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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Targeting of Microscopic Tumors and Tumor Stroma Development Monitored by Noninvasive In vivo Positron Emission Tomography Imaging
Open accessAbstract
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) for targeting microscopic tumors and suicide gene or cytokine gene therapy. Immunodeficient mice were transplanted s.c. with human colon cancer cells of HT-29 Inv2 or CCS line, and 3 to 4 days later, i.v. with “tracer” hMSCs expressing herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-TK) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter genes. Subsequently, these tumors were examined for specificity and magnitude of HSV1-TK+, EGFP+ stem cell engraftment and proliferation in tumor stroma by in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-labeled 9-(4-fluoro-3-hydroxymethylbutyl)-guanine ([18F]-FHBG). In vivo PET images of tumors growing for 4 weeks showed the presence of HSV1-TK+ tumor stroma with an average of 0.36 ± 0.24% ID/g [18F]-FHBG accumulation. In vivo imaging results were validated by in situ correlative histochemical, immunofluorescent, and cytometric analyses, which revealed EGFP expression in vWF+ and CD31+ endothelial cells of capillaries and larger blood vessels, in germinal layer of dermis and hair follicles proximal to the s.c. tumor site. These differentiated HSV1-TK+, GFP+ endothelial cells had limited proliferative capacity and a short life span of <2 weeks in tumor fragments transplanted into secondary hosts. We conclude that hMSCs can target microscopic tumors, subsequently proliferate and differentiate, and contribute to formation of a significant portion of tumor stroma. PET imaging should facilitate clinical translation of stem cell–based anticancer gene therapeutic approaches by providing the means for in vivo noninvasive whole-body monitoring of trafficking, tumor targeting, and proliferation of HSV1-tk-expressing “tracer” hMSCs in tumor stroma.
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“MSC can be mobilized and recruited to active tumor sites, where they can incorporate into the tumor’s microenvironment [5, 68, 100–103].”
From Mesenchymal stem cell secretome and regenerative therapy after cancer (2013) · cites this paper as [103]
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Mesenchymal stem cells enhance lung cancer initiation through activation of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway
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Self-citationGenetic modification of stem cells for transplantation
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“administered hMSCs have also been demonstrated in some subcutaneous tumor models (Studeny et al., 2002; Hung et al., 2005).”
BackgroundFOXF1 mediates mesenchymal stem cell fusion-induced reprogramming of lung cancer cells
Wei, H.-J., Nickoloff, J. A., Chen, W.-H., Liu, H., Lo, W., Chang, Y.-T., Yang, P., Wu, C., Williams, D. F., Gelovani, J. G., et al. (2014) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.2413 · Cited by 87
“We previously demonstrated that MSCs can migrate to and engraft into microscopic tumor lesions [14].”
BackgroundSelf-citationHonoki, K. (2011) · International Journal of Oncology · doi:10.3892/ijo.2011.1220 · Cited by 90
Signaling pathways in the regulation of cancer stem cells and associated targeted therapy
Wang, M., & Wu, M. (2022) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.176 · Cited by 96
Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cancer
Stagg, J. (2008) · Stem Cell Reviews and Reports · doi:10.1007/s12015-008-9030-4 · Cited by 95
Knoop, K., Kolokythas, M., Klutz, K., Willhauck, M. J., Wunderlich, N., Draganovici, D., Zach, C., Gildehaus, F., Böning, G., Göke, B., et al. (2011) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2011.93 · Cited by 88
Mesenchymal stem cells: A new platform for targeting suicide genes in cancer
Tehrani, R. M., Verdi, J., Noureddini, M., Salehi, R., Salarinia, R., Mosallaei, M., Simonian, M., Alani, B., Ghiasi, M. R., Jaafari, M. R., et al. (2017) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.26094 · Cited by 85
“In order to achieve efficient homing of MSCs to the tumor site, the median amount of administered therapeutic cells recommended to be less than 10% of the tumor mass (Hung et al., 2005).”
BackgroundDwyer, R. M., Ryan, J., Havelin, R. J., Morris, J. C., Miller, B. W., Liu, Z., Flavin, R., O’Flatharta, C., Foley, M. J., Barrett, H. H., et al. (2011) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1002/stem.665 · Cited by 89
Magatti, M., Munari, S. D., Vertua, E., & Parolini, O. (2012) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01531.x · Cited by 84
“[18–20], suggesting that MSCs might be an attractive tool for developing novel cancer treatments.”
BackgroundBian, Z., Fan, Q., Li, G., Xu, W., & Tang, T. (2010) · Cancer Science · doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01731.x · Cited by 83
Shojaei, S., Hashemi, S. M., Ghanbarian, H., Salehi, M., & Mohammadi‐Yeganeh, S. (2018) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.27326 · Cited by 89
“MSCs tumor homing have been observed in some cancers, such as breast, ovarian, lung, and colon carcinomas (Goldstein, Reagan, Anderson, Kaplan, & Rosenblatt, 2010; Hung et al., 2005; Komarova, Roth, Alvarez, Curiel, & Pereboeva, 2010).”
Lin, J., Wang, J., Chen, M., Chen, H.-C., Chang, T.-H., Su, B.-W., & Chang, P. (2013) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.06.003 · Cited by 80
Shinagawa, K., Kitadai, Y., Tanaka, M., Sumida, T., Onoyama, M., Ohnishi, M., Ohara, E., Higashi, Y., Tanaka, S., Yasui, W., et al. (2012) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.27735 · Cited by 80
Chen, X., Wang, R., Zhao, X., Wei, Y., Hu, M., Wang, Y.-S., Zhang, X.-W., Zhang, R., Zhang, L., Yao, B., et al. (2006) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgl069 · Cited by 81
The role of mesenchymal stem cells in cancer development
Yagi, H., & Kitagawa, Y. (2013) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2013.00261 · Cited by 76
“The homing capacity toward cancer tissues has been evaluated mostly in MSCs derived from bone marrow (Hung et al., 2005; Nakamizo et al., 2005; Loebinger et al., 2009) and less from other tissues such as adipocytes (Grisendi et al., 2010) or umbilical cord blood (Hu et al., 2011).”
BackgroundExpanding Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy
Barca, C., Griessinger, C. M., Faust, A., Depke, D. A., Essler, M., Windhorst, A. D., Devoogdt, N., Brindle, K. M., Schäfers, M. A., Zinnhardt, B., et al. (2021) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph15010013 · Cited by 73
“There have been many trials of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as cell-based drug delivery systems in which tumors homing and assessment of their therapeutic effects were monitored by transducing the cells with HSV-1-tk to allow their visualization using PET [97,103].”
MethodLuetzkendorf, J., Mueller, L. P., Mueller, T., Caysa, H., Nerger, K., & Schmoll, H. (2009) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00794.x · Cited by 72
“However, tumour integration [7, 38, 39] and even proliferation [8] of systemically applied MSC was seen in s.”
BackgroundAquino, J. B., Bolontrade, M. F., García, M. G., Podhajcer, O. L., & Mazzolini, G. D. (2010) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/gt.2010.10 · Cited by 71
Mesenchymal stromal cells for the delivery of oncolytic viruses in gliomas
Kerrigan, B. C. P., Shimizu, Y., Andreeff, M., & Lang, F. F. (2017) · Cytotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.002 · Cited by 72
“Soon thereafter, the use of MSCs for the treatment of various other types of cancers was reported, including in the treatment of, lung [33], colon [8], ovarian [34], pancreatic [35], renal [11], breast cancers [36] and sarcoma [9, 10].”
BackgroundLotfi, R., Eisenbacher, J. L., Solgi, G., Fuchs, K., Yildiz, T., Nienhaus, C., Rojewski, M., & Schrezenmeier, H. (2011) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201041324 · Cited by 66
García, M. G., Bayo, J., Bolontrade, M. F., Sganga, L., Malvicini, M., Alaniz, L. D., Aquino, J. B., Fiore, E. J., Rizzo, M., Rodriguez, A., et al. (2011) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/mp200137c · Cited by 66
Nouri, F. S., Wang, X., & Hatefi, A. (2015) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.01.003 · Cited by 62
“Recent evidence indicates that systemically administered mesencymal stem cells (MSCs) can migrate and deliver therapeutic genes to tumors [1-3].”
BackgroundQiao, L., Zhao, T., Wang, F.-Z., Shan, C., Ye, L., & Zhang, X. (2008) · Acta Pharmacologica Sinica · doi:10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00751.x · Cited by 63
The Effect of Delivery Via Narrow-Bore Needles on Mesenchymal Cells
Agashi, K., Chau, D. Y. S., & Shakesheff, K. M. (2008) · Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.2217/17460751.4.1.49 · Cited by 64
To grab the stroma by the horns: From biology to cancer therapy with mesenchymal stem cells
Droujinine, I. A., Eckert, M. A., & Zhao, W. (2013) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.1040 · Cited by 64
“The evidence for this has been obtained using MSC-specific PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) (29–31) and noninvasive, real-time bioluminescence imaging (16,32,33), nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (34), positron emission tomography (PET) (35), and radionuclide imaging (35).”
MethodTargeting of mesenchymal stem cells to ovarian tumors via an artificial receptor
Komarova, S., Roth, J. C., Alvarez, R. D., Curiel, D. T., & Pereboeva, L. (2010) · Journal of Ovarian Research · doi:10.1186/1757-2215-3-12 · Cited by 62
“a means to track malignant tissues or for the delivery of anticancer agents to tumors [2,5-9].”
BackgroundPerin, E. C., Tian, M., Marini, F. C., Silva, G. V., Zheng, Y. W., Baimbridge, F., Quan, X., Fernandes, M. R., Gahremanpour, A., Young, D. P., et al. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022949 · Cited by 61
“We [18,19] and others [20] have shown the efficacy of PET imaging of HSV1-tk reporter gene– expressing stem cells in preclinical studies [18–20], including studies of short-term stem cell fate after intramyocardial injection in rodent models of MI [21–23], mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) implanted in pig hearts [24,25],…”
BackgroundSelf-citationTakigawa, H., Kitadai, Y., Shinagawa, K., Yuge, R., Higashi, Y., Tanaka, S., Yasui, W., & Chayama, K. (2016) · Cancer Science · doi:10.1111/cas.12907 · Cited by 62
Mesenchymal stem cells as cellular vehicles for prodrug gene therapy against tumors
Amara, I., Touati, W., Beaune, P. H., & de Waziers, I. (2014) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2014.06.016 · Cited by 64
Kim, K. S., Park, W., & Na, K. (2014) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.09.014 · Cited by 59
Choi, S. H., Stuckey, D. W., Pignatta, S., Reinshagen, C., Khalsa, J. K., Roozendaal, N., Martínez‐Quintanilla, J., Tamura, K., Keleş, E., & Shah, K. (2017) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0077 · Cited by 59
“PET ligands such as 18F-FHBG, 18F-FEAU, and 124I-FAIU have been used to provide 3D images of the concentration of cells in different locations within a tumor (49, 50).”
MethodFruhwirth, G. O., Diocou, S., Blower, P. J., Ng, T., & Mullen, G. E. D. (2014) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.113.127480 · Cited by 58
“Recently, several groups successfully introduced NIS as a reporter gene to enable imaging or therapy (with 131 I 2 ) in nonthyroidal disease ( 17 ) including the use of mesenchymal stem cells for tumor targeting ( 18,19 ).”
BackgroundStem Cell Imaging: Tools to Improve Cell Delivery and Viability
Wang, J., & Jokerst, J. V. (2016) · Stem Cells International · doi:10.1155/2016/9240652 · Cited by 57
“Reporter genes such as those transfected by HSV-1tk cannot be easily recognized, and thus a GFP gene is usually added on the same construct as the reporter to guide in FACS sorting [21].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Hung, S.-C., Deng, W.-P., Yang, W. K., Liu, R.-S., Lee, C.-C., Su, T.-C., Lin, R.-J., Yang, D.-M., Chang, C.-W., Chen, W.-H., Wei, H.-J., & Gelovani, J. G.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica (TW)
- Taipei Medical University (TW)
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital (TW)
- 2Institute of Biomedical Materials, Taipei Medical University; Departments of
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- Venue
- Clinical Cancer Research
- Published
- 2005-11-01
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 7749-7756
- ISSN
- 1078-0432 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-3265
- OpenAlex
- W2149287721
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 7.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Clinical Cancer Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of California, Los Angeles
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Bacterial Cancer Therapy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
- Keywords
- mesenchymal stem cells, tumor targeting, tumor stroma, HSV-1 thymidine kinase, suicide gene therapy, cytokine gene therapy, 18F-FHBG, stem cell differentiation, endothelial cells, colon cancer, HT-29 cells, non-invasive imaging, stem cell trafficking
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Membrane, Flow Cytometry, Genetic Vectors, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Mesoderm, Neoplasm Transplantation, Neoplasms, Stem Cells, Time Factors, Protein Biosynthesis, Genetic Therapy, Lentivirus, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Cytokines, Genes, Reporter, Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation, Positron-Emission Tomography, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Mice
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