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Polytrodes: High-Density Silicon Electrode Arrays for Large-Scale Multiunit Recording
Abstract
We developed a variety of 54-channel high-density silicon electrode arrays (polytrodes) designed to record from large numbers of neurons spanning millimeters of brain. In cat visual cortex, it was possible to make simultaneous recordings from >100 well-isolated neurons. Using standard clustering methods, polytrodes provide a quality of single-unit isolation that surpasses that attainable with tetrodes. Guidelines for successful in vivo recording and precise electrode positioning are described. We also describe a high-bandwidth continuous data-acquisition system designed specifically for polytrodes and an automated impedance meter for testing polytrode site integrity. Despite having smaller interconnect pitches than earlier silicon-based electrodes of this type, these polytrodes have negligible channel crosstalk, comparable reliability, and low site impedances and are capable of making high-fidelity multiunit recordings with minimal tissue damage. The relatively benign nature of planar electrode arrays is evident both histologically and in experiments where the polytrode was repeatedly advanced and retracted hundreds of microns over periods of many hours. It was possible to maintain stable recordings from active neurons adjacent to the polytrode without change in their absolute positions, neurophysiological or receptive field properties.
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“However, neural tissues are normally three-dimensional (3D) structures, and 2D neural probes are limited to recording signals from only planar brain regions4,5.”
From A flexible three-dimensional electrode mesh: An enabling technology for wireless brain–computer interface prostheses (2016) · cites this paper as [5]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Blanche, T. J., Spacek, M. A., Hetke, J. F., & Swindale, N. V.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Venue
- Journal of Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2005-05
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2987-3000
- ISSN
- 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1598
- OpenAlex
- W2141361751
- Cited by
- 282
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p41rr009754-09)
- National Center for Research Resources (P41-RR09754)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
- Keywords
- multi-unit recording, cat visual cortex, electrode placement, impedance measurement, crosstalk, planar electrodes, tetrodes, receptive fields
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Brain Mapping, Carbocyanines, Cats, Computer Simulation, Densitometry, Electric Conductivity, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Implanted, Electrophysiology, Evoked Potentials, Microelectrodes, Neurons, Online Systems, Research Design, Silicon, Time, Visual Cortex, Electric Impedance, Rats
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