Cited by 41AI in cancer detectionArtificial Intelligence in Healthcare and EducationRadiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Cancer Diagnostics: Enhancing Radiology and Pathology through Reproducibility, Explainability, and Multimodality

Khosravi, Pegah, Fuchs, Thomas J., Ho, David Joon·2025·Cancer Research

Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in cancer research has significantly advanced radiology, pathology, and multimodal approaches, offering unprecedented capabilities in image analysis, diagnosis, and treatment planning. AI techniques provide standardized assistance to clinicians, in which many diagnostic and predictive tasks are manually conducted, causing low reproducibility. These AI methods can additionally provide explainability to help clinicians make the best decisions for patient care. This review explores state-of-the-art AI methods, focusing on their application in image classification, image segmentation, multiple instance learning, generative models, and self-supervised learning. In radiology, AI enhances tumor detection, diagnosis, and treatment planning through advanced imaging modalities and real-time applications. In pathology, AI-driven image analysis improves cancer detection, biomarker discovery, and diagnostic consistency. Multimodal AI approaches can integrate data from radiology, pathology, and genomics to provide comprehensive diagnostic insights. Emerging trends, challenges, and future directions in AI-driven cancer research are discussed, emphasizing the transformative potential of these technologies in improving patient outcomes and advancing cancer care. This article is part of a special series: Driving Cancer Discoveries with Computational Research, Data Science, and Machine Learning/AI.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-3630

Cites

132 of 132 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Multimodal deep learning integrates histopathology, radiology, genomics, and clinical records to create unified patient-level representations.

    “The most active line of work is multimodal deep learning (MDL), which integrates histopathology (“pathomics”), radiology (“radiomics”), genomics, and clinical records to create unified patient-level representations [70,71,72] (Figure 4).”

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Authors
Khosravi, P., Fuchs, T. J., & Ho, D. J.
Affiliations
  • The Graduate Center, CUNY (US)
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
  • National Cancer Center (KR)
Corresponding author
Khosravi, Pegah
Venue
Cancer Research
Published
2025-07-02
Volume
85
Issue
13
Pages
2356-2367
ISSN
  • 0008-5472 (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-7445
OpenAlex
W4411920326
Cited by
41
References
132
Citations by year
2026: 31 · 2025: 10
FWCI
3.91
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Cancer Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Center (NCC-24H1730-1)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › AI in cancer detection
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
Keywords
radiology, digital pathology, multimodal AI, reproducibility, explainability, tumor detection, image segmentation, image classification, multiple instance learning, generative models, self-supervised learning, biomarker discovery, treatment planning, genomic data integration
MeSH terms
Artificial Intelligence, Humans, Neoplasms, Radiology, Reproducibility of Results, Multimodal Imaging

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