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Cited by 189Electrolyte and hormonal disordersRenin-Angiotensin System StudiesIon Transport and Channel Regulation

Selected Contribution: Sex differences in osmotic regulation of AVP and renal sodium handling

Stachenfeld, Nina S., Splenser, Andres E., Calzone, Wendy L., Taylor, Matthew P., Keefe, David L.·2001·Journal of Applied Physiology
DOI 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.4.1893
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Abstract

To determine sex differences in osmoregulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and body water, we studied eight men (24 ± 1 yr) and eight women (29 ± 2 yr) during 3% NaCl infusion [hypertonic saline infusion (HSI); 120 min, 0.1 ml · kg body wt −1 · min −1 ]. Subjects then drank 15 ml/kg body wt over 30 min followed by 60 min of rest. Women were studied in the early follicular (F; 16.1 ± 2.8 pg/ml plasma 17β-estradiol and 0.6 ± 0.1 ng/ml plasma progesterone) and midluteal (L; 80.6 ± 11.4 pg/ml plasma 17β-estradiol and 12.7 ± 0.7 ng/ml plasma progesterone) menstrual phases. Basal plasma osmolality was higher in F (286 ± 1 mosmol/kgH 2 O) and in men (289 ± 1 mosmol/kgH 2 O) compared with L (280 ± 1 mosmol/kgH 2 O, P < 0.05). Neither menstrual phase nor gender affected basal plasma AVP concentration (P [AVP] ; 1.7 ± 4, 1.9 ± 0.4, and 2.2 ± 0.5 pg/ml for F, L, and men, respectively). The plasma osmolality threshold for AVP release was lowest in L ( x-intercept, 263 ± 3 mosmol/kgH 2 O, P < 0.05) compared with F (273 ± 2 mosmol/kgH 2 O) and men (270 ± 4 mosmol/kgH 2 O) during HSI. Men had greater P [AVP] -plasma osmolality slopes (i.e., sensitivity) compared with F and L (slopes = 0.14 ± 0.04, 0.09 ± 0.01, and 0.24 ± 0.07 for F, L, and men, respectively, P < 0.05). Despite similar Na + -regulating hormone responses, men excreted less Na + during HSI (0.7 ± 0.1, 0.7 ± 0.1, and 0.5 ± 0.1 meq/kg body wt for F, L, and men, respectively, P < 0.05). Furthermore, men had greater systolic blood pressure (119 ± 5, 119 ± 5, and 132 ± 3 mmHg for F, L, and men, respectively, P < 0.05) than F and L. Our data indicate greater sensitivity in P [AVP] response to changes in plasma osmolality as the primary difference between men and women during HSI. In men, this greater sensitivity was associated with an increase in systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure during HSI, most likely due to a shift in the pressure-natriuresis curve.

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  • Female sex hormones affect fluid dynamics and electrolyte handling.

    “Female sex hormones affect fluid dynamics and electrolyte handling.”

    From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [47]

  • Endogenous estrogen and progesterone have antagonistic effects on fluid balance: estrogens activate the renin-angiotensin system leading to sodium retention and water retention, while progesterone is a potent aldosterone antagonist preventing sodium retention.

    “endogenous estrogen and progesterone have antagonistic effects on fluid balance: estrogens activate the renin–angiotensin system, stimulating the production of angiotensinogen and leading to higher levels of angiotensin, aldosterone, and sodium in plasma (sodium retention) [52], thus resulting in increased water retention. On the other hand, progesterone is a potent aldosterone antagonist [47],”

    From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [47]

  • Older women are slower to excrete water (as compared to younger, premenopausal women) increasing the risk of hyponatremia.

    “Older women are slower to excrete water (as compared to younger, premenopausal women) increasing the risk of hyponatremia [279,280].”

    From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [280]

  • AVP and thirst are highly sensitive to plasma osmolality, needing only a 2%-3% change to increase.

    “Arginine vasopressin and thirst are highly sensitive to changes in plasma osmolality, requiring only a 2%–3% change in osmolality to induce thirst or AVP increases (4,23,26).”

    From Sex Hormone Effects on Body Fluid Regulation (2008) · cites this paper as [26]

  • Resting plasma AVP is higher in men than in women, but only during the follicular phase.

    “Resting P[AVP] is greater in men than in women (although only in the follicular phase (5,26))”

    From Sex Hormone Effects on Body Fluid Regulation (2008) · cites this paper as [26]

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Authors
Stachenfeld, N. S., Splenser, A. E., Calzone, W. L., Taylor, M. P., & Keefe, D. L.
Affiliations
Brown University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
2001-10-01
Volume
91
Issue
4
Pages
1893-1901
ISSN
  • 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
  • 8750-7587
  • 1522-1601
DOI
10.1152/jappl.2001.91.4.1893
OpenAlex
W2224347091
Cited by
189
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
FWCI
1.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
Keywords
sex differences, vasopressin, osmoregulation, renal sodium excretion, hypertonic saline infusion, plasma osmolality, menstrual cycle, follicular phase, luteal phase, estradiol, progesterone, total body water
MeSH terms
Adult, Algorithms, Arginine Vasopressin, Blood Volume, Body Water, Female, Hemodynamics, Hemoglobins, Humans, Kidney, Male, Renin, Sex Characteristics, Sodium, Water-Electrolyte Balance, Genome

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