The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Recovery of the immune system after exercise
Abstract
The notion that prolonged, intense exercise causes an “open window” of immunodepression during recovery after exercise is well accepted. Repeated exercise bouts or intensified training without sufficient recovery may increase the risk of illness. However, except for salivary IgA, clear and consistent markers of this immunodepression remain elusive. Exercise increases circulating neutrophil and monocyte counts and reduces circulating lymphocyte count during recovery. This lymphopenia results from preferential egress of lymphocyte subtypes with potent effector functions [e.g., natural killer (NK) cells, γδ T cells, and CD8+T cells]. These lymphocytes most likely translocate to peripheral sites of potential antigen encounter (e.g., lungs and gut). This redeployment of effector lymphocytes is an integral part of the physiological stress response to exercise. Current knowledge about changes in immune function during recovery from exercise is derived from assessment at the cell population level of isolated cells ex vivo or in blood. This assessment can be biased by large changes in the distribution of immune cells between blood and peripheral tissues during and after exercise. Some evidence suggests that reduced immune cell function in vitro may coincide with changes in vivo and rates of illness after exercise, but more work is required to substantiate this notion. Among the various nutritional strategies and physical therapies that athletes use to recover from exercise, carbohydrate supplementation is the most effective for minimizing immune disturbances during exercise recovery. Sleep is an important aspect of recovery, but more research is needed to determine how sleep disruption influences the immune system of athletes.
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“In general, nutritional supplements seem to promote athletes’ health and some are used to enhance performance either via fuel substrate utilization or by supporting the immune system [16,17].”
From Energy Expenditure, Dietary Energy Intake, and Nutritional Supplements in Adolescent Volleyball Athletes versus Nonathletic Controls (2023) · cites this paper as [17]
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Cites
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Irwin, M. R. (2015) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115205 · Cited by 1,325 · cited 2×
“Subtle immune changes have been observed after a night without sleep, including a shift toward a T helper 2 cytokine profile (46).”
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“Depending on the time needed to recover from NFOR, an athlete may be diagnosed (retrospectively) as experiencing “overtraining syndrome” (64).”
BackgroundMethodSleep habits and susceptibility to the common cold
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Sleep and Antibody Response to Hepatitis B Vaccination
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Sleep after Vaccination Boosts Immunological Memory
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Quercetin Reduces Illness but Not Immune Perturbations after Intensive Exercise
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BackgroundMethodInfluentialVitamin E and immunity after the Kona triathlon world championship
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Carbohydrate Availability and Training Adaptation: Effects on Cell Metabolism
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Cumulative effects of consecutive running sessions on hemolysis, inflammation and hepcidin activity
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Cited by
The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system
Nieman, D. C., & Wentz, L. M. (2019) · Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2018.09.009 · Cited by 1,340
IOC Consensus Statement: Dietary Supplements and the High-performance Athlete
Maughan, R. J., Burke, L. M., Dvorak, J., Larson-Meyer, D. E., Peeling, P., Phillips, S. M., Rawson, E. S., Walsh, N. P., Garthe, I., Geyer, H., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099027 · Cited by 1,004
Self-citationIOC Consensus Statement: Dietary Supplements and the High-Performance Athlete
Maughan, R. J., Burke, L. M., Dvorak, J., Larson-Meyer, D. E., Peeling, P., Phillips, S. M., Rawson, E. S., Walsh, N. P., Garthe, I., Geyer, H., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0020 · Cited by 540
Self-citationRecommendations to maintain immune health in athletes
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Self-citationExercise as adjunct therapy in cancer
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Metadata
- Authors
- Peake, J. M., Neubauer, O., Walsh, N. P., & Simpson, R. J.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2017-05-01
- Volume
- 122
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1077-1087
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2557841389
- Cited by
- 390
- References
- 12
- FWCI
- 16.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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