Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 499

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 89 of the 89 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Contralateral effects of unilateral strength training: evidence and possible mechanisms

Carroll, Timothy J., Herbert, Robert D., Munn, Joanne, Lee, Michael, Gandevia, Simon C.·2006·Journal of Applied Physiology
DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00531.2006
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

If exercises are performed to increase muscle strength on one side of the body, voluntary strength can increase on the contralateral side. This effect, termed the contralateral strength training effect, is usually measured in homologous muscles. Although known for over a century, most studies have not been designed well enough to show a definitive transfer of strength that could not be explained by factors such as familiarity with the testing. However, an updated meta-analysis of 16 properly controlled studies (range 15–48 training sessions) shows that the size of the contralateral strength training effect is ∼8% of initial strength or about half the increase in strength of the trained side. This estimate is similar to results of a large, randomized controlled study of training for the elbow flexors (contralateral effect of 7% initial strength or one-quarter of the effect on the trained side). This is likely to reflect increased motoneuron output rather than muscular adaptations, although most methods are insufficiently sensitive to detect small muscle contributions. Two classes of central mechanism are identified. One involves a “spillover” to the control system for the contralateral limb, and the other involves adaptations in the control system for the trained limb that can be accessed by the untrained limb. Cortical, subcortical and spinal levels are all likely to be involved in the “transfer,” and none can be excluded with current data. Although the size of the effect is small and may not be clinically significant, study of the phenomenon provides insight into neural mechanisms associated with exercise and training.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1152/japplphysiol.00531.2006

Cites

89 of 89 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 7

  1. 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.024463 · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2002.024463 · Paper page
  2. 10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018662 · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018662
  3. 10.1093/ptj/61.6.898 · doi:10.1093/ptj/61.6.898
  4. Evetovich TK, Housh TJ, Housh DJ, Johnson GO, Smith DB, and Ebersole KT. The effect of concentric isokinetic strength training of the quadriceps femoris on electromyography and muscle strength in the trained and untrained limb. J Strength Condition Res 15: 439–445, 2001. · DOI
  5. 10.1097/00001756-200305060-00012 · doi:10.1097/00001756-200305060-00012
  6. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-22-08041.2003 · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-22-08041.2003
  7. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4598(199808)21:8<1033::AID-MUS7>3.0.CO;2-9 · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(199808)21:8<1033::aid-mus7>3.0.co;2-9

Cited by

See all 499

Metadata

Authors
Carroll, T. J., Herbert, R. D., Munn, J., Lee, M., & Gandevia, S. C.
Venue
Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
2006-11
Volume
101
Issue
5
Pages
1514-1522
ISSN
  • 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
  • 8750-7587
  • 1522-1601
DOI
10.1152/japplphysiol.00531.2006
OpenAlex
W2140107403
Cited by
499
References
89
FWCI
8.62
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.