Actions of estrogen on pulsatile, nyctohemeral, and entropic modes of growth hormone secretion
Abstract
The neuroendocrine mechanisms by which estradiol drives growth hormone (GH) secretion in the human are poorly defined. Here we investigate estrogen's specific regulation of the 24-h pulsatile, nyctohemeral, and entropic modes of GH secretion in healthy postmenopausal women. Volunteers (n = 9) received randomly ordered placebo versus estradiol-17beta (1 mg micronized steroid twice daily orally) treatment for 7-10 days and underwent blood sampling at 10-min intervals for 24 h to capture GH release profiles quantitated in a high-sensitivity chemiluminescence assay. Pulsatile GH secretion was appraised via deconvolution analysis, nyctohemeral GH rhythms by cosinor analysis, and the orderliness of GH release patterns via the approximate entropy statistic. Mean (+/-SE) 24-h serum GH concentrations approximately doubled on estrogen treatment (viz., from 0.31 +/- 0.03 to 0.51 +/- 0.07 microgram/l; P = 0.033). Concomitantly, serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations fell, whereas thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin levels rose (P < 0.01). The specific neuroendocrine action of estradiol included 1) a twofold amplified mass of GH secreted per burst, with no significant changes in basal GH release, half-life, pulse frequency, or duration; 2) an augmented amplitude and mesor of the 24-h rhythm in GH release, with no alteration in acrophase; and 3) greater disorderliness of GH release (higher approximate entropy). These distinctive and dynamic reactions to estrogen are consistent with partial withdrawal of IGF-I's negative feedback and/or accentuated central drive to GH secretion.
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Sex steroids increase pulsatile and thereby total GH secretion by augmenting the mass of GH secreted in each burst.
“Sex steroids increase pulsatile and thereby total GH secretion by augmenting the mass of GH secreted in each burst (3,7,16,17).”
From Determinants of dual secretagogue drive of burst-like growth hormone secretion in premenopausal women studied under a selective estradiol clamp (2005) · cites this paper as [17]
A stable GH secretory burst-renewal process under E2 drive is consistent with reported uniformity of GH pulse frequency at different stages of puberty, across the menstrual cycle, and in men and women.
“The inference of a stable GH secretory burst-renewal process under E 2 drive would agree with the reported uniformity of GH pulse frequency at different stages of puberty, across the menstrual cycle, and in men and women (3, 7, 17, 57-59).”
From Determinants of dual secretagogue drive of burst-like growth hormone secretion in premenopausal women studied under a selective estradiol clamp (2005) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Shah, N., Evans, W. S., & Veldhuis, J. D.
- Affiliations
- U.S. National Science Foundation (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1999-05-01
- Volume
- 276
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- R1351-R1358
- ISSN
- 0363-6119 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1490
- OpenAlex
- W2198101323
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 5.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k04hd000634-02)
- National Institute on Aging (AG-147991)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 00847, M01RR000847)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1 KO4 HD-00634)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- estradiol, growth hormone secretion, pulsatile secretion, nyctohemeral rhythm, postmenopausal women, insulin-like growth factor I, negative feedback, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, neuroendocrine regulation, approximate entropy, deconvolution, cosinor analysis
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Circadian Rhythm, Estradiol, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Luteinizing Hormone, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Middle Aged, Pulsatile Flow, Postmenopause, Human Growth Hormone
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