Cited by 798Cardiovascular and exercise physiologySports Performance and TrainingExercise and Physiological Responses

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Maximal oxygen uptake in athletes

Saltin, B, Astrand, P O·1967·Journal of Applied Physiology

DOI 10.1152/jappl.1967.23.3.353

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“Although VO2max has traditionally been considered the ‘‘gold standard’’ for evaluation of endurance performance (Costill, 1967; Saltin & Astrand, 1967), recent evidence suggests that a performance threshold (PT) (often imprecisely referred to as ‘‘anaerobic threshold’’) provides a better index of…”
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“…in an organism that occur almost immediately after initiating exercise, whole-body oxygen uptake increasing about 20-fold during maximal exercise, heart rate increasing up to 200 beats min–1 and ventilation increasing up to maximum of around 150 L min–1 (Saltin & Astrand, 1967; Hawley et al. 2014).”
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“While a high maximal oxygen uptake (1)'o2~) has traditionally been regarded as a prerequisite in distance running success (Saltin and Astrand 1967; Costill 1967; Wyndham et al. 1969; Foster et al. 1978), lactaterelated factors such as maximal steady-state (Londeree and Ames 1975; LaFontaine et al.”
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BODY COMPOSITION OF ELITE CLASS DISTANCE RUNNERS*
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Ventilatory Threshold, Running Economy and Distance Running Performance of Trained Athletes
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“The _ VO2max of two top-level Kalenjins of the 1960s was higher than 80 ml min kg (Saltin and Åstrand 1967), and similar values were also observed in top-level Caucasians studied in the same period (di Prampero et al. 1970; Pollock 1977; Saltin and Åstrand 1967).”
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“[44] These three factors are now generally accepted as key factors in endurance performance[45-47] and are supported by findings in different studies on VO2max[48;49], LT [47;48;50;51] and C [47;50;51].”
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Altered exercise performance and abnormal sympathetic responses to exercise in patients with anorexia nervosa
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“…of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway, 3 The Norwegian Olympic Federation, Oslo, Norway The present study investigated the contribution of performance on uphill, flat, and downhill sections to overall performance in an international 10-km classical time-trial in elite female cross-country skiers, as…”
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Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in older endurance athletes
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AEROBIC RESPONSES OF FEMALE DISTANCE RUNNERS TO SUBMAXIMAL AND MAXIMAL EXERCISE *
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“There exists long-standing evidence that VO2max and performance decline progressively with age.(39) A decrease in VO2max is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality.”
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Increase of lipoprotein-lipase activity in skeletal muscle during heavy exercise. Relation to epinephrine excretion
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“kg [19]).”
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Self-citation
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“…and Schwartz 1974; Greksa et al. 1984; Hunter et al. 2001; Rode and Shephard 1971, 1984; Sanada et al. 2007; weston et al. 2000; wyndham et al. 1963), also as far as top athletes are concerned (Billat et al. 2003; Bosch et al. 1990; Saltin and Åstrand 1967; Saltin et al. 1995; tam et al. 2012).”
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“Such gender differences in VO2max are in agreement with comparisons of male and female elite cross-country skiers’ VO2max made across several decades (Ingjer 1991; Saltin and Åstrand 1967).”
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“Female middle-distance runners exhibit lower I?O2max than their male counterparts (Saltin and Astrand 1967; Daniels et al. 1986).”
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The aerobic-anaerobic transition: re-examination of the threshold concept including an electromyographic approach
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“…with performance in distance running competition include maximal aerobic power (Costill, 1967; Davies and Thompson, 1979; Wyndham et al, 1969; Saltin and Astrand, 1967), body composition (Costill et al, 1970; Novak et al, 1977; Sprynarova and Parizkova, 1971), various training indices (Hagan…”
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Treadmill performance and selected physiological characteristics of wheelchair athletes.
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“During exercise, whole-body oxygen consumption may increase up to 20-fold (Saltin & Åstrand, 1967), while oxygen consumption in active muscles may reach 100 times the resting level (Davies et al., 1982).”
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The Kenyan runners
Larsen, H. B., & Sheel, A. W. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12573 · Cited by 54
“Elite male athletes typically have a VO2max between 70–85 mL/kg/min with women having values approximately 10% lower owing to a lower hemoglobin concentration and higher levels of body fat (Saltin & Astrand, 1967).”
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Maximal aerobic power in oarsmen
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Effects of Nitrate Supplementation on Exercise Performance in Humans: A Narrative Review
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“Certain elite-level athletes where NO3 supplementation might be useful participating in sports requiring not only endurance, but also speed, strength, and anaerobic capacity might not have the same level of VO2max as solely endurance athletes [69,70].”
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Olympic Sports Science—Bibliometric Analysis of All Summer and Winter Olympic Sports Research
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“In the European Nordic countries, sport sciences have a long tradition of excellence, owing primarily to the work of famous pioneers in exercise physiology (e.g., Saltin and Astrand, 1967) who performed early studies, including some on Nordic skiers.”
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The key to top-level endurance running performance: a unique example: Table 1
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Peak oxygen uptake in Paralympic sitting sports: A systematic literature review, meta- and pooled-data analysis
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The Effects of Exercise on Growth
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Determinants of five kilometre running performance in active men and women.
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The effect of training on aerobic power characteristics of young cross‐country skiers
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Physiological Adaptation to Physical Conditioning
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Skiing Economy and Efficiency in Recreational and Elite Cross-Country Skiers
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“and for cross-country skiers in particular (4,6,22,34,35), it cannot be fully used during endurance”
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Effect of short-duration physical activity and ventilation threshold on subjective appetite and short-term energy intake in boys
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The Role of Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Exercise Performance
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Background

Authors: Saltin, B., & Astrand, P. O.
Venue: Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 1967-09
Volume: 23
Issue: 3
Pages: 353-358
ISSN: 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
8750-7587
1522-1601
DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1967.23.3.353
OpenAlex: W2125646886
Cited by: 798
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 28
FWCI: 13.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords: VO2max, athletes, cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise physiology
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Physical Exertion, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Lactates, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Respiration

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