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Cited by 1,773Bone Tissue Engineering MaterialsTissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineHydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications

Polymeric Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering Application: A Review

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Dhandayuthapani, Brahatheeswaran, Yoshida, Yasuhiko, Maekawa, Toru, Kumar, D. Sakthi·2011·International Journal of Polymer Science
DOI 10.1155/2011/290602
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Abstract

Current strategies of regenerative medicine are focused on the restoration of pathologically altered tissue architectures by transplantation of cells in combination with supportive scaffolds and biomolecules. In recent years, considerable interest has been given to biologically active scaffolds which are based on similar analogs of the extracellular matrix that have induced synthesis of tissues and organs. To restore function or regenerate tissue, a scaffold is necessary that will act as a temporary matrix for cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition, with subsequent ingrowth until the tissues are totally restored or regenerated. Scaffolds have been used for tissue engineering such as bone, cartilage, ligament, skin, vascular tissues, neural tissues, and skeletal muscle and as vehicle for the controlled delivery of drugs, proteins, and DNA. Various technologies come together to construct porous scaffolds to regenerate the tissues/organs and also for controlled and targeted release of bioactive agents in tissue engineering applications. In this paper, an overview of the different types of scaffolds with their material properties is discussed. The fabrication technologies for tissue engineering scaffolds, including the basic and conventional techniques to the more recent ones, are tabulated.

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  • Scaffolds solely composed of polymers often exhibit inadequate mechanical properties, particularly in terms of mechanical strength, Young's modulus, and toughness.

    “Scaffolds solely composed of polymers often exhibit inadequate mechanical properties, particularly in terms of mechanical strength, Young’s modulus, and toughness.”

    From Resorbable Biomaterials Used for 3D Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [184]

    Section 8, “Polymer-Bioceramic Composite Scaffold” (page unavailable), says polymers by themselves generally lack mechanical strength and stiffness, supporting the claim about strength and Young’s modulus. The passage does not say that polymer-only scaffolds lack toughness. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Another challenge is their low bioactivity, which can be addressed by incorporating ceramic materials such as hydroxyapatite (HAp), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), or bioactive glasses.

    “Another challenge is their low bioactivity, which can be addressed by incorporating ceramic materials such as hydroxyapatite (HAp), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), or bioactive glasses.”

    From Resorbable Biomaterials Used for 3D Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [184]

    The “Polymers for Scaffolds” section identifies HAP, TCP, and bioactive glasses as bioactive ceramics and describes combining degradable polymers with inorganic bioactive particles. Section 8 reports high bioactivity for a PLGA/HAP composite scaffold. The copy does not establish that the polymers themselves have low bioactivity, so it supports the proposed composite approach but not the stated challenge. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The combination of flexible polymers with bioceramics promotes tissue regeneration.

    “The combination of flexible polymers with bioceramics promotes tissue regeneration [184].”

    From Resorbable Biomaterials Used for 3D Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [184]

  • These ceramics interact with physiological fluids and form strong bonds to hard tissues, and in some cases, soft tissues, through cellular activity.

    “These ceramics interact with physiological fluids and form strong bonds to hard tissues, and in some cases, soft tissues, through cellular activity.”

    From Resorbable Biomaterials Used for 3D Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [184]

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Authors
Dhandayuthapani, B., Yoshida, Y., Maekawa, T., & Kumar, D. S.
Affiliations
Toyo University (JP)
Corresponding author
Kumar, D. Sakthi
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Polymer Science
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2011
Volume
2011
Pages
1-19
ISSN
  • 1687-9422 (ISSN-L)
  • 1687-9430
DOI
10.1155/2011/290602
OpenAlex
W2149757979
Cited by
1,773
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 42 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 107 · 2023: 142 · 2022: 170 · 2021: 197 · 2020: 182 · 2019: 182 · 2018: 156 · 2017: 166 · 2016: 137 · 2015: 94 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 9
FWCI
20.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Polymer Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
Keywords
polymer scaffolds, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, porous scaffolds, controlled drug delivery, tissue regeneration, bone regeneration, cartilage regeneration, neural tissue engineering, skeletal muscle regeneration, skin regeneration, vascular tissue regeneration, ligament regeneration

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