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Cited by 48Electrolyte and hormonal disordersRegulation of Appetite and ObesityHypothalamic control of reproductive hormones

Progesterone does not alter osmotic regulation of AVP

Open access
Calzone, Wendy L., Silva, Celso, Keefe, David L., Stachenfeld, Nina S.·2001·American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
DOI 10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.6.r2011
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Abstract

To test the hypothesis that progesterone, independent of estrogen, decreases the plasma osmotic threshold for arginine vasopressin (AVP) release and thirst onset, we compared AVP and thirst responses to hypertonic saline infusion (HSI) during administration of oral contraceptives (OCs) containing progesterone (OCP) with responses to infusion of OCs containing progesterone and estrogen (OCEP). Eight women (29 +/- 2 yr) were infused with 3% NaCl (120 min, 0.1 ml. kg body wt(-1). min(-1)) and consumed fluid (90 min, 15 ml/kg body wt) in the early follicular and midluteal phases of a 28-day menstrual cycle and also after 4 wk of OCP and after 4 wk of OCEP in a randomized crossover design. Baseline plasma osmolality (P(osm)) was lower in the luteal phase (280 +/- 1 mosmol/kgH(2)O) and during OCEP (283 +/- 1 mosmol/kgH(2)O) than in the follicular phase (286 +/- 1 mosmol/kgH(2)O, P < 0.05) but was unaffected by OCP (284 +/- 1 mosmol/kgH(2)O). P(osm) remained lower in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase and with OCEP throughout the first 50 min of HSI. The mean abscissal plasma AVP concentration-P(osm) intercept was unaffected by OCP (267 +/- 1 mosmol/kgH(2)O) but was greater in the follicular phase (273 +/- 2 mosmol/kgH(2)O) than in the luteal phase (266 +/- 4 mosmol/kgH(2)O) and with OCEP (268 +/- 2 mosmol/kgH(2)O, P < 0.05). There were no differences in osmotic thresholds for thirst onset across experimental days. Despite the lower osmotic threshold for AVP release during the luteal phase and with OCEP, fluid balance, renal free water clearance, and Na(+) regulation during HSI were unaffected by menstrual phase or OC treatment, indicating a lower osmotic operating point for body water balance. OCP did not affect osmotic AVP regulation, suggesting that progesterone does not affect osmotic fluid regulation through a mechanism independent of estrogen.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.6.r2011

Cites

39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

3 of 47 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Premisecitation

    An earlier study demonstrated a nonstatistically significant 3 mosmol/kgH2O fall in thirst onset during osmotic stimulation between the follicular and luteal phases of women with normal menstrual cycles.

    “Moreover, an earlier study also demonstrated a nonstatistically significant 3 mosmol/kgH 2 O fall in thirst onset during osmotic stimulation between the follicular and luteal phases of women with normal menstrual cycles (35).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [35] source

      The Results (p. 2) say the threshold for thirst was not significantly different between phases. Table I (p. 1) gives thirst intercepts of 269.2 and 264.4 mOsm/kg, a fall of about 4.8—not 3.1 mOsm/kg. The approximately 3 mOsm/kg fall reported in the Results refers to the vasopressin-secretion threshold, not thirst onset. (LLM, conf=0.90)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Findingown data

    In our study, osmotic threshold for AVP release in OCP was similar to that in the luteal phase and OCEP.

    “In our study, osmotic threshold for AVP release in OCP was similar to that in the luteal phase and OCEP.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    During the first 50 min of HSI, plasma osmolality remained lower in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase and OCEP.

    “HSI P osm during the luteal phase remained below that of the follicular phase and OCEP through the first 50 min of HSI (Fig. 1; P Ͻ 0.05)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Elevated estrogen and progesterone levels were associated with greater plasma renin activity and aldosterone.

    “Moreover, although elevated estrogen and progesterone levels were associated with greater PRA and aldosterone”
    • Also stated in: § Baseline · plain
      “Preinfusion P [Ald] was increased in the luteal phase relative to the follicular phase, although PRA was greater in the luteal phase, OCEP, and OCP than in the follicular phase (Fig. 2; P Ͻ 0.05).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    The mean abscissal plasma AVP concentration-plasma osmolality intercept was greater in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase and with OCEP.

    “but was greater in the follicular phase (273 Ϯ 2 mosmol/kgH2O) than in the luteal phase (266 Ϯ 4 mosmol/kgH 2O) and with OCEP (268 Ϯ 2 mosmol/kgH2O, P Ͻ 0.05).”
    • Also stated in: § Baseline · plain
      “The mean abscissal intercept for the P [AVP] -P osm relationship was greater in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase and OCEP (Fig. 3, Table 1; P Ͻ 0.05).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: OCEP agents deliver pharmacological levels of estrogen and progesterone.
    • Rests on an assumption: During OCEP and OCP, ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone would be elevated to pharmacological levels in blood and tissue.
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 19
  • May combine two claims. 17
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 2

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Changes in body fluid regulation may be due to changes in the osmotic regulation of AVP and thirst sensation.

    “One proposed mechanism for these changes in body fluid regulation may be due to changes in the osmotic regulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and thirst sensation (27,35,37).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [27] source
    • cites [35] source

      The Introduction (p. 1) proposes hormonal changes, including vasopressin, as contributors to menstrual-cycle changes in fluid balance. The Discussion (p. 3) reports a lower luteal-phase osmotic threshold for vasopressin that approached significance, but the Results (p. 2) found no significant difference in the thirst threshold between phases. The proposed change in osmotic regulation of thirst is therefore not supported by this paper. (LLM, conf=0.86)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [37] source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationcitation

    The difficulty in detecting these differences consistently may be a result of variability in the subjects' subjective interpretation of the thirst scales or subtle differences in the scales themselves.

    “The difficulty in detecting these differences consistently may be a result of variability in the subjects' subjective interpretation of the thirst scales or subtle differences in the scales themselves (22).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [22] source

      The Physiology section says thirst estimates rely on subjects perceiving and reporting the sensation, and that its geometric rating scale is susceptible to personal and cultural influences. This supports variability in subjective ratings, but the paper does not link subtle differences between scales to inconsistent detection of the differences described in the citing sentence. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    OCEP led to increases in plasma cortisol concentration before, during, and after HSI.

    “Finally, OCEP led to increases in P [Cort] before, during, and after HSI”
    • Also stated in: § Baseline · plain
      “Baseline P [Cort] was greater during OCEP than in all other conditions (Fig. 1; P Ͻ 0.05).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: OCEP agents deliver pharmacological levels of estrogen and progesterone.
    • Rests on an assumption: During OCEP and OCP, ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone would be elevated to pharmacological levels in blood and tissue.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In our study, PV was decreased in the luteal phase but was increased during OCEP, despite similar reductions in the osmotic thresholds for AVP release.

    “However, although changes in PV shift the P [AVP] -P osm response curve, in our study PV was decreased in the luteal phase but was increased during OCEP, despite similar reductions in the osmotic thresholds for AVP release.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    We did not see any statistically significant effect of menstrual cycle or oral contraceptive pills on osmotic thirst regulation; however, we found trends showing that the thirst threshold fell from 286 mosmol/kgH2O in the follicular phase to 283 and 284 mosmol/kgH2O in the luteal phase and OCEP, respectively.

    “We did not see any statistically significant effect of menstrual cycle or oral contraceptive pills on osmotic thirst regulation; however, we found trends showing that the thirst threshold fell from 286 mosmol/kgH 2 O in the follicular phase to 283 and 284 mosmol/kgH 2 O in the luteal phase and OCEP, respectively.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    During the midluteal phase and during OCEP, estrogen concentrations in blood and tissue are greatly increased over follicular phase levels.

    “During the midluteal phase and during OCEP, estrogen concentrations in blood and tissue are greatly increased over follicular phase levels.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Fluid balance, renal free water clearance, and Na+ regulation during HSI were unaffected by menstrual phase or oral contraceptive treatment.

    “Despite the lower osmotic threshold for AVP release during the luteal phase and with OCEP, fluid balance, renal free water clearance, and Na ϩ regulation during HSI were unaffected by menstrual phase or OC treatment”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    The progestin in OCEP and OCP (norethindrone) did not increase P[Ald], alter Na+ excretion, or increase blood pressure.

    “The progestin in OCEP and OCP (norethindrone), in contrast to endogenous progesterone, lacks antimineralocorticoid properties and did not increase P [Ald] , alter Na ϩ excretion, or increase blood pressure.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Our studies found a decrease in the osmotic threshold for AVP release during the administration of estrogen with progesterone, although there were no changes in osmotic regulation of AVP with progesterone administration alone.

    “Our studies found a decrease in the osmotic threshold for AVP release during the administration of estrogen with progesterone, although there were no changes in osmotic regulation of AVP with progesterone administration alone.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    High plasma estrogen and progesterone levels can lead to fluid retention, hypertension, and edema.

    “HIGH PLASMA ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE levels can lead to fluid retention (9,28,32,33,36), hypertension (20), and edema (21,(32)(33)(34).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 7 sources checked
    • cites [9] source
    • cites [28] source
    • cites [32] source
    • cites [33] source
    • cites [36] source
    • cites [20] source
    • cites 21,(32)(33)(34)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    In a recent dehydration study, the shift in osmotic stimulation of AVP and thirst occurred with no change in body fluid balance, indicating a downward resetting of osmoreceptors.

    “In a recent study using dehydration, we demonstrated that this shift in osmotic stimulation of AVP and thirst occurs with no change in body fluid balance, indicating a downward resetting of the osmoreceptors (30).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [30] source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    These changes in body fluid regulation are usually attributed to estrogen.

    “These changes in body fluid regulation are usually attributed to estrogen (1,2,6,25).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked
    • cites [1] source
    • cites [2] source
    • cites [6] source
    • cites [25] source

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    The difference in PV between the follicular phase and the luteal phase and between the follicular phase and OCEP (<10%) would have increased central venous pressure by <1 mmHg, an insufficient change in central venous pressure to load cardiopulmonary baroreceptors enough to cause changes in the Posm-P[AVP] response curve.

    “Furthermore, the difference in PV between the follicular phase and the luteal phase and between the follicular phase and OCEP (Ͻ10%) would have increased central venous pressure by Ͻ1 mmHg (15), an insufficient change in central venous pressure to load cardiopulmonary baroreceptors enough to cause changes in the P osm -P [AVP] response curve (23).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [15] source
    • cites [23] source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). The quote only partly states this claim.

    Study design and conductreasoning

    Sample size was calculated to provide 80% power to detect a difference with a two-sided alpha level of 0.05, yielding eight subjects per group.

    “The desired statistical test is two-sided at an ␣-level of 0.05 with 80% power to detect a difference.”
    • Also stated in: § Sample size calculation. · plain
      “the calculated sample size is eight subjects per group.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [28] source
    • cites [4]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The greater P[Cort] during OCEP is consistent with earlier studies and has been attributed to increases in cortisol-binding globulin (CBG) and associated with changes in the binding characteristics of cortisol to CBG during estrogen administration.

    “which is consistent with earlier studies and has been attributed to increases in cortisol-binding globulin (CBG) and associated with changes in the binding characteristics of cortisol to CBG during estrogen administration (5).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [5] source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Estrogen may impact AVP release indirectly via catecholamines.

    “In addition, estrogen may impact AVP release indirectly via catecholamines (7).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [7] source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The study used single-blind random assignment to OCEP or OCP.

    “After completing the two baseline tests, the women again underwent HSI after 4 wk of OCEP or OCP treatment (single-blind, random assignment).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Progesterone can influence neuronal function in the hypothalamus, and progesterone receptors are found in the paraventricular nucleus, a primary area involved in AVP synthesis and release.

    “Progesterone can influence neuronal function in the hypothalamus (10), and progesterone receptors are found in the paraventricular nucleus (3), a primary area involved in AVP synthesis and release.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [10] source
    • cites [3] source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). The quote only partly states this claim.

    Study design and conductown data

    Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation for the midrange standards were within specified ranges.

    “Intra-and interassay coefficients of variation for the midrange standards were, respectively, as follows: 7.1% and 10.7% for P[AVP] (3.1 pg/ml), 3.6% and 4.5% for P[Cort] (12.1 g/dl; Diagnostic Products, Los Angeles, CA), 2.8% and 5.0% for PRA (4.8 ng ⅐ ml ANG Ϫ1 ⅐ h Ϫ1 ; Immuno Biological Laboratories), 3.8% and 5.2% for P [Ald] (181 pg/ml; Diagnostic Products), 6.0% and 8.2% for P [ANP] (61.8 pg”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The different P[AVP] responses to osmotic stimulation during the luteal phase vs. OCP may be due to structural or metabolic differences in endogenous progesterone vs. the synthetic progestin in OCP, norethindrone.

    “The different P [AVP] responses to osmotic stimulation during the luteal phase vs. OCP may be due to structural or metabolic differences in endogenous progesterone vs. the synthetic progestin in OCP, norethindrone.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationnone given

    The decrease in P[Cort] over the course of the experiment in all four conditions was likely due to the normal circadian fall in cortisol release from its early morning peak to its later-day nadir.

    “The decrease in P [Cort] over the course of the experiment in all four conditions was likely due to the normal circadian fall in cortisol release from its early morning peak to its later-day nadir.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    There is evidence that progesterone receptor activity in the brain stimulates AVP production from the paraventricular nucleus, although this AVP stimulation by progesterone appears to depend on the presence of estrogen.

    “There is evidence that progesterone receptor activity in the brain stimulates AVP production from the paraventricular nucleus, although this AVP stimulation by progesterone appears to depend on the presence of estrogen (3).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [3] source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The most likely mechanism for the sex hormone-related shift in osmotic regulation of AVP is the central nervous system, while peripheral mechanisms, such as changes in PV, also play an important role in the regulation of AVP release.

    “Although the most likely mechanism for the sex hormone-related shift in osmotic regulation of AVP is the central nervous system, peripheral mechanisms, such as changes in PV, also play an important role in the regulation of AVP release (23).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [23] source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Actions of progesterone in the brain may respond only to progesterone, and not to norethindrone, a progestational derivative of testosterone, which differs in structure from endogenous progesterone.

    “Actions of progesterone in the brain may respond only to progesterone, and not to norethindrone, a progestational derivative of testosterone, which differs in structure from endogenous progesterone.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    The shift in osmotic thresholds during exercise-induced dehydration may have been influenced by exercise effects or plasma volume loss.

    “However, this shift may have been influenced by exercise effects (14) or plasma volume (PV) loss that occurs concomitantly with the increases in plasma osmolality (P osm ) during dehydration (23).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [14] source
    • cites [23] source

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    The estrogen-induced shift in osmotic regulation of AVP represents a shift in body water regulation to a lower plasma osmolality operating point or a resetting of osmoreceptors.

    “Thus the estrogen-induced shift in osmotic regulation of AVP represents a shift in body water regulation to a lower P osm operating point or a resetting of osmoreceptors (30).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [30] source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Water retention and edema occur during early pregnancy and during use of oral contraceptives containing progesterone only (OCP); under both conditions, progesterone is elevated without elevations in estrogen.

    “Water retention and edema occur during early pregnancy (9) and during use of oral contraceptives containing progesterone only (OCP) (30); under both conditions, progesterone is elevated without elevations in estrogen.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [9] source
    • cites [30] source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Norethindrone metabolites may have similar effects on GABA A, and there is evidence indicating that oral contraceptives similar in structure to norethindrone increase GABA A levels in rat brain.

    “Norethindrone metabolites may have similar effects on GABA A , and there is evidence indicating that oral contraceptives similar in structure to norethindrone increase GABA A levels in rat brain (8,26).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [8] source
    • cites [26] source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    There is evidence of angiotensinergic innervation of vasopressinergic cells in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, which are modulated by estrogen.

    “There is also evidence of angiotensinergic innervation of vasopressinergic cells in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, which are modulated by estrogen (31).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [31] source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Corticotropin-releasing hormone and AVP interact at the level of the anterior pituitary.

    “Corticotropin-releasing hormone and AVP interact at the level of the anterior pituitary (16)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [16] source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    In an earlier study, progesterone treatment increased the threshold and decreased the slope of the P[AVP]-Posm regression lines in women with premenstrual syndrome.

    “In an earlier study, progesterone treatment increased the threshold and decreased the slope of the P [AVP] -P osm regression lines in women with premenstrual syndrome (38).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [38] Watanabe H, 1997, Clin Invest Med

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The study used a randomized crossover design.

    “in a randomized crossover design.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    These data support the hypothesis that the observed changes in osmotic AVP regulation during the luteal phase and combined oral contraceptive administration are mediated by estrogen, most likely acting in the central nervous system.

    “These data support the hypothesis that the observed changes in osmotic AVP regulation during the luteal phase and combined oral contraceptive administration are mediated by estrogen, most likely acting in the central nervous system.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    In conduct of research where humans are the subjects, the investigators adhered to the policies regarding the protection of human subjects as prescribed by 45 CFR 46 and 32 CFR 219.

    “In conduct of research where humans are the subjects, the investigators adhered to the policies regarding the protection of human subjects as prescribed by 45 CFR 46 and 32 CFR 219 (Protection of Human Subjects).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
34 of 34

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    OCP pills contain no estrogen.

    “while OCP pills contain no estrogen.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    OCEP agents deliver pharmacological levels of estrogen and progesterone.

    “OCEP agents deliver pharmacological levels of estrogen and progesterone”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    During OCEP and OCP, ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone would be elevated to pharmacological levels in blood and tissue.

    “During OCEP and OCP, ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone would be elevated to pharmacological levels in blood and tissue but were not measured by our assays.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    HSI provides a strong osmotic stimulus without the confounding effects of exercise and plasma volume loss.

    “HSI provides a strong osmotic stimulus but without the confounding effects of exercise and PV loss.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The progestin in OCEP and OCP (norethindrone), in contrast to endogenous progesterone, lacks antimineralocorticoid properties.

    “The progestin in OCEP and OCP (norethindrone), in contrast to endogenous progesterone, lacks antimineralocorticoid properties”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The progestin in oral contraceptive pills differs structurally from endogenous progesterone.

    “Finally, the progestin in oral contraceptive pills differs structurally from endogenous progesterone”
6 of 6

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Progesterone administration also increased plasma volume.

    “In contrast to studies using oral contraceptives (4,25), progesterone administration also increased plasma volume.”

    From Sex Hormone Effects on Body Fluid Regulation (2008) · cites this paper as [4]

  • Osmotically controlled AVP secretion is greater in the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle, but the luteal phase is usually not accompanied by greater water retention.

    “Moreover, although osmotically controlled secretion of AVP is greater in the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle (4,7,25) (concomitant with increases in estrogens and progesterone), the luteal phase is usually not accompanied by greater water retention (4,7,25).”

    From Sex Hormone Effects on Body Fluid Regulation (2008) · cites this paper as [4]

  • AVP and thirst are highly sensitive to plasma osmolality, needing only a 2%-3% change to increase.

    “Arginine vasopressin and thirst are highly sensitive to changes in plasma osmolality, requiring only a 2%–3% change in osmolality to induce thirst or AVP increases (4,23,26).”

    From Sex Hormone Effects on Body Fluid Regulation (2008) · cites this paper as [4]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Free-water clearance is described as increasing when it falls

    Minor

    The Results say free-water clearance increased during infusion, but Table 3 shows it moving from positive to negative in every condition. In the follicular group, it went from 1.1 to −1.6 ml/min.

  • Abstract reverses the early-infusion osmolality comparison

    Minor

    The abstract says osmolality was lower in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase during the first 50 minutes. The Results state the opposite: luteal-phase osmolality remained below follicular-phase osmolality.

2 of 2

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Saad SF., 1970, J Pharm Pharmacol, 20, 754
  2. Watanabe H, 1997, Clin Invest Med, 20, 211

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Calzone, W. L., Silva, C., Keefe, D. L., & Stachenfeld, N. S.
Affiliations
Brown University (US)
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
2001-12-01
Volume
281
Issue
6
Pages
R2011-R2020
ISSN
  • 0363-6119 (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-1490
DOI
10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.6.r2011
OpenAlex
W1819861105
Cited by
47
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
FWCI
2.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Keywords
vasopressin, osmoregulation, thirst, oral contraceptives, estrogen, plasma osmolality, menstrual cycle, luteal phase, follicular phase, hypertonic saline infusion, free water clearance, sodium regulation, fluid balance, body water balance, osmotic threshold, women of reproductive age, hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis
MeSH terms
Adult, Arginine Vasopressin, Blood Volume, Estradiol, Female, Follicular Phase, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Luteal Phase, Menstrual Cycle, Progesterone, Thirst, Water-Electrolyte Balance

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