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Cited by 935Cardiovascular and exercise physiologySports Performance and TrainingMuscle metabolism and nutrition

The Effect of Endurance Training on Parameters of Aerobic Fitness

Jones, Andrew M., Carter, Helen·2000·Sports Medicine
DOI 10.2165/00007256-200029060-00001
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Abstract

Endurance exercise training results in profound adaptations of the cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular systems that enhance the delivery of oxygen from the atmosphere to the mitochondria and enable a tighter regulation of muscle metabolism. These adaptations effect an improvement in endurance performance that is manifest as a rightward shift in the 'velocity-time curve'. This shift enables athletes to exercise for longer at a given absolute exercise intensity, or to exercise at a higher exercise intensity for a given duration. There are 4 key parameters of aerobic fitness that affect the nature of the velocity-time curve that can be measured in the human athlete. These are the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), exercise economy, the lactate/ventilatory threshold and oxygen uptake kinetics. Other parameters that may help determine endurance performance, and that are related to the other 4 parameters, are the velocity at VO2max (V-VO2max) and the maximal lactate steady state or critical power. This review considers the effect of endurance training on the key parameters of aerobic (endurance) fitness and attempts to relate these changes to the adaptations seen in the body's physiological systems with training. The importance of improvements in the aerobic fitness parameters to the enhancement of endurance performance is highlighted, as are the training methods that may be considered optimal for facilitating such improvements.

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  • Endurance exercise performance is a function of maximal oxygen uptake, the fractional utilization of maximal oxygen uptake, and exercise efficiency.

    “It is well established that endurance exercise performance is a function of , the fractional utilization of , and exercise efficiency [37, 38].”

    From Dietary Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance (2014) · cites this paper as [38]

  • Assuming other factors remain unchanged, an improvement in muscle efficiency would enable a greater work output for the same energy cost and translate into improved exercise performance.

    “Assuming that the other factors remain unchanged, an improvement in muscle efficiency would be expected to enable a greater work output for the same energy cost and translate into improved exercise performance [37, 38].”

    From Dietary Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance (2014) · cites this paper as [38]

  • Physical activity is characterized by both movement and the associated cardiovascular response to movement.

    “In particular, physical activity is characterized by both movement and the associated cardiovascular response to movement (e.g. heart rate increases after exercise and the dynamics of this increase are dictated by fitness levels [132]); thus, leveraging these two signals concurrently likely produces better representations than either signal taken in isolation.”

    From Human-centred artificial intelligence for mobile health sensing: challenges and opportunities (2023) · cites this paper as [132]

  • The dynamics of heart rate increase after exercise are dictated by fitness levels.

    “the dynamics of this increase are dictated by fitness levels [132]”

    From Human-centred artificial intelligence for mobile health sensing: challenges and opportunities (2023) · cites this paper as [132]

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Authors
Jones, A. M., & Carter, H.
Affiliations
  • Manchester Metropolitan University (GB)
  • University of Surrey (GB)
Corresponding author
Jones, Andrew M.
ORCID
Venue
Sports Medicine
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2000
Volume
29
Issue
6
Pages
373-386
ISSN
0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.2165/00007256-200029060-00001
OpenAlex
W2144427278
Cited by
935
References
168
Citations by year
2026: 45 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 34
FWCI
1.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords
endurance training, cardiorespiratory fitness, VO2max, exercise economy, lactate threshold, ventilatory threshold, oxygen uptake kinetics, velocity-time curve, critical power, maximal lactate steady state, endurance performance, cardiorespiratory adaptation, muscle metabolism
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Physiological, Bicycling, Heart Rate, Humans, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Physical Fitness, Running, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Lactic Acid

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