The Functions of PPARs in Aging and Longevity
Open accessAbstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are key regulators in various age-associated pathophysiological processes related to energy metabolism and oxidative stress. A progressive rise of oxidative stress and related inflammatory reaction appears the hallmarks of the aging process and many age-related diseases. PPARs are important redox-sensitive transcription factors and their dyregulated activations seem to be major culprits for these pathological processes. Drugs targeting PPARs activity are already in widespread clinical use; however, based on these concepts, this review highlights the understanding of the role of PPARs in aging and indicates the necessary particular attention for the potential therapeutic uses of current PPAR agonists in age-associated diseases.
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PPAR-γ, expressed in adipose tissue, enhances insulin sensitivity.
“as PPAR-γ, expressed in adipose tissue, enhances insulin sensitivity, while PPAR-δ, predominantly found in skeletal muscle, supports oxidative metabolism and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis”
From Exercise-Induced Muscle–Fat Crosstalk: Molecular Mediators and Their Pharmacological Modulation for the Maintenance of Metabolic Flexibility in Aging (2025) · cites this paper as [114]
Section 6 says PPARγ is expressed primarily in adipose tissue. Section 7 says partial or minimal PPARγ activation may improve insulin sensitivity, but also reports greater insulin sensitivity in aged mice with partial PPARγ deficiency. The unqualified claim that PPARγ enhances insulin sensitivity overstates this more conditional account; page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBoth PPAR-γ and PPAR-δ activation may prove beneficial in maintaining metabolic flexibility during aging.
“Both PPAR-γ and PPAR-δ activation may prove beneficial in maintaining metabolic flexibility during aging”
From Exercise-Induced Muscle–Fat Crosstalk: Molecular Mediators and Their Pharmacological Modulation for the Maintenance of Metabolic Flexibility in Aging (2025) · cites this paper as [114]
Section 6 (page unavailable) suggests that PPAR-β/δ agonists may be useful for age-related metabolic problems. Section 7 (page unavailable) says partial or minimal PPAR-γ activation may improve insulin sensitivity in older people, but the Conclusions favor modulating or inhibiting PPAR-γ in the elderly rather than activating it generally. The claim omits that qualification, and the paper does not specifically describe the benefit as maintaining metabolic flexibility. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPPAR-δ, predominantly found in skeletal muscle, supports oxidative metabolism and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis.
“as PPAR-γ, expressed in adipose tissue, enhances insulin sensitivity, while PPAR-δ, predominantly found in skeletal muscle, supports oxidative metabolism and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis”
From Exercise-Induced Muscle–Fat Crosstalk: Molecular Mediators and Their Pharmacological Modulation for the Maintenance of Metabolic Flexibility in Aging (2025) · cites this paper as [114]
Section 6, “PPARs and Fuel Metabolism” (page not provided), says PPARβ/δ is abundant in skeletal muscle and links it to oxidative muscle fibres and increased fatty-acid burning capacity. The passage does not say that PPARβ/δ promotes mitochondrial biogenesis. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is still the leading biomarker of the metabolic and aging related disorders
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Self-citation
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Resveratrol, an Nrf2 activator, ameliorates aging-related progressive renal injury
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Species comparison of liver proteomes reveals links to naked mole-rat longevity and human aging
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“…and PPAR-δ activation may prove beneficial in maintaining metabolic flexibility during aging, as PPAR-γ , expressed in adipose tissue, enhances insulin sensitivity, while PPAR-δ , predominantly found in skeletal muscle, supports oxidative metabolism and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis [113,114].”
- Authors
- Erol, A.
- Affiliations
- Manisa Celal Bayar University (TR)
- Corresponding author
- Erol, Adnan
- ORCID
- Erol, Adnan
- Venue
- PPAR Research
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 2007
- Pages
- 1-10
- ISSN
- 1687-4757 (ISSN-L)
- 1687-4765
- PMC
- PMC2254525
- OpenAlex
- W2099290136
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PPAR Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Paraoxonase enzyme and polymorphisms
- Keywords
- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, aging, longevity, oxidative stress, inflammation, energy metabolism, PPAR agonists, age-related diseases, redox-sensitive transcription factors
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