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Cited by 75Exercise and Physiological ResponsesMuscle metabolism and nutritionSports Performance and Training

Effect of glutamine and protein supplementation on exercise-induced decreases in salivary IgA

Krzywkowski, Karen, Petersen, Emil Wolsk, Ostrowski, Kenneth, Link-Amster, Harriet, Boza, Julio, Halkjaer-Kristensen, Jens, Pedersen, Bente Klarlund·2001·Journal of Applied Physiology
DOI 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.2.832
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Abstract

Postexercise immune impairment has been linked to exercise-induced decrease in plasma glutamine concentration. This study examined the possibility of abolishing the exercise-induced decrease in salivary IgA through glutamine supplementation during and after intense exercise. Eleven athletes performed cycle ergometer exercise for 2 h at 75% of maximal oxygen uptake on 3 separate days. Glutamine (a total of 17.5 g), protein (a total of 68.5 g/6.2 g protein-bound glutamine), and placebo supplements were given during and up to 2 h after exercise. Unstimulated, timed saliva samples were obtained before exercise and 20 min, 140 min, 4 h, and 22 h postexercise. The exercise protocol induced a decrease in salivary IgA (IgA concentration, IgA output, and IgA relative to total protein). The plasma concentration of glutamine was decreased by 15% 2 h postexercise in the placebo group, whereas this decline was abolished by both glutamine and protein supplements. None of the supplements, however, was able to abolish the decline in salivary IgA. This study does not support that postexercise decrease in salivary IgA is related to plasma glutamine concentrations.

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  • Polyphenol supplementation with blueberry and green tea extracts increased metabolites characteristic of gut bacteria polyphenol metabolism and ketogenesis in runners during recovery from 3-d heavy exertion.

    “Polyphenol supplementation with blueberry and green tea extracts increased the metabolites characteristic of gut bacteria polyphenol metabolism and ketogenesis in runners during recovery from 3-d heavy exertion [120]”

    From Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes (2016) · cites this paper as [120]

  • Acute glutamine supplementation taken during and after exercise in sufficient amounts to prevent the post-exercise fall in the plasma glutamine concentration has no effect on salivary IgA nor lymphocyte function.

    “Acute glutamine supplementation taken during and after exercise in sufficient amounts to prevent the post-exercise fall in the plasma glutamine concentration has no effect on salivary IgA nor lymphocyte function [120].”

    From Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes (2016) · cites this paper as [120]

  • Consuming a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet for several days prior to exercise results in a lower plasma glutamine concentration after exercise.

    “Consuming a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet for several days prior to exercise results in a lower plasma glutamine concentration after exercise [120].”

    From Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes (2016) · cites this paper as [120]

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Authors
Krzywkowski, K., Petersen, E. W., Ostrowski, K., Link-Amster, H., Boza, J., Halkjaer-Kristensen, J., & Pedersen, B. K.
Affiliations
  • Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre (DK)
  • Nestlé Research Center, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
  • Department of Orthopedic Rehabilitation and Medicine, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and
ORCID
Pedersen, Bente Klarlund
Venue
Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
2001-08-01
Volume
91
Issue
2
Pages
832-838
ISSN
  • 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
  • 8750-7587
  • 1522-1601
DOI
10.1152/jappl.2001.91.2.832
OpenAlex
W2134672175
Cited by
75
References
39
Citations by year
2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
FWCI
4.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
glutamine supplementation, protein supplementation, salivary IgA, plasma glutamine, high-intensity exercise, athletes, cycle ergometry
MeSH terms
Adult, Dietary Proteins, Physical Exertion, Glutamine, Heart Rate, Humans, Immunoglobulin A, Secretory, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Saliva, Sports, Time Factors, Exercise, Dietary Supplements

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