Organization of orosensory responses in the nucleus of the solitary tract of rat
Abstract
1. The receptive field and topographic organization of single orosensory neurons located throughout the rostral division of the nucleus of the solitary tract (rNST) was studied by determining their responsiveness to gustatory stimulation of the entire oral cavity and to gustatory and mechanical stimulation of restricted oral regions. The rNST contained roughly equal numbers of two distinct populations of orosensory neurons, one responsive exclusively to oral mechanical stimulation (M neurons), the other to gustatory stimulation (G neurons). Some G neurons also responded to oral somatosensory stimuli, but usually less vigorously than to gustatory stimuli. The distribution of these two populations of rNST neurons was topographically organized: G neurons were centered anteriorly and medially to M neurons. 2. Eight of 44 G neurons responded only when the whole oral cavity was stimulated, but the remaining 36 cells responded to circumscribed stimulation of taste buds on the anterior tongue (AT), foliate papillae of the posterior tongue, nasoincisor ducts, retromolar mucosa (RM), or soft palate (SP). Overall, AT and SP stimulation were the most effective, and RM stimulation the least effective, for activating nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) G neurons. 3. Approximately half of the G neurons for which a receptive field could be defined (N = 36) responded to stimulation of a single taste receptor subpopulation, but the remaining neurons received convergent input from two or more taste bud groups. The receptive field configurations for convergent G neurons were orderly: convergence occurred preferentially between receptor subpopulations either within the anterior oral cavity (AO) or the posterior oral cavity (PO). An AO-PO distinction also was reflected in the topographic organization of gustatory responses. The mean location of neurons responding optimally to AO gustatory stimulation was more anterior in the NST, and also tended to be more lateral and ventral than the location of neurons that responded optimally to PO stimulation. 4. Forty-four rNST M neurons responded to innocuous mechanical stimulation of restricted areas of the tongue, palate, buccal mucosa, or periodontium. Stimulation of the hard palate and circumvallate papilla were most effective, whereas periodontal stimulation was least effective for activating these cells. 5. A majority (32 of 44) of rNST M neurons responded to stimulation of more than one of the oral sites tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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In mammals, the caudal brainstem is the equivalent of the subesophageal ganglion, where direct sensory feedback from the tongue and the gut are integrated into basic motor patterns of ingestion.
“In mammals, the caudal brainstem is the equivalent of the subesophageal ganglion, where direct sensory feedback from the tongue and the gut are integrated into basic motor patterns of ingestion ([166](#B166), [179](#B179)).”
From Food reward, hyperphagia, and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [179]
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“To enhance access to the foliate papillae, sutures were placed around the lower jaw, in the anterior tongue, just rostral to the ipsilateral foliate papillae, and through the right cheek (Halsell et al., 1993; Travers and Norgren, 1995; Halsell and Travers, 1997), and were retracted to allow clear access to foliate pa…”
Corson, J. A., & Erişir, A. (2013) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.23357 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“…tract (presumably CT and IX, respectively) innervation of rNTS neurons (Grabauskas and Bradley, 1996) and a minor and restricted convergence of anterior and posterior tongue (also presumably CT and IX, respectively) activation of rNTS neurons (Travers et al., 1986; Travers and Norgren, 1995).”
BackgroundBreza, J. M., & Travers, S. P. (2016) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/bjw055 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationAfferent subcortical connections into the motor cortical larynx area in the rhesus monkey
Simonyan, K., & Jürgens, U. (2004) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.06.071 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Hermann, G. E., Travagli, R. A., & Rogers, R. C. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00717.2005 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“These NTS neurons project to virtually all parts of the DMV, the nucleus ambiguus, and other subdivisions of the NTS, as well as subjacent areas involved in control of the oral cavity and pharynx such as the reticular formation and the area postrema (55, 56).”
BackgroundNeuronal networks involved in the generation of vocalization
Hage, S. R. (2010) · Handbook of behavioral neuroscience · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374593-4.00032-2 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Taste Reactivity and Fos Expression in GAD1-EGFP Transgenic Mice
Travers, J., Herman, K., Yoo, J., & Travers, S. (2006) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/bjl038 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationDanilova, V., & Hellekant, G. (2002) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/s0741-8329(01)00178-1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Neurons with diverse phenotypes project from the caudal to the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract
Travers, S. P., Breza, J. M., Harley, J., Zhu, J., & Travers, J. (2018) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.24501 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationThe third dimension of flavor: A chemesthetic approach to healthier eating (a review)
Spencer, M., & Dalton, P. (2019) · Journal of Sensory Studies · doi:10.1111/joss.12551 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
An alternative pathway for sweet sensation: possible mechanisms and physiological relevance
von Molitor, E., Riedel, K., Krohn, M., Rudolf, R., Hafner, M., & Cesetti, T. (2020) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-020-02467-1 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Each taste nerve has spatially distinct receptive fields and different sensitivities to certain stimuli, thus reflecting diverse transduction pathways via neural coding and mediating different behaviors [324].”
BackgroundThomas‐Danguin, T., Sinding, C., Tournier, C., & Saint‐Eve, A. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100295-7.00006-2 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Cortical Hub for Flavor Sensation in Rodents
Samuelsen, C. L., & Vincis, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2021.772286 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Additionally, gustatory and somatosensory signals appear to interact at different subcortical areas along the taste pathway (Beidler, 1954; Nagaki et al., 1964; Sato, 1967; Ogawa et al., 1988; Travers and Norgren, 1995; Verhagen et al., 2003; Breza et al., 2006; Wilson and Lemon, 2013; Li and Lemon, 2019).”
BackgroundHayakawa, T., Kuwahara, S., Maeda, S., et al. (2009) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2009.12.003 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Salivary Peptide Tyrosine–Tyrosine 3–36 Modulates Ingestive Behavior without Inducing Taste Aversion
Hurtado, M. D., Sergeyev, V., Acosta, A. J., Spegele, M., Sala, M. S. L., Waler, N. J., Chiriboga-Hurtado, J., Currlin, S., Herzog, H., Dotson, C. D., et al. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1064-13.2013 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“The NST has two major functional divisions: (1) an anterior– lateral oral– gustatory half [hereafter referred to as “rostral” NST (rNST)]; and (2) a posterior–medial visceral afferent half [“caudal” NST (cNST)] (Hamilton and Norgren, 1984; Travers and Norgren, 1995).”
BackgroundInfluentialSeparate functions for responses to oral temperature in thermo-gustatory and trigeminal neurons
Lemon, C. H., Kang, Y., & Li, J. (2016) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/bjw022 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“1963; Travers and Norgren 1995), with some reports documenting the majority of gustatory neurons in the NTS responded to oral thermal stimulation (Makous et al.”
BackgroundSammons, J. D., Weiss, M., Victor, J. D., et al. (2016) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.01119.2015 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“1982) and NTS (Halsell et al. 1993; Travers and Norgren 1995) neurons respond to tactile and olfactory (Di Lorenzo and Garcia 1985) stimuli in addition to taste.”
BackgroundInfluentialLemon, C. H., & Lorenzo, P. M. D. (2002) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00094.2002 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Dental Afferents Project onto Gustatory Neurons in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
Braud, A., Vandenbeuch, A., Zerari-Mailly, F., et al. (2011) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034511429569 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“For the present analyses, the NST was divided into 3 rostrocaudal levels: rostral, intermediate, and caudal, further subdivided in the transverse plane according to anatomical and functional classification (Herbert et al., 1990; Travers and Norgren, 1995; King, 2007).”
BackgroundMethod
- Authors
- Travers, S. P., & Norgren, R.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- ORCID
- Travers, S. P.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1995-06-01
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2144-2162
- ISSN
- 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1598
- OpenAlex
- W1748514475
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 8.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (7r01dc000415-03)
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (DC00416, DC-00415)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Ion Channels and Receptors
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Keywords
- nucleus tractus solitarius, gustatory neurons, receptive field organization, topographic organization, tongue, soft palate, circumvallate papillae, single-unit recording
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Male, Mouth, Neurons, Sensory Receptor Cells, Stimulation, Chemical, Sucrose, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Solitary Nucleus, Rats
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