The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Economy of running: beyond the measurement of oxygen uptake
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare running economy across three submaximal speeds expressed as both oxygen cost (ml·kg−1·km−1) and the energy required to cover a given distance (kcal·kg−1·km−1) in a group of trained male distance runners. It was hypothesized that expressing running economy in terms of caloric unit cost would be more sensitive to changes in speed than oxygen cost by accounting for differences associated with substrate utilization. Sixteen highly trained male distance runners [maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o 2max) 66.5 ± 5.6 ml·kg−1·min−1, body mass 67.9 ± 7.3 kg, height 177.6 ± 7.0 cm, age 24.6 ± 5.0 yr] ran on a motorized treadmill for 5 min with a gradient of 0% at speeds corresponding to 75%, 85%, and 95% of speed at lactate threshold with 5-min rest between stages. Oxygen uptake was measured via open-circuit calorimetry. Average oxygen cost was 221 ± 19, 217 ± 15, and 221 ± 13 ml·kg−1·km−1, respectively. Caloric unit cost was 1.05 ± 0.09, 1.07 ± 0.08, and 1.11 ± 0.07 kcal·kg−1·km−1 at the three trial speeds, respectively. There was no difference in oxygen cost with respect to speed ( P = 0.657); however, caloric unit cost significantly increased with speed ( P < 0.001). It was concluded that expression of running economy in terms of caloric unit cost is more sensitive to changes in speed and is a more valuable expression of running economy than oxygen uptake, even when normalized per distance traveled.
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“More recent work [80] has emphasized the importance of total energy cost which integrates contributions from all energy systems and thus offers a more comprehensive assessment of exercise economy.”
From Effects of Aging on Determinants of Endurance Performance in Women Masters Athletes: A Scoping Review (2026) · cites this paper as [80]
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Citations
Cites
The Effect of Endurance Training on Parameters of Aerobic Fitness
Jones, A. M., & Carter, H. (2000) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200029060-00001 · Cited by 935
Running economy of elite male and elite female runners
DANIELS, J., & DANIELS, N. (1992) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199204000-00015 · Cited by 345
Lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of endurance-trained males and females
Costill, D. L., Fink, W. J., Getchell, L. H., Ivy, J. L., & Witzmann, F. A. (1979) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1979.47.4.787 · Cited by 189
Individual Anaerobic Threshold and Maximum Lactate Steady State
Urhausen, A., Coen, B., Weiler, B., & Kindermann, W. (1993) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1021157 · Cited by 171
Cited by
Running economy: Measurement, norms, and determining factors
Barnes, K. R., & Kilding, A. E. (2015) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-015-0007-y · Cited by 465
A Comparison of the Energetic Cost of Running in Marathon Racing Shoes
Hoogkamer, W., Kipp, S., Frank, J. H., Farina, E. M., Luo, G., & Kram, R. (2018) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0811-2 · Cited by 434
“However, since oxygen uptake alone does not reflect metabolic substrate differences [7], we prefer to define running economy as the energetic cost of running at a specific velocity expressed in W/kg.”
BackgroundBiomechanics and Physiology of Uphill and Downhill Running
Vernillo, G., Giandolini, M., Edwards, W. B., Morin, J.-B., Samozino, P., Horvais, N., & Millet, G. Y. (2017) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0605-y · Cited by 289
Altered Running Economy Directly Translates to Altered Distance-Running Performance
HOOGKAMER, W., KIPP, S., SPIERING, B. A., & KRAM, R. (2016) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001012 · Cited by 230
Sex Differences in Endurance Running.
Besson, T., Macchi, R., Rossi, J., Morio, C. Y. M., Kunimasa, Y., Nicol, C., Vercruyssen, F., & Millet, G. Y. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-022-01651-w · Cited by 158
Extrapolating Metabolic Savings in Running: Implications for Performance Predictions
Kipp, S., Kram, R., & Hoogkamer, W. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00079 · Cited by 129
Running economy and body composition between competitive and recreational level distance runners
Mooses, M., Jürimäe, J., Mäestu, J., Mooses, K., Purge, P., & Jürimäe, T. (2013) · Acta Physiologica Hungarica · doi:10.1556/aphysiol.100.2013.3.10 · Cited by 16
Quadriceps muscle oxygenation during a maximum stress test in middle-aged athletes
University of Murcia, U. I. F. R. I. A., Paredes-Ruiz, M.-J., Jodar-Reverte, M., University of Murcia, U. I. F. R. I. A., Ferrer-Lopez, V., University of Murcia, U. I. F. R. I. A., Martínez- González-Moro, I., & University of Murcia, U. I. F. R. I. A. (2020) · Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine · doi:10.26773/mjssm.200908 · Cited by 8
Tanji, F., & Nabekura, Y. (2019) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08828-x · Cited by 5
Vangsgaard, D., Noumi, M., Hayden, K. A., & Doyle-Baker, P. K. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14081080
Metadata
- Authors
- Fletcher, J. R., Esau, S. P., & MacIntosh, B. R.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1918-1922
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2147521639
- Cited by
- 299
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 4.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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