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Cited by 52Body Composition Measurement TechniquesObesity, Physical Activity, DietHuman Health and Disease

A PRISMA-driven systematic review of predictive equations for assessing fat and fat-free mass in healthy children and adolescents using multicomponent molecular models as the reference method.

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Silva, Analiza M., Fields, David A., Sardinha, Luís B.·2013·Journal of Obesity
DOI 10.1155/2013/148696PMC PMC3703366
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Abstract

Simple methods to assess both fat (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) are required in paediatric populations. Several bioelectrical impedance instruments (BIAs) and anthropometric equations have been developed using different criterion methods (multicomponent models) for assessing FM and FFM. Through childhood, FFM density increases while FFM hydration decreases until reaching adult values. Therefore, multicomponent models should be used as the gold standard method for developing simple techniques because two-compartment models (2C model) rely on the assumed adult values of FFM density and hydration (1.1 g/cm(3) and 73.2%, respectively). This study will review BIA and/or anthropometric-based equations for assessing body composition in paediatric populations. We reviewed English language articles from MEDLINE (1985-2012) with the selection of predictive equations developed for assessing FM and FFM using three-compartment (3C) and 4C models as criterion. Search terms included children, adolescent, childhood, adolescence, 4C model, 3C model, multicomponent model, equation, prediction, DXA, BIA, resistance, anthropometry, skinfold, FM, and FFM. A total of 14 studies (33 equations) were selected with the majority developed using DXA as the criterion method with a limited number of studies providing cross-validation results. Overall, the selected equations are useful for epidemiological studies, but some concerns still arise on an individual basis.

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  • There is a lack of predictive equations for FFM in Brazilian adolescents developed using DXA as a reference technique.

    “Observing the lack of predictive equations for FFM in Brazilian adolescents, developed using DXA as a reference technique, this study aimed at developing and cross-validating an equation in a sample of Brazilian adolescents of both sexes, in addition to testing the validity of equations developed in other countries, used frequently in our country.”

    From Development and Cross-Validation of a Predictive Equation for Fat-Free Mass in Brazilian Adolescents by Bioelectrical Impedance (2022) · cites this paper as [7]

    The Results and Discussion identify DXA-referenced FFM equations but do not identify one developed for Brazilian adolescents. The reviewed references include an equation for fat mass in Brazilian children, not FFM. This supports a gap in the studies the review examined, but not an unqualified claim that no such equation existed. (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The use of predictive equations that have been developed and cross-validated in groups with similar characteristics to the subjects to be evaluated can reduce discrepancies among studies.

    “The use of predictive equations that have been developed and cross-validated in groups with similar characteristics to those of the subjects that we intend to evaluate can reduce discrepancies among studies (7, 20, 47).”

    From Development and Cross-Validation of a Predictive Equation for Fat-Free Mass in Brazilian Adolescents by Bioelectrical Impedance (2022) · cites this paper as [7]

    The Introduction (§1.3; page unavailable) describes cross-validation in another sample from the same population, and the Discussion (§4; page unavailable) says it tests whether an equation is accurate despite sample-specific variation. These passages support using cross-validated equations for similar subjects, but they do not say this reduces discrepancies among studies. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In the systematic review, most equations were developed using DXA as a reference method, but a limited number of studies provided cross-validation results.

    “Similar to this study, most of the equations were developed using DXA as a reference method, but a limited number of studies provided cross-validation results.”

    From Development and Cross-Validation of a Predictive Equation for Fat-Free Mass in Brazilian Adolescents by Bioelectrical Impedance (2022) · cites this paper as [7]

  • In the systematic review, of 33 equations analyzed, only seven were cross-validated, two studies examined the PE in the FFM estimate, none examined the CCC, and agreement between methods was included in only three studies.

    “The authors of the systematic review identified that, of the 33 equations analyzed, only seven were cross-validated, two studies examined the PE in the FFM estimate, and none of the studies examined the CCC, while the agreement between the methods was included only in three studies.”

    From Development and Cross-Validation of a Predictive Equation for Fat-Free Mass in Brazilian Adolescents by Bioelectrical Impedance (2022) · cites this paper as [7]

  • A systematic review by Silva et al. identified predictive equations for assessing FM and FFM in healthy children and adolescents using multicomponent molecular models as the reference method.

    “A systematic review was carried out by Silva et al. (7) to identify predictive equations for assessing FM and FFM in healthy children and adolescents using the multicomponent molecular models as a reference method.”

    From Development and Cross-Validation of a Predictive Equation for Fat-Free Mass in Brazilian Adolescents by Bioelectrical Impedance (2022) · cites this paper as [7]

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Authors
Silva, A. M., Fields, D. A., & Sardinha, L. B.
Affiliations
  • Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana (PT)
  • University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (US)
Corresponding author
Silva, Analiza M.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Obesity
Publisher
Hindawi Limited
Published
2013
Volume
2013
Pages
1-14
ISSN
  • 2090-0708 (ISSN-L)
  • 2090-0716
DOI
10.1155/2013/148696
PMC
PMC3703366
OpenAlex
W2094256525
Cited by
52
References
68
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5
FWCI
0.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (PTDC/DES/098963/2008)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Human Health and Disease
Keywords
body composition, fat mass, fat-free mass, children, adolescents, prediction equations, bioimpedance, anthropometric equations, multicomponent model, three-compartment model, four-compartment model, skinfold thickness, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, cross-validation
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Age Factors, Body Composition, Body Water, Child, Child Development, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Biological, Predictive Value of Tests, Reference Values, Sex Factors, Skinfold Thickness, Reproducibility of Results, Models, Statistical, Absorptiometry, Photon, Electric Impedance, Biomedical Research, Adolescent Development, Adiposity, Pediatric Obesity

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