Effects of exercise and lack of exercise on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity
Abstract
Physically trained individuals have a markedly blunted insulin response to a glucose load and yet have normal glucose tolerance. This phenomenon has generally been ascribed to long-term adaptations to training which correlate with maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and reduced adiposity. Our study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that residual effects of the last bouts of exercise play an important role in this phenomenon. Eight well-trained subjects stopped training for 10 days. There were no significant changes in VO2max (58.6 +/- 2.2 vs. 57.6 +/- 2.1 ml/kg), estimated percent body fat (12.5 +/- 0.7 vs. 12.5 +/- 0.8%), or body weight. The maximum rise in plasma insulin concentration in response to a 100-g oral glucose load was 100% higher after 10 days without exercise than when the subjects were exercising regularly. Despite the increased insulin levels, blood glucose concentrations were higher after 10 days without exercise. Insulin binding to monocytes also decreased with physical inactivity. One bout of exercise after 11 days without exercise returned insulin binding and the insulin and glucose responses to an oral 100-g glucose load almost to the initial “trained” value. These results support our hypothesis.
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A single bout of muscle contraction increases insulin sensitivity in perfused hindquarters of healthy animals and in the whole body of healthy humans.
“A single bout of muscle contraction increases insulin sensitivity in perfused hindquarters of healthy animals (242, 255, 434) and in the whole body of healthy humans (230, 343).”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [230]
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- Authors
- Heath, G. W., Gavin, J. R., Hinderliter, J. M., Hagberg, J. M., Bloomfield, S. A., & Holloszy, J. O.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1983-08-01
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 512-517
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W1853934115
- Cited by
- 356
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 13.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- physical activity, physical inactivity, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, insulin response, trained individuals, insulin binding, monocytes, VO2max, fat mass, oral glucose tolerance test
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Composition, Body Weight, Female, Glucose, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Monocytes, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Education and Training
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