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
More than a store: regulatory roles for glycogen in skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise
Philp, A., Hargreaves, M., & Baar, K. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00004.2012 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Bergan‐Roller, H. E., & Sheridan, M. A. (2017) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.07.028 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Exercise Metabolism: Fuels for the FirePreprint
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Self-citationFat adaptation in well-trained athletes: effects on cell metabolism
Yeo, W. K., Carey, A. L., Burke, L., Spriet, L. L., & Hawley, J. A. (2011) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h10-089 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationLopes, A. B., Festuccia, W. T., Farias, T. S. M., Chimin, P., Torres‐Leal, F. L., Derogis, P. B. M. C., de Andrade, P. B., Miyamoto, S., Lima, F. B., Curi, R., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00082.2013 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Unraveling the roles of PLIN5: linking cell biology to physiology
Mason, R. R., & Watt, M. J. (2015) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2015.01.005 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationNielsen, T. S., Vendelbo, M. H., Jessen, N., Pedersen, S. B., Jørgensen, J. O., Lund, S., & Møller, N. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0149 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Henkel, J., Frede, K., Schanze, N., Vogel, H., Schürmann, A., Spruss, A., Bergheim, I., & Püschel, G. P. (2012) · Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1038/labinvest.2012.128 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Muscles as molecular and metabolic machines
Bonen, A. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00245.2010 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Compensatory growth: Fitness cost in farmed fish and crustaceans
Py, C. A., Elizondo‐González, R., & Peña‐Rodríguez, A. (2022) · Reviews in Aquaculture · doi:10.1111/raq.12656 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Marrades, M. P., González‐Muniesa, P., Martínez, J. A., & Moreno-Aliaga, M. J. (2010) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000321451 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Making, Baking, and Breaking: the Synthesis, Storage, and Hydrolysis of Neutral Lipids
Ruggles, K. V., Turkish, A. R., & Sturley, S. L. (2013) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071812-161254 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Distinct Mechanisms Regulate ATGL-Mediated Adipocyte Lipolysis by Lipid Droplet Coat Proteins
Yang, X., Heckmann, B. L., Zhang, X., Smas, C. M., & Liu, J. (2012) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2012-1178 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Ngo, S. T., & Steyn, F. J. (2015) · Cell Regeneration · doi:10.1186/s13619-015-0019-6 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Dias, F. M., Leffa, D. D., Daumann, F., Marques, S. D. O., Luciano, T. F., Possato, J. C., de Santana, A. A., das Neves, R. X., Neto, J. C. R., Oyama, L. M., et al. (2014) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-13-24 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Stephenson, E. J., Lessard, S. J., Rivas, D. A., Watt, M. J., Yaspelkis, B. B., Koch, L. G., Britton, S. L., & Hawley, J. A. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00544.2012 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationRecent insights into the structure and function of comparative gene identification-58
Oberer, M., Boeszoermenyi, A., Nagy, H. M., & Zechner, R. (2011) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0b013e328346230e · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids together regulate lipid metabolism in Wistar rats
Khaire, A. A., Rathod, R. S., Kale, A. A., & Joshi, S. (2015) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2015.04.006 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Huang, W. L., Cheng, C., Liu, J., Zhang, X., Ren, C., Jiang, X., Chen, T., Cheng, K., Li, H., & Hu, C. (2019) · Marine Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10126-019-09932-8 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Lund, J., Helle, S. A., Li, Y., Løvsletten, N. G., Stadheim, H. K., Jensen, J., Kase, E. T., Thoresen, G. H., & Rustan, A. C. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35715-7 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Skeletal muscle lipid flux: running water carries no poison
Funai, K., & Semenkovich, C. F. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00152.2011 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Role of Adipose Tissue in Metabolic System Disorders
Rezaee, F. (2013) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.4172/2155-6156.s13-008 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Proeyen, K. V., Szlufcik, K., Nielens, H., Deldicque, L., Dyck, R. V., Ramaekers, M., & Hespel, P. (2011) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01459.2010 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Bergan‐Roller, H. E., Ickstadt, A. T., Kittilson, J. D., & Sheridan, M. A. (2017) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.04.005 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Hirako, S., Wakayama, Y., Kim, H., Iizuka, Y., Matsumoto, A., Wada, N., Kimura, A., Okabe, M., Sakagami, J., Suzuki, M., et al. (2015) · Obesity Research & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2015.12.001 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Braun, R. J., & Swanson, J. M. J. (2022) · Membranes · doi:10.3390/membranes12100949 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Pulido, M. R., Rabanal‐Ruiz, Y., Almabouada, F., Díaz‐Ruiz, A., Burrell, M. A., Vazquez, M. J., Castano, J. P., Kineman, R. D., Luque, R. M., Diéguez, C., et al. (2012) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/jme-12-0140 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Heckmann, B. L., & Liu, J. (2013) · Methods in cell biology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-408051-5.00006-1 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Michiels, M. S., del Valle, J. C., & Mañanes, A. A. L. (2015) · Crustaceana · doi:10.1163/15685403-00003399 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Comparative gene identification-58/α/β hydrolase domain 5
Zierler, K. A., Zechner, R., & Haemmerle, G. (2014) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0000000000000058 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Phase‐Separated Lipid‐Based Nanoparticles: Selective Behavior at the Nano‐Bio Interface
Papadopoulou, P., van der Pol, R., van Hilten, N., van Os, W. L., Pattipeiluhu, R., Arias‐Alpizar, G., Knol, R. A., Noteborn, W. E. M., Moradi, M., Ferraz, M. J., et al. (2023) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202310872 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
You, T., Wang, X., Yang, R., Lyles, M. F., Gong, D., & Nicklas, B. J. (2012) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2012.10.001 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Zamora‐Briseño, J. A., Ruíz-May, E., Elizalde‐Contreras, J. M., Hernández-Velázquez, I. M., Hernández-Pérez, A., Fuentes-García, A. G., Herrera-Salvatierra, N., Briones‐Fourzán, P., Pascual, C., Lozano‐Álvarez, E., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01084 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Crotonis Fructus and Its Constituent, Croton Oil, Stimulate Lipolysis in OP9 Adipocytes
Kim, M., Kim, H.-R., So, H., Lee, Y., Moon, H.-C., Ryu, D., Yang, S., Lee, G., Song, J., & Kwon, K. (2014) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2014/780385 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Lee, J., Matuschewski, K., van Dooren, G. G., Maier, A. G., & Rug, M. (2024) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.262162 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ashcroft, F. J., Bourboula, A., Mahammad, N., Barbayianni, E., Feuerherm, A. J., Nguyen, T. T., Hayashi, D., Kokotou, M. G., Alevizopoulos, K., Dennis, E. A., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-55536-9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mitochondrial Actions for Fat Browning and Energy Expenditure in White Adipose Tissue
de Andrade, P. B. M., Lopes, A. B., & Alonso‐Vale, M. I. C. (2016) · Journal of Obesity and Overweight · doi:10.15744/2455-7633.2.201 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Fibrosis in Steatohepatitis
Marra, F., Provenzano, A., & Vivoli, E. (2014) · Current Hepatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11901-014-0228-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Organic mineral supplementation on differential protein profile of Osmanabadi bucks (Capra hircus)
BACKIALAKSHMI, S., Arangasamy, A., Naidu, S. J., Reddy, I. J., & Bhatta, R. (2021) · Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100533 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kotlovskiy, M. Y., Удут, Е. В., Kairov, G. T., Фисенко, В. П., & Удут, В. В. (2020) · Cardiovascular & Haematological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871529x20666200109144353 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
In planta production and characterization of full-length human adipose triglyceride lipase
Zaikova, K., Jeong, J., Geem, K. R., Ku, K., Kim, J., & Lee, D. W. (2022) · Plant Biotechnology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11816-022-00799-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Metabolic Adaptations to a High‐Fat Diet
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Intensity-dependent lipidomic dynamic regulation following acute swimming exercise
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Religious, Cultural, and Social Aspects of Eating
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Function of comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) on lipid metabolism in animals
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Lipase-mediated selective hydrolysis of lipid droplets in phase separated-liposomesPreprint
Papadopoulou, P., van der Pol, R., van Hilten, N., Moradi, M., Ferraz, M. J., Aerts, J. M. F. G., Risselada, H. J., Sevink, A. G. J., & Kros, A. (2023) · ChemRxiv · doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-9q9wh · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Mitochondrial function in metabolic health
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The Implications of CD36 Alteration on Rodent Skeletal Muscle Lipid Metabolism
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FATTY ACID COMTENTS IN RAT ADIPOSE TISSUES UNDER ANAEROBIC EXERCISE AND HIGH-CALORIE DIETS
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Lipase-mediated selective hydrolysis of lipid droplets in phase separated-liposomesPreprint
Papadopoulou, P., van der Pol, R., van Hilten, N., Moradi, M., Ferraz, M. J., Aerts, J. M. F. G., Sommerdijk, N. A. J. M., Risselada, H. J., Sevink, A. G. J., & Kros, A. (2023) · ChemRxiv · doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-9q9wh-v2
Lipase-mediated selective hydrolysis of lipid droplets in phase separated-liposomesPreprint
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- Authors
- Watt, M. J., & Spriet, L. L.
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- University of Guelph (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Watt, Matthew J.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2010-08
- Volume
- 299
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- E162-E168
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- OpenAlex
- W2127656325
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 0.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- triacylglycerol lipase, adipose triglyceride lipase, triacylglycerol lipolysis, fatty acid mobilization, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, metabolic homeostasis, energy metabolism, disease prevention
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease, Fatty Acids, Health, Humans, Lipase, Lipolysis, Metabolism, Mitochondria, Substrate Specificity, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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