Bone as an ion exchange system: evidence for a pump-leak mechanism devoted to the maintenance of high bone K+
Open accessAbstract
To provide evidence of active accumulation of K+ in bone extracellular fluid (BECF), electric currents driven by damaged living metatarsal bones of weanling mice, immersed in physiological media at different [K+], in the presence of blockers of the K+ channels or of the Na+-K+-ATPase inhibitor, were measured by means of a voltage-sensitive two-dimensional vibrating probe. At 4 mM extracellular K+concentration ([K+]o), an inward steady current density (7.85–38.53 μA/cm 2) was recorded at the damage site, which was significantly dependent on [K+]o. At [K+]o equal to that of BECF (25 mM), current density was reduced by 76%. At [K+]o of 0 mM, the current density showed an increase, which was hindered by tetraethylammonium (TEA). Basal current density was reduced significantly after exposure to TEA or BaCl 2 and was unchanged after long- term exposure to ouabain. By changing control medium with a chloride-free medium, current density was reversed. The results support the view that K+ excess in bone is maintained by a biologically active cellular system. Because the osteocyte-bone lining cell syncytium was at the origin of the current in bone, it is likely that this system controls the ionic composition of BECF.
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BEF has a different ionic composition from systemic extracellular fluid (SEF) and establishes an extensive contact surface (215 m2, 120-fold the size of the trabecular network) with the mineralized matrix to allow efficient, short-term mineral exchange with SEF.
“BEF has a different ionic composition from systemic extracellular fluid (SEF)22 and establishes an extensive contact surface (215 m2, which is 120-fold the size of the trabecular network) with the mineralized matrix to allow efficient, short-term mineral exchange with SEF.23–26”
From Bone remodeling: an operational process ensuring survival and bone mechanical competence (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
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Bone remodeling: an operational process ensuring survival and bone mechanical competence
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“Isolation of metatarsal bones was done as previously described (33, 42-44).”
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- Authors
- Rubinacci, A., Benelli, F. D., Borgo, E., & Villa, I.
- Affiliations
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele (IT)
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2000-01-01
- Volume
- 278
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- E15-E24
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- OpenAlex
- W1767839524
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion channel regulation and function
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Keywords
- potassium accumulation, ion exchange, Na+/K+-ATPase, potassium channels, tetraethylammonium, barium, ouabain, metatarsals, current density
- MeSH terms
- Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase, Animals, Bone and Bones, Chlorides, Culture Media, Electric Conductivity, Enzyme Inhibitors, Extracellular Space, Ion Exchange, Osmolar Concentration, Ouabain, Potassium, Wounds, Penetrating, Potassium Channels, Barium Compounds, Tetraethylammonium, Potassium Channel Blockers, Mice
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